00
THE FIRST FORTY YEARS OF
WASHINGTON SOCIETY
Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard).
After the portrait by Charles Bird King, in the possession of her grandson,
J. Henley Smith, Washington.
COPYRIGHT, 1906, BY
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
Published November, 1906.
PREFATORY NOTE
During the first forty years of its existence the city
of Washington had a society, more definite and real than
it has come to have in later days. The permanent resi-
dents, although appurtenant to the changing official ele-
ment, nevertheless furnished the framework which the
larger and more important social life used to build upon,
and the result was a structure of society tolerably com-
pact and pleasing and certainly interesting. It was
emphatically official, but it did not include the lower class
officials, who found their recreation for the most part at
the street resorts, and its tone was dignified and whole-
some. At any rate, it was genuine and national, even
if it was crude, and the day of the all-powerful rich man
and his dominance in social life had not yet arrived.
Samuel Harrison Smith, a writer and editor in Phila-
delphia, came to the city in the year 1800, soon after the
government had moved there. He was the son of Jona-
than Bayard Smith, a member of the Continental Con-
gress, signer of the Articles of Confederation and Colonel
of a Pennsylvania regiment during the Revolution; and
although he was only 28 years old he established the first
national newspaper printed in America, which he called
The National Intelligencer. Just before his paper was
started he returned to Philadelphia, and on September 29,
1800, married his second cousin, Margaret Bayard, and
their wedding journey was from Philadelphia to Wash-
ington where they lived the rest of their lives; and for
vi PREFATORY NOTE
forty years their house was the resort of the most interest-
ing characters in national public life. The first number of
The National Intelligencer appeared October 31, 1800,
and after conducting it successfully for a number of years
Mr. Smith sold it to Joseph Gales, Jr., who afterwards
associated with himself as editor, William W. Seaton. In
1813 President Madison appointed Mr. Smith the first
Commissioner of the Revenue of the Treasury Depart-
ment and on September 30, 18 14, Secretary of the Treas-
ury ad interim. From 1809 to 18 19 he was President of
the Bank of Washington and later President of the Wash-
ington branch Bank of the United States until the office
was abolished ten years before his death. Undoubtedly,
the success of his career was partly due to the assistance
given him by his talented wife.
Margaret Bayard was born, February 29, 1778, in
Philadelphia, the daughter of Colonel John Bayard, a
famous revolutionary officer, Speaker of the Pennsyl-
vania Assembly and member of the Continental Congress.
Colonel Bayard's nephew and adopted son was James A.
Bayard, a distinguished diplomat and Senator from Dela-
ware, and James A. Bayard's son, having the same
name, was also a Senator from Delaware, as was his
grandson, the late Thomas Francis Bayard. Margaret
Bayard was 22 years old when she married, and it was
inevitable that one who wrote so readily should eventu-
ally print her pieces, and in due course she fell in with
Godey, Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale, Anthony Bleecker,
J. Herrick and Miss Catherine Maria Sedgwick, and
from 1823 up to a few years before her death she
was an occasional contributor to the literature of the
day. For Godey's Lady's Book she wrote "Domestic
Sketches," an account of Presidential Inaugurations and
a serial moral story printed in March, April and May,
PREFATORY NOTE vii
1837, entitled "Who Is Happy?" She also wrote some
Spanish tales, "Constantine" and several other Roman
stones, "Lucy," "The Sister," and "Estelle Aubert," a
translation from the French which Mrs. Hale printed in
1834. In 1835 she printed in The National Intelli-
gencer a letter in verse anonymously to Harriet Mar-
tineau, and probably contributed to this paper on other
occasions which cannot be identified. In 1837 she wrote
for The Southern Literary Messenger and Peter Parley
(Goodrich's) Annual "The Token," but anonymously.
She contributed to Herrick & Longacre's "National Por-
trait Gallery," doubtless the articles on Mrs. Madison and
probably one or two others. Her contributions were gen-
erally moral essays or stories, pitched high as the taste of
the day required. The most ambitious product of her pen
was a large novel in two volumes entitled "A Winter in
Washington, or Memoirs of the Seymour Family," pub-
lished in 1824 (New York: E. Bliss and E. White)
anonymously. Her authorship was, however, not con-
cealed and was generally known at the time, and the book
after being a decided success has since become exceedingly
rare. The characters were taken from real life, and it
has historical value because of a number of anecdotes,
chiefly of Thomas Jefferson, scattered through its pages.
Another volume published by her was a story of 257
pages, printed in 1828 and sold at a fair held for the
benefit of the Washington Orphan Asylum, bearing the
title "What Is Gentility?" (Published by Pishey Thomp-
son. DeKraf t, Printer. ) Undoubtedly Mrs. Smith's most
interesting and valuable writings were those which she
never intended for publication and which have hitherto
never seen the light, being her private letters, in which she
opens an intimate view of the famous political characters
in Washington, whose acquaintance and friendship she
viii PREFATORY NOTE
enjoyed. Those letters present a picture highly enter-
taining and valuable, and so do some of the reminiscences
which she wrote in her note-books.
She was the intimate friend of Jefferson — who was
her life's hero — and his family, and one of his most char-
acteristic letters, that in which he discloses his views
on religion, was addressed to her; of the Madisons, the
Clays, the Calhouns ; of William Wirt, the accomplished
Attorney-General for twelve years, and of William H.
Crawford, whose partisan in his candidacy for the Pres-
idency she became, besides many others. She enter-
tained Harriet Martineau when she came to Washing-
ton on her famous tour, held long conversations with the
Socialist, Owen of Lanark, and had as one of her intimate
friends Madame de Neuville, the wife of Hyde de Neu-
ville, the most popular of the early ministers of France
to the United States. She was a remarkably truthful
letter writer, and never embellished her correspondence
with apocryphal gossip. She judged her fellow-man
charitably and believed in her country absolutely, and did
not herself participate in any of the party rancor which
raged around her. She was a Republican, to which party
her husband adhered, but she came of a Federalist family
and looked not unkindly upon her husband's opponents.
She died January 7, 1844, and her husband November 1,
1845.
In the valuable manuscript collection in my pos-
session are several thousand of my grandmother's letters
and of letters to her from nearly all the prominent char-
acters of her day. They were kept by her son, Jonathan
Bayard Harrison Smith, my father, under lock and
key during his life, and have only been seen since coming
PREFATORY NOTE ix
under my control after my mother's death. From this
mass of material Mr. Hunt has selected only those letters
which give an intimate view of the social life of Wash-
ington nearly a hundred years ago. Most of the letters
are addressed to Mrs. Smith's sisters, Jane, herself a.
woman of literary accomplishments, the wife of Chief
Justice Andrew Kirkpatrick of New Jersey, and Anna,
who married Mr. Samuel Boyd of New York; and her
husband's sisters, Susan Bayard Smith and Mary Ann
Smith ; and her son, when he was a student at Princeton.
Sidney, the country place from which she often wrote,
was a farm of 200 acres, a portion of which the Catholic
University now occupies; but the original house is still
standing.
J. Henley Smith.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard),
After the portrait by Charles Bird King, in the possession of her grand-
son, J. Henley Smith, Washington.
Frontispiece
FACING
PAGE
Colonel John Bayard, Father of Margaret Bayard . 6
A famous Revolutionary officer, Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly,
and Member of the Continental Congress.
Aaron Burr 20
From a portrait by John Vanderlyn, in the possession of Pierrepont
Edwards, Elizabeth, N. J.
James A. Bayard, Senator from Delaware ... 24
From an engraving of the original painting by Wertmuller.
Thomas Jefferson, by Gilbert Stuart . ... 30
The property of T. Jefferson Coolidge.
Samuel Harrison Smith, Founder of The National
Intelligencer ......... 40
After the portrait by Charles Bird King.
Mr. Jefferson, Mrs. Madison, Mr. Madison ... 60
Silhouettes from life.
Monticello — North Front 66
Monticello— South Front 68
Monticello — Entrance Hall ....... 72
Monticello— Salon ' . . .76
Montpelier 82
Madison's home, near Richmond, Virginia.
xi
xii ILLUSTRATIONS
FACING
PAGE
View of the East Front of the President's House,
with the Addition of the North and South
Porticos 94
From a drawing made in 1807 by B. H. Latrobe, surveyor of the public
buildings, Washington.
The President's House, Washington, after the Con-
flagration of August 24, 1814 102
The Capitol after the Conflagration of Augvst
24, 1814 no
Mrs. James Madison 134
From the steel engraving by J. F. E. Prudhomme, after the portrait by
J. Wood.
Andrew Jackson . . . . ' 174
From the painting by Sully (1823), in the Corcoran Gallery, Washington.
Henry Clay, Secretary of State 1825-1829 . . . 208
From the portrait by Edward Dalton Marchant, in the State Depart-
ment, Washington.
James Madison 234
From a picture by Gilbert Stuart, in the possession of T. Jefferson Coolidge.
John Quincy Adams . .248
From the portrait by Jean Baptiste Adolphe Gibert, in the State Depart-
ment, Washington.
Mrs. William Thornton 322
After a water-color by Dr. Thornton, in the possession of J. Henley
Smith, Washington.
Dr. William Thornton 326
After a water-color by himself in the possession of J. Henley Smith,
Washington.
Harriet Martineau 356
Mrs. James Madison 380
After a water-color by Dr. William Thornton.
BETWEEN
_ PAGES
Fac-simile of Letter from Miss Martineau to
Mrs. Smith 368 and 369
THE FIRST FORTY YEARS OF
WASHINGTON SOCIETY
FORTY YEARS OF
WASHINGTON SOCIETY
TO MRS. KIRKPATR1CK
Sunday evening, Nov. 16, 1800.
. . . . I thought I was coming into a land of
strangers; but with a husband so beloved, I hesitated
not to leave the kindest of fathers and the most indulgent
of friends. But, here in Mrs. Bell, have I met with a
mother, for sure no daughter could be treated with more
affection ; in Miss Thornhill and Eliza, sisters, and in Mr.
English a most attentive brother. In Mr. and Mrs. Law,
Cap. and Mrs. Tingey,1 Mr. and Mrs. Otis, Dr. and Mrs.
Thornton,2 social and agreeable companions. In my last
letter I mentioned that Mrs. Bell was to drink tea with
me; the family all came and in my chamber, which I
assure you looked very smart, we passed an agreeable
afternoon and they were treated with my wedding cake.
Mrs. B. brought with her a large basket of sweet potatoes
1 Thomas Tingey, born in London, September II, 1750, an officer in
the British Navy, came to America before the Revolution, served in the
Continental Navy during the war, and in 1799 in the war with France.
He was not in the Navy at the time Mrs. Smith met him, but was living
in Washington as a private citizen. He was restored to the Navy in 1804
and was continuously in command of the Navy Yard until his death in
1829. He came to look upon the Yard as his property, and actually
included the commandant's house in the property which he disposed of
in his will. His first wife was Sarah Murdock, of Philadelphia.
2 Dr. William Thornton was an Englishman born in the West Indies.
He made the first accepted designs for the Capitol. He invented a flutter-
wheel steamboat and accused Fulton of having wrongfully deprived him
of it. He was the first Superintendent of the Patent Office, and a man of
genius and rare social accomplishments. His wife was a Miss Bor-
deaux, who had come to America from France.
2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
and some fine cabbages. Mr. St. Gemme,1 a French
gentleman of reduced fortunes, accompanied her; he
teaches Eliza french and drawing, and from a piece he
painted, certainly possesses much taste and delicacy. I
found him so agreeable that I asked him to repeat his
visit. Tuesday was a most delightful day, and Mr. S.
and myself sallied forth. Between Capt. Tingey and us,
there extends a plain of near half a mile, the ground is
elevated and commands a most beautiful view of the
Eastern Branch. I will not say we walked along this,
the elasticity of the air had given such elasticity to my
spirits that I could not walk. On reaching the house,
we were received in a very friendly way; altho' we had
so long neglected returning the visits of this family. The
Capt. was not at home; we sat more than an hour with
the ladies ; Mrs. T. is a good kind of a woman, and tho'
not very agreeable, yet she appears very worthy; the
girls seem good natured, but as yet I can say nothing
more of them. Mrs. T. gave me some domestic informa-
tion, bade me apply to her whenever I wanted advice, and
to consider her as a mother. Said she was averse to
form, and asked me to visit her in any way and at any
hours. If I would ride, she would often call for me, as
they always had a spare seat in the carriage. From
there we walked to Mrs. Law's,2 about a mile farther.
She saw us from the windows and came to the door to
1 Carre* De V. Gemme, afterwards chief of division in the prefecture,
department of Charente.
* Thomas Law, a brother of Lord Ellenborough, came to Washington
in 1795 with the idea of making an enormous fortune by speculating in
real estate. In 1796 he married Eliza Parke Custis, a descendant of
Lord Baltimore and granddaughter of Mrs. Washington. They lived
unhappily, separated in 1804, and were divorced a few years later. There
were rumors that she loved the world and its admiration too much; but
Mr. Law was himself an oddity. One of the stories about him is that
going to the post office for his letters one day he could not remember his
name till an acquaintance addressed him.
i8oo] MRS. LAW'S KITCHEN 3
meet us, took each by the hand and lead us in the parlour.
We had sat only a few minutes when she said, "Lay down
your hat Mr. Smith, we have a fine roast turkey, and you
must stay and eat of it." Talking of conveniences in
cooking, "Come," said she, "you are young housekeepers,
come and look at my kitchen." She has a contrivance,
more convenient than any I ever heard of and as you are
in search of conveniences I will describe it. The chimney
is six feet in width, in this is placed a thing called the
Ranger, in the center is a grate, about two feet wide, on
one side a place to boil in, which contains 6 or 8 gallons
of water, on the other side a place of the same dimensions,
for an oven, which opens in front, with a door, and has a
shelf inside, so that two ranges of dishes can bake at
the same time. Both the boiler and oven are heated by
the pine in the grate; which at the same time can roast
anything placed before it, and as many pots as you please
can hang over it. The kitchen is well heated, and the oven
and boiler are always of a uniform heat. Here, with a
small quantity of coal, she has often cooked dinner for
large companies. They are to be had at Baltimore. We
left Mr. S. in the parlour, and she took me up stairs, where
she was putting up curtains; I assisted her, went from
room to room and we chatted like old acquaintance. Then
while she dressed for dinner, I played with the little Eliza
and her doll. The sweet little creature calls me aunt, and
I am to call her my Mary Ann. When we went down to
dinner, we found 4 or five gentlemen who had accidentally
come in. Soon after Capt. Tingey's family joined us.
Mr. Peter and Mr. Lewis her two brothers in law were of
the party. Vivacity and good humour prevailed and our
party was fifty times more agreeable than if we had all met
by previous invitation. I have never met with any one
so destitute of all form or ceremony as this sweet woman.
4 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
After dinner, the gentlemen all dispersed and I was about
accompanying Mr. S., but Mrs. Tingey told me if I would
stay to tea, she would take me home in the carriage. I
agreed, Mrs. L. amused herself with a magazine, and left
us to amuse ourselves as we chose. I cut out and fitted
a muslin frock for my adopted niece a la mode Mary Ann,
while she played by my side, and the Tingey ladies talked
with me. About an hour after dinner, before the table
was removed, a servant brought in a waiter of shusheng
tea and a few biscuits. When we parted, I had two sweet
kisses from Mrs. Law, with an invitation frequently to
repeat my visit and a promise of soon seeing me. Of
Mr. Law, I say nothing, it is impossible to describe this
man ; he is one of the strangest I ever met with ; all good
nature and benevolence; his ruling passion is to serve
every one, which keeps him perpetually busy, about
others. Scarcely a day passes without his calling, and
at all hours ; the other morning he was almost in the room
before we were up. Cap. T. and Dr. May1 subscribed
to the paper, besides several of inferior note. Mr. S.
received a letter from Lancaster, containing the names of
32 subscribers, out of the Pens, legislature. We find
that an acquaintance with the gentlemen of this place, is
advantageous to him, and that the best way of getting
business, is by being generally known, and by being con-
nected with the most respectable people. Induced by this,
he has subscribed to the dancing Assembly.2 The cards,
he is to print, will amount really to the subscription.
Mrs. Tingey called for me the other day, to accompany
1 Frederick May came to Washington in 1795 and was the father of
the medical profession in the city. His son John Frederick May was
the first Washington physician whose reputation extended beyond the
city.
2 The Washington Dancing Assembly was started by Mr. Law, Captain
Tingey, Dr. May and other gentlemen of the city, and was the first
organized effort to give some form to its social amusements.
i8oo] INTERVIEW WITH JEFFERSON 5
her to G. Town. After shopping we drove to Mrs. Bells,
where as usual I met a most affectionate welcome. Bread,
butter, ham and cakes were set before us, and when I
came away my pockets were loaded with cake and apples ;
a bottle of milk, one of yeast, a bundle of hops, were put
in the carriage for me, with an injunction of applying
for more, when these were gone. My good Betsy, con-
tinues to do well ; always on coming home of an evening,
I find the tea table set, the candles lighted and a good
fire. I wish you could peep on us at this period. Mr.
S. enjoys his tea so much, that it gives a double relish to
mine. Poor Bibby notwithstanding her stupidity makes
a nice kind of biscuit, she is always delighted when I ask
her to make them, and if I give any of them to the young
men, she says "Au now Misses, why you give away wat I
make for you sel." Betsy too, desirous of trying her
hand, made me this evening some very good short cakes.
(What strange information to send 200 miles).
This morning Mrs. Otis sent her carriage for us and
we went to church, where a good sermon was preached to
a small but respectable congret. After church Capt. T.
Dr. May and Mrs. Foster came home with us, and I re-
ceived them sans ceremonie in my chamber. As I have
but little more to say, I will not begin another sheet. Mr.
Paterson was here on Friday and was quite well. Re-
member us to all our dear friends and bid them not to
forget us. Farewell my dear Sisters.
REMINISCENCES1
"And is this," said I, after my first interview with Mr.
Jefferson, "the violent democrat, the vulgar demagogue,
1 From Mrs. Smith's note book. It was written in 1837, ^ut r^'ate5
to her first arrival in Washington,
6 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
the bold atheist and profligate man I have so often heard
denounced by the federalists ? Can this man so meek and
mild, yet dignified in his manners, with a voice so soft
and low, with a countenance so benignant and intelligent,
can he be that daring leader of a faction, that disturber
of the peace, that enemy of all rank and order?" Mr.
Smith, indeed, (himself a democrat) had given me a very
different description of this celebrated individual ; but his
favourable opinion I attributed in a great measure to his
political feelings, which led him zealously to support and
exalt the party to which he belonged, especially its popular
and almost idolized leader. Thus the virulence of party-
spirit was somewhat neutralized, nay, I even entertained
towards him the most kindly dispositions, knowing him to
be not only politically but personally friendly to my hus-
band ; yet I did believe that he was an ambitious and vio-
lent demagogue, coarse and vulgar in his manners, awk-
ward and rude in his appearance, for such had the public
journals and private conversations of the federal party
represented him to be.1
In December, 1800, a few days after Congress had for
the first time met in our new Metropolis, I was one morn-
ing sitting alone in che parlour, when the servant opened
the door and showed in a gentleman who wished to see
my husband. The usual frankness and care with which
I met strangers, were somewhat checked by the dignified
and reserved air of the present visitor; but the chilled
feeling was only momentary, for after taking the chair I
offered him in a free and easy manner, and carelessly
throwing his arm on the table near which he sat, he
turned towards me a countenance beaming with an ex-
pression of benevolence and with a manner and voice al-
most femininely soft and gentle, entered into conversation
"Col. John Bayard, Mrs. Smith's father, was a federalist.
Colonel John Bayard, father of Margaret Bayard.
A famous Revolutionary officer, Speaker of the Pennsylvania
Assembly, and Member of the Continental Congress.
i8oo] IMPRESSIONS OF JEFFERSON 7
on the commonplace topics of the day, from which, before
I was conscious of it, he had drawn me into observa-
tions of a more personal and interesting nature. I know
not how it was, but there was something in his manner,
his countenance and voice that at once unlocked my heart,
and in answer to his casual enquiries concerning our sit-
uation in our new home, as he called it, I found myself
frankly telling him what I liked or disliked in our present
circumstances and abode. I knew not who he was, but
the interest with which he listened to my artless details,
induced the idea he was some intimate acquaintance or
friend of Mr. Smith's and put me perfectly at my ease;
in truth so kind and conciliating were his looks and man-
ners that I forgot he was not a friend of my own, until on
the opening of the door, Mr. Smith entered and intro-
duced the stranger to me as Mr. Jefferson.
I felt my cheeks burn and my heart throb, and not a
word more could I speak while he remained. Nay, such
was my embarrassment I could scarcely listen to the con-
versation carried on between him and my husband. For
several years he had been to me an object of peculiar in-
terest. In fact my destiny, for on his success in the pend-
ing presidential election, or rather the success of the dem-
ocratic party, (their interests were identical) my condition
in life, my union with the man I loved, depended. In
addition to this personal interest, I had long participated
in my husband's political sentiments and anxieties, and
looked upon Mr. Jefferson as the corner stone on which
the edifice of republican liberty was to rest, looked upon
him as the champion of human rights, the reformer of
abuses, the head of the republican party, which must rise
or fall with him, and on the triumph of the republican
party I devoutly believed the security and welfare of my
country depended. Notwithstanding those exalted views
8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
of Mr. Jefferson as a political character; and ardently
eager as I was for his success, I retained my previously
conceived ideas of the coarseness and vulgarity of his
appearance and manners and was therefore equally awed
and surprised, on discovering the stranger whose deport-
ment was so dignified and gentlemanly, whose language
was so refined, whose voice was so gentle, whose coun-
tenance was so benignant, to be no other than Thomas
Jefferson. How instantaneously were all these precon-
ceived prejudices dissipated, and in proportion to their
strength, was the reaction that took place in my opinions
and sentiments. I felt that I had been the victim of
prejudice, that I had been unjust. The revolution of
feeling was complete and from that moment my heart
warmed to him with the most affectionate interest and I
implicitly believed all that his friends and my husband be-
lieved and which the after experience of many years con-
firmed. Yes, not only was he great, but a truly good man !
The occasion of his present visit, was to make arrange-
ments with Mr. Smith for the publication of his Man-
ual for Congress, now called Jefferson's manual. The
original was in his own neat, plain, but elegant hand
writing. The manuscript was as legible as printing and
its unadorned simplicity was emblematical of his char-
acter. It is still preserved by Mr. Smith and valued as
a precious relique.
After the affair of business was settled, the conversa-
tion became general and Mr. Jefferson several times
addressed himself to me; but although his manner was
unchanged, my feelings were, and I could not recover
sufficient ease to join in the conversation. He shook
hands cordially with us both when he departed, and in
a manner which said as plain as words could do, "I am
your friend.,,
i8oo] CONRAD'S BOARDING HOUSE 9
During part of the time that Mr. Jefferson was Presi-
dent of the Philosophical Society (in Philadelphia) Mr.
Smith was its secretary. A prize offered by the society
for the best system of national education, was gained by
Mr. Smith. The merit of this essay, first attracted the
notice of Mr. J. to its author ; the personal acquaintance
which then took place, led to a friendly intercourse which
influenced the future destiny of my husband, as it was
by Mr. Jefferson's advice, that he removed to Washing-
ton and established the National Intelligencer. Esteem
for the talents and character of the editor first won Mr.
Jefferson's regard, a regard which lasted to the end of his
life and was a thousand times evinced by acts of personal
kindness and confidence.
At this time Mr. Jefferson was vice-President and in
nomination for the Presidency. Our infant city afforded
scant accommodations for the members of Congress.
There were few good boarding-houses, but Mr. Jefferson
was fortunate enough to obtain one of the best. Thomas
Law one of the wealthiest citizens and largest proprietors
of city property, had just finished for his own use a com-
modious and handsome house on Capitol hill; this, on
discovering the insufficiency of accommodation, he gave
up to Conrad for a boarding house, and removed to a
very inconvenient dwelling on Greenleaf's point, almost
two miles distant from the Capitol.1 And here while I
think of it, though somewhat out of place, I will mention
an incident that occurred which might have changed the
whole aspect of the political world and have disappointed
the long and deep laid plans of politicians, so much do
great events depend on trivial accidents. This out-of-the-
way-house to which Mr. Law removed, was separated
from the most inhabited part of the city by old fields and
waste grounds broken up by deep gulleys or ravines over
io WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
which there was occasionally a passable road. The elec-
tion of President by Congress was then pending, one vote
given or withheld would decide the question between Mr.
Jefferson and Mr. Burr. Mr. Bayard from Delaware held
that vote. He with other influential and leading mem-
bers went to a ball given by Mr. Law. The night was
dark and rainy, and on their attempt to return home, the
coachman lost his way, and until daybreak was driving
about this waste and broken ground and if not over-
turned into the deep gullies was momentarily in danger
of being so, an accident which would most probably have
cost some of the gentlemen their lives, and as it so
happened that the company in the coach consisted of
Mr. Bayard and three other members of Congress who
had a leading and decisive influence in this difficult
crisis of public affairs, the loss of either, might have
turned the scales, then so nicely poised. Had it been so,
and Mr. Burr been elected to the Presidency, what an
awful conflict, what civil commotions would have ensued.
Conrad's boarding house was on the south side of Cap-
itol hill and commanded an extensive and beautiful view.
It was on the top of the hill, the precipitous sides of which
were covered with grass, shrubs and trees in their wild
uncultivated state. Between the foot of the hill and the
broad Potomac extended a wide plain, through which the
Tiber wound its way. The romantic beauty of this little
stream was not then deformed by wharves or other works
of art. Its banks were shaded with tall and umbrageous
forest trees of every variety, among which the superb
Tulep-Poplar rose conspicuous ; the magnolia, the azalia,
the hawthorn, the wild-rose and many other indigenous
shrubs grew beneath their shade, while violets, anemonies
and a thousand other sweet wood-flowers found shelter
among their roots, from the winter's frost and greeted
i8oo] SCENERY OF WASHINGTON n
with the earliest bloom the return of spring. The wild
grape-vine climbing from tree to tree hung in unpruned
luxuriance among the branches of the trees and formed
a fragrant and verdant canopy over the greensward, im-
pervious to the noon day-sun. Beautiful banks of Tiber !
delightful rambles ! happy hours ! How like a dream do
ye now appear. Those trees, those shrubs, those flowers
are gone. Man and his works have displaced the charms
of nature. The poet, the botanist, the sportsman and the
lover who once haunted those paths must seek far hence
the shades in which they delight. Not only the banks of
the Tiber, but those of the Potomack and Anacosta, were
at this period adorned with native trees and shrubs and
were distinguished by as romantic scenery as any rivers in
our country. Indeed the whole plain was diversified with
groves and clumps of forest trees which gave it the
appearance of a fine park. Such as grew on the public
grounds ought to have been preserved, but in a govern-
ment such as ours, where the people are sovereign, this
could not be done. The people, the poorer inhabitants
cut down these noble and beautiful trees for fuel. In one
single night seventy tulip-Poplars were girdled, by which
process life is destroyed and afterwards cut up at their
leisure by the people. Nothing afflicted Mr. Jefferson
like this wanton destruction of the fine trees scattered over
the city-grounds. I remember on one occasion (it was
after he was President) his exclaiming "How I wish that
I possessed the power of a despot." The company at
table stared at a declaration so opposed to his disposition
and principles. "Yes," continued he, in reply to their
inquiring looks, "I wish I was a despot that I might save
the noble, the beautiful trees that are daily falling sacri-
fices to the cupidity of their owners, or the necessity of the
poor."
i2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
"And have you not authority to save those on the
public grounds?" asked one of the company. "No,"
answered Mr. J., "only an armed guard could save them.
The unnecessary felling of a tree, perhaps the growth of
centuries seems to me a crime little short of murder, it
pains me to an unspeakable degree." x
It was partly from this love of nature, that he selected
Conrad's boarding house, being there able to enjoy the
beautiful and extensive prospect described above. Here
he had a separate drawing-room for the reception of his
visitors ; in all other respects he lived on a perfect equal-
ity with his fellow boarders, and eat at a common table.
Even here, so far from taking precedence of the other
members of Congress, he always placed himself at the
lowest end of the table. Mrs. Brown, the wife of the
senator from Kentucky, suggested that a seat should
be offered him at the upper end, near the fire, if not on
account of his rank as vice-President, at least as the
oldest man in company. But the idea was rejected by
his democratic friends, and he occupied during the whole
winter the lowest and coldest seat at a long table at which
a company of more than thirty sat down. Even on the
day of his inauguration when he entered the dining-hall
no other seat was offered him by the gentlemen. Mrs.
Brown from an impulse which she said she could not
resist, offered him her seat, but he smilingly declined it,
and took his usual place at the bottom of the table. She
said she felt indignant and for a moment almost hated
the levelling principle of democracy, though her husband
was a zealous democrat. Certainly this was carrying
equality rather too far; there is no incompatibility be-
tween politeness and republicanism ; grace cannot weaken
and rudeness cannot strengthen a good cause, but democ-
xThis anecdote is given in "A Winter in Washington," Vol. II, p. 40.
i8oo] JEFFERSON AT CHURCH 13
racy is more jealous of power and priviledge than even
despotism.
At this time the only place for public worship in our
new-city was a small, a very small frame building at the
bottom of Capitol-hill. It had been a tobacco-house be-
longing to Daniel Carrol1 and was purchased by a few
Episcopalians for a mere trifle and fitted up as a church
in the plainest and rudest manner. During the first
winter, Mr. Jefferson regularly attended service on the
sabbath-day in the humble church. The congregation
seldom exceeded 50 or 60, but generally consisted of
about a score of hearers. He could have had no motive
for this regular attendance, but that of respect for public
worship, choice of place or preacher he had not, as this,
with the exception of a little Catholic chapel was the only
church in the new city. The custom of preaching in the
Hall of Representatives had not then been attempted,
though after it was established Mr. Jefferson during
his whole administration, was a most regular attendant.
The seat he chose the first sabbath, and the adjoining one,
which his private secretary occupied, were ever after-
wards by the courtesy of the congregation, left for him
and his secretary. I have called these Sunday assemblies
in the capitol, a congregation, but the almost exclusive
appropriation of that word to religious assemblies, pre-
vents its being a descriptive term as applied in the present
case, since the gay company who thronged the H. R.
looked very little like a religious assembly. The occasion
presented for display was not only a novel, but a favour-
able one for the youth, beauty and fashion of the city,
1 This was Daniel Carroll, of Duddington Manor; not Daniel Carroll
of Upper Marlborough, who signed the constitution, was a member of
the first congress and a commissioner of the District. Historians usually
confound the two. Mrs. Smith's spelling of proper names and her other
spelling also has been preserved in the text.
i4 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
Georgetown and environs. The members of Congress,
gladly gave up their seats for such fair auditors, and either
lounged in the lobbies, or round the fire places, or stood
beside the ladies of their acquaintance. This sabbath-
day-resort became so fashionable, that the floor of the
house offered insufficient space, the platform behind the
Speaker's chair, and every spot where a chair could be
wedged in was crowded with ladies in their gayest cos-
tume and their attendant beaux and who led them to their
seats with the same gallantry as is exhibited in a ball
room. Smiles, nods, whispers, nay sometimes tittering
marked their recognition of each other, and beguiled the
tedium of the service. Often, when cold, a lady would
leave her seat and led by her attending beau would make
her way through the crowd to one of the fire-places where
she could laugh and talk at her ease. One of the officers
of the house, followed by his attendant with a great bag
over his shoulder, precisely at 12 o'clock, would make his
way through the hall to the depository of letters to
put them in the mail-bag, which sometimes had a most
ludicrous effect, and always diverted attention from the
preacher. The musick was as little in union with devo-
tional feelings, as the place. The marine-band, were the
performers. Their scarlet uniform, their various instru-
ments, made quite a dazzling appearance in the gallery.
The marches they played were good and inspiring, but
in their attempts to accompany the psalm-singing of the
congregation, they completely failed and after a while,
the practice was discontinued, — it was too ridiculous.
Not only the chaplains, but the most distinguished
clergymen who visited the city, preached in the Capitol.
I remember hearing Mr. E. Everet, afterwards a member
of Congress, deliver an eloquent and flowery discourse,
to a most thronged and admiring audience. But as a
z8oo] PREACHING AT THE CAPITOL 15
political orator he afterwards became far more eloquent
and admired. Preachers of every sect and denomination
of christians were there admitted — Catholics, Unitarians,
Quakers with every intervening diversity of sect. Even
women were allowed to display their pulpit eloquence, in
this national Hall.
When Frederick the Great commenced his reign, in
order to enforce universal tolleration in religion, he
formed a plan which he believed would promote harmony
between the different and numerous religious sects. This
was to erect a spacious Edefice, or temple, in which at
different hours the public service of all, and each of the
christian denominations might be performed. He dis-
cussed this subject with Voltair, who with some difficulty
convinced him of its impracticability, and that the relig-
ious prejudices which divided christians, were too strong
to be conquered by either reason or despotic power. In
the Capitol the idea of this philosophic monarch has been
realized, without coercion; without combination. As
Congress is composed of christians of every persuasion,
each denomination in its turn has supplied chaplains to
the two houses of Congress, who preach alternately in the
Hall of Representatives. Some opposition was made
both to a Roman Catholic and Unitarian, but did not
succeed. Clergymen, who during the session of Con-
gress visited the city, were invited by the chaplains to
preach; those of distinguished reputation attracted
crowded audiences and were evidently gratified by hav-
ing such an opportunity for the exercise of their talents
and their zeal. The admission of female preachers, has
been justly reprobated: curiosity rather than piety at-
tracted throngs on such occasions. The levity which
characterized the sabbath-day assemblies in the capitol in
former years, has long yielded to a more decorous and
16 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
reverent demeanor. The attendance of the marine-band
was soon discontinued, and various regulations made,
which have secured a serious and uninterrupted attention
to the religious services of the day.
For several years after the seat of government was
fixed at Washington, there were but two small churches.
The roman-catholic chapel in F. street, then a little frame
building, and the Episcopalian church at the foot of Cap-
itol-hill; both, very small and mean frame buildings.
Now, in 1837 there are 22 churches of brick or stone.
Sunday used to be the universal day for visits and enter-
tainments. Only a few, very few of the gayest citizens
now, either pay or receive visits. There was one sermon
delivered by Mr. Breckenridge at the commencement of
the war that was deemed quite prophetic — whether in-
spired or not, his predictions were certainly and accurately
fulfilled. This pious and reverend preacher, made up in
zeal and fidelity, what he lacked in natural talents or
acquired knowledge, and in the plainest and boldest
language of reprehension addressed the members of Con-
gress and officers of government present on that occasion.
The subject of his discourse was the observance of the
Sabbath. After enlarging on its prescribed duties, he
vehemently declaimed on the neglect of those duties, par-
ticularly by the higher classes and in this city, more es-
pecially by persons connected with the government. He
unshrinkingly taxed those then listening to him, with a
desecration of this holy day, by their devoting it to amuse-
ment— to visiting and parties, emphatically condemning
the dinner-parties given at the white-house, then address-
ing himself to the members of Congress, accused them
of violating the day, by laws they had made, partic-
ularly the carrying the mail on the sabbath; he en-
numerated the men and horses employed for this purpose
xSoo] BRECKENRIDGE'S PROPHESY 17
through the union and went into details striking and
impressive.
"It is not the people who will suffer, for these enormi-
ties," said he, "you, the law-givers, who are the cause of
this crime, will in your public capacity suffer for it. Yes,
it is the government that will be punished, and as, with
Nineveh of old, it will not be the habitations of the people,
but your temples and your palaces that will be burned to
the ground ; for it is by fire that this sin has usually been
punished." He then gave many instances from scripture
history in which destruction by fire of cities, dwellings
and persons, had been the consequence of violating the
Fourth commandment.
At the time this sermon was preached, the most remote
apprehension did not exist of a British army ever reach-
ing Washington, although war was impending. His pre-
dictions were verified. The Capitol, the President's
House, and every building belonging to the government
were destroyed and that by fire. Mrs. Madison told me
that on her return to the city, after the British had left it,
she was standing one day at her sister's door, for she had
no house of her own, but until one was provided by the
public, resided with her sister, and while there, looking
on the devastation that spread around, saw Mr. Brecken-
ridge passing along, she called to him and said, "I little
thought, Sir, when I heard that threatening sermon of
yours, that its denunciation would so soon be realized."
"Oh, Madam," he replied, "I trust this chastening of the
Lord, may not be in vain."
I am afraid the good man's hopes were never realized,
for as far as I recollect, there was not for many, many
years afterwards any change in the observance of the
Sabbath.
18 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
TO MISS SUSAN B. SMITH1
January i , 1 80 1 .
. . . The other evening, Mrs., Miss Tingey and
the Capt, Dr. May, (our Physician, an amiable handsome
young man) Genl. Van Courtland2 and Mr. Holmes,3
sans ceremonie passed the evening with us, and were very
merry over the successive dishes of fine oysters. Capt. T.
sings a good song, his wife and daughters accompany
him. As not one of these folks were either scientific or
sentimental, these songs very agreeably supplied the place
of conversation. Our company all appeared to enjoy
themselves, and therefore I was quite content. Mrs. Tin-
gey and the girls are most truly friendly, they are con-
stantly urging our visiting them in a social way, and they
set us a good example by often visiting us. . . . Mrs.
Law has been absent for some time and I have only seen
her once, within 6 weeks ; excepting the evening I passed
with her at the last assembly. Mrs. Law, Mrs. Tingey,
Mrs. Otis, Brown, and Bailey,4 from N. Y. and myself sat
together the whole evening ; seated between Mrs. Brown
and Law, and occasionally talking to different gentlemen,
my time passed more agreeably, than if I had danced. I
could not help wishing for you, my dear Susan; to ac-
company me ; I should have derived much pleasure from
seeing you in the dance; especially with such a partner,
as the beautiful, graceful and all accomplished Genl. Van
Courtland, who with his powdered wig, made a most
conspicuous figure in the room. The first time I observed
him was from Mrs. Law's pinching me and asking in a
1 Mr. Smith's younger sister.
2 Philip Van Cortlandt, of Cortlandt Manor, N. Y., a Representative.
3 David Holmes, a Representative from Virginia; afterwards Senator
from Mississippi.
4 Wife of Theodoras Bailey, of Dutchess Co., a Representative.
i8oi] MADAME EVE AND HER DRESS 19
low voice "If that gentleman was a relation of mine."
"A relation of mine I" repeated I with astonishment, "why
I hope you do not think so from any likeness that exists ?"
"No," said she, smiling, "I only wanted the liberty of
laughing at him." And to be sure, his erect attitudes,
and studied motions made us think he had taken lessons of
some antique dancing Gentleman, of the yr. one. There
was a lady, too, who afforded us great diversion, I titled
her, Madam Eve, and called her dress the fig leaf. Next
Winter my dear Sister I trust I shall enjoy the satis-
faction, of dressing your flaxen locks, (let Sister Mary
say what she will, they certainly must be curled) and
ornament your person. Whenever our plains are adorned
by Spring, and our woods have regained their leafy hon-
ors, I shall expect you and Sister Mary here to participate
in the pleasures of that delightful season. If such a
thing is possible, I am determined you shall both like
Washington, as well as you do Abington. If warm af-
fection and sincere friendship, can render an abode com-
fortable and happy, then my dear sisters will you be both
comfortable and happy in the house of your affection-
ate Brother. Mr. St. Gemmes, passed most of this even-
ing with us. To me, his society is more interesting and
pleasing than any I have met with in this place. He has
no striking or prominent traits of character and differs
from other Frenchmen by more solidity and sobriety of
manner. Mary will like him and will, I predict, have
many long and interesting confabulations. He, Mr.
Foster, Mr. and Mrs. Brown, are our weekly visitors.
The other afternoon, these, together with Mr. and Mrs.
Bailey and Mr. Nicholas,1 drank tea here. They were a
sober set, and we discussed sober and interesting subjects.
1 Wilson Cary Nicholas, Senator from Virginia, probably the ablest man
in Congress.
20 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
I do not think, Susan, you would have been highly de-
lighted, and as for Mr. Nicholas (I mean the Senator) he
may be a man of fine talents, but that of conversation is
not among the number. His manners were so benumb-
ing, that I could scarcely make my tongue move. Many
other gentlemen of congress occasionally visit us, but as
one of our rich, great men here, observed, they are just
like other men, and so they are not worth individual
notice. This old gentleman, this great, rich man, has
passed his life within this territory, and when the Mem-
bers of Congress arrived, he went to look at them and
told Mr. Law he saw no difference between them and
other men, they were made alike, had the same kind of
faces and talked as they did !
We were this evening informd that the apples and
butter had arrived, and I promise you they shall receive
a sincere welcome, and be treated with the greatest dis-
tinction. I am every day more and more pleased with
Betsy. She is one of the smartest and most attentive
servants I have ever met with. She never waits for me
to tell her to do her work; but takes pride in doing it
well. She has a great deal of pride, but if I can but
make it an instrument of industry and order, I shall
begin to think the better of it. My old man and woman,
are equally faithful and industrious. In fact I have no
kind of trouble. Dear Susan I wish you were as happy.
I believe I have more than answered all your questions,
and I have only now to beg of you, not to let our friends
forget us, and to assure them that they are remembered
by us. I am determined you shall not pay postage for
nothing. It is now past n o'clock; your brother half
asleep is chewing a biscuit and I, half awake, bid you a
good night and pleasant dreams.
Aaron Burr.
From a portrait by John Vanderlyn, in the possession of
Pierrepont Edwards, Elizabeth, N. J.
i8oi] JEFFERSON'S ELECTION 21
MR. JEFFERSON'S ELECTION1
February, 1801.
It was a day, "big with our country's fate" — a fate not
suspended on the triumph or defeat of two contending
armies, drawn forth in battle array — but on two contend-
ing political Parties, who after years of conflict, were
new brought to issue. The power, which had been origi-
nally vested in the Federal party, had been gradually
diminished by the force of public opinion, and transferred
to the Democratic Party. For a while equality of power
was maintained — but the equipoise did not last long, — a
great and preponderating majority in the Presidential
election, decided the relative strength of parties, the Dem-
ocrats prevailed and brought into oflice, on the full-tide
of popularity, the man who had been long recognized as
the head of their Party.
According to the constitutional form, two men were to
be run, the one for President, the other for vice President,
and he who had the greatest number of votes was to be
President. Such was the form of the law of election, but
in the execution of that law, the people knowingly desig-
nated the vice-President, and voted for him concurrently
with the President ; this produced an unlooked for result
and a constitutional difficulty. In the minds or inclina-
tions of the people, there had been no misapprehensions,
no dubiousness of choice. They as manifestly gave their
votes for Mr. Jefferson as President and Mr. Burr as vice-
President, as if each vote had been accompanied with such
a designation. With this understanding the votes for
one were as unanimous as the votes for the other, and the
result, of course, an equality. In this unlooked for emer-
1 From the note book.
22 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
gency what was to be done? The constitution decided.
The choice of President was to be made by Congress.
There was not a shadow of doubt or uncertainty as to
the object of the people's choice. It had been proclaimed
too widely and too loudly for any individual to remain
ignorant of the fact.
But this accidental and uncalculated result, gave the
Federal party a chance of preventing the election of a
man they politically abhorred — a man whose weight of
influence had turned the scale in favour of the opposing
Party. No means were left unattempted (perhaps I
ought to say no honest means) to effect this measure.
It was an aweful crises. The People who with such
an overwhelming majority had declared their will would
never peaceably have allowed the man of their choice to be
set aside, and the individual they had chosen as vice-Pres-
ident, to be put in his place. A civil war must have taken
place, to be terminated in all human probability by a rup-
ture of the Union. Such consequences were at least cal-
culated on, and excited a deep and inflammatory interest.
Crowds of anxious spirits from the adjacent county and
cities thronged to the seat of government and hung like a
thunder cloud over the Capitol, their indignation ready
to burst on any individual who might be designated as
President in opposition to the people's known choice.
The citizens of Baltimore who from their proximity, were
the first apprised of this daring design, were with diffi-
culty restrained from rushing on with an armed force, to
prevent, — or if they could not prevent, to avenge this
violation of the People's will and in their own vehement
language, to hurl the usurper from his seat. Mr. Jeffer-
son, then President of the Senate, sitting in the midst of
these conspirators, as they were then called, unavoidably
hearing their loudly whispered designs, witnessing their
i8oi] BALLOTING FOR PRESIDENT 23
gloomy and restless machinations, aware of the dreadful
consequences, which must follow their meditated designs,
preserved through this trying period the most unclouded
serenity, the most perfect equanimity. A spectator who
watched his countenance, would never have surmised, that
he had any personal interest in the impending event.
Calm and self possessed, he retained his seat in the midst
of the angry and stormy, though half smothered passions
that were struggling around him, and by this dignified
tranquility repressed any open violence — tho' insufficient
to prevent whispered menaces and insults, to these how-
ever he turned a deaf ear, and resolutely maintained a
placidity which baffled the designs of his enemies.
The crisis was at hand. The two bodies of Congress
met, the Senators as witnesses the Representatives as
electors. The question on which hung peace or war, nay,
the Union of the States was to be decided. What an
awful responsibility was attached to every vote given on
that occasion. The sitting was held with closed doors.
It lasted the whole day, the whole night. Not an in-
dividual left that solemn assembly, the necessary refresh-
ment they required was taken in rooms adjoining the
Hall. They were not like the Roman conclave legally
and forcibly confined, the restriction was self-imposed
from the deep-felt necessity of avoiding any extrinsic or
external influence. Beds, as well as food were sent, for
the accommodation of those whom age or debility dis-
abled from enduring such a long protracted sitting — the
ballotting took place every hour — in the interval men ate,
drank, slept or pondered over the result of the last
ballot, compared ideas and persuasions to change votes,
or gloomily anticipated the consequences,, let the result
be what it would.
With what an intense interest did every individual
24 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
watch each successive examination of the Ballot-box, how
breathlessly did they listen to the counting of the votes!
Every hour a messenger brought to the Editor of the N. I.1
the result of the Ballot. That night I never lay down
or closed my eyes. As the hour drew near its close, my
heart would almost audibly beat and I was seized with a
tremour that almost disabled me from opening the door
for the expected messenger.
What then must have been the feelings of that Heroic
woman, who had assented to her almost dying husband
being carried in this cold inclement season, the distance
of nearly two miles, from his lodgings to the capitol ?
In a room adjacent to the Hall of R, he lay on a bed
beside which she knelt supporting his head on her arm,
while with her hand she guided his, in writing the name
of the man of his choice. At the return of each hour the
invalid was roused from his disturbed slumber, much to
the injury of his health, to perform this important duty.
What anxiety must this fond wife have endured, what a
dread responsibility did she take on herself, knowing as
she did and having been appealed to by his physicians, to
resist his wish to go, that her husband's life was risked, by
his removal from his chamber and the following scene.2
But it was for her country ! And the American equalled
in courage and patriotism the Roman matron.
For more than thirty hours the struggle was main-
tained, but finding the republican phalanx impenetrable,
not to be shaken in their purpose, every effort proving un-
availing, the Senator from Delaware [James A. Bayard]3
the withdrawal of whose vote would determine the issue,
took his part, gave up his party, for his country, and
1 National Intelligencer.
'Joseph Hopper Nicholson of Maryland was the member. He was
carried to the House through a snow storm.
3 Mrs. Smith's first cousin and adopted brother. He was a Representative.
James A. Bayard, Senator from Delaware.
From an engraving of the original painting by Wertmuller.
i8oi] JEFFERSON'S TRIUMPH 25
threw into the box a blank ballot, thus leaving to the re-
publicans a majority. Mr. Jefferson was declared duly
elected. The assembled crowds, without the Capitol,
rent the air with their acclamations and gratulations, and
the Conspirators as they were called, hurried to their
lodgings under strong apprehensions of suffering from
the just indignation of their fellow citizens.
The dark and threatening cloud which had hung over
the political horrison, rolled harmlessly away, and the
sunshine of prosperity and gladness broke forth and ever
since, with the exception of a few passing clouds has con-
tinued to shine on our happy country.
TO MISS SUSAN B. SMITH
March 4, 1801.
Let me write to you my dear Susan, e'er that glow of
enthusiasm has fled, which now animates my feelings ; let
me congratulate not only you, but all my fellow citizens,
on an event which will have so auspicious an influence
on their political welfare. I have this morning witnessed
one of the most interesting scenes, a free people can ever
witness. The changes of administration, which in every
government and in every age have most generally
been epochs of confusion, villainy and bloodshed, in this
our happy country take place without any species of dis-
traction, or disorder. This day, has one of the most
amiable and worthy men taken that seat to which he was
called by the voice of his country. I cannot describe the
agitation I felt, while I looked around on the various
multitude and while I listened to an address, containing
principles the most correct, sentiments the most liberal,
and wishes the most benevolent, conveyed in the most
26 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
appropriate and elegant language and in a manner mild
as it was firm. If doubts of the integrity and talents
of Mr. Jefferson ever existed in the minds of any one,
methinks this address must forever eradicate them. The
Senate chamber was so crowded that I believe not another
creature could enter. On one side of the house the Sen-
ate sat, the other was resigned by the representatives to
the ladies. The roof is arched, the room half circle, every
inch of ground was occupied. It has been conjectured by
several gentlemen whom I've asked, that there were near
a thousand persons within the walls. The speech was
delivered in so low a tone that few heard it. Mr. Jefferson
had given your Brother a copy early in the morning,1 so
that on coming out of the house, the paper was distributed
immediately. Since then there has been a constant suc-
cession of persons coming for the papers. I have been
interrupted several times in this letter by the gentlemen
of Congress, who have been to bid us their adieus ; since
three o'clock there has been a constant succession. Mr.
Claibourn,2 a most amiable and agreeable man, called the
moment before his departure and there is no one whose
society I shall more regret the loss of. You will smile
when I tell you that Gouveneur Morris, Mr. Dayton and
Bayard3 drank tea here; they have just gone after sitting
near two hours.
Mr. Foster will be the bearer of this letter; he is a
widower, looking out for a wife ; he is a man of respect-
able talents, and most amiable disposition and comfortable
1 The original in Jefferson's handwriting is among the papers of Mr. J.
Henley Smith; also his second inaugural address in his handwriting and
signed.
2 William Charles Cole Claiborn, Representative from Virginia, had just
been appointed Governor of Mississippi.
3 All three being strong Federalists and the National Intelligencer a.
Republican paper. Jonathan Dayton was then a Senator from New
Jersey, and James A. Bayard Representative from Delaware*
[i8oi FRIENDSHIP OF GALLATINS 27
fortune. What think you my good sister Mary of set-
ting your cap for him? As for you, Susan, you are
rather too young, and I have another in my eye for
you. One recommendation Mr. F. will have in your
eyes, that he has been this winter on the most social and
friendly terms with us, seen us very often and can tell
you a great deal about us.
I trust my dear sisters we shall see you soon after you
receive this letter. I have been so often interrupted while
writing it, that I have felt inclined to throw it aside, but as
I have a great many more letters to write by Mr. Foster,
I must let you take it as it is. How is Mrs. Higginson ?
I wish to hear particularly something about her. If I
had not so many correspondents already, I should ask
communications from herself. I have written this in a
hasty and desultory manner. Adieu.
TO MISS SUSAN B. SMITH
May 26, 1801.
. . . Our City, is now as gay as in the winter ; the
arrival of all the secretaries, seems to give new anima-
tion to business, and the settlements of their families,
affords employment to some of our tradesmen. Mrs.
Gallatin1 is in our neighborhood at present, she is. ex-
tremely friendly and seems to consider me as her most
intimate friend. I see her often and have spent two or
three mornings visiting and shopping with her. The
house Mr. G. has taken is next door to the Madisons'
and three miles distant from us.2 I regret this circum-
stance, as it will prevent that intimate intercourse which
1 She was Hannah Nicholson, of New York, daughter of Commodore
Nicholson.
2 The house is still standing on the north side of M. St., near 326*.
28 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
I wished to enjoy, with her and Maria N.1 Mrs. Madi-
son is at the President's at present; I have become
acquainted with and am highly pleased with her; she
has good humour and sprightliness, united to the most
affable and agreeable manners. I admire the simplicity
and mildness of Mr. M.'s manners, and his smile has so
much benevolence in it, that it cannot fail of inspiring
good will and esteem. Genl. Dearborn,2 we have also
for our neighbour, he some times visits us and his con-
versation is so intelligent, and filled with so many useful
observations, that he is a most agreeable companion.
These I believe are all the additions we have had to our
society, since my last letter; I was prevented calling on
the ladies at Mr. Meredith's3 until yesterday, when I
found no one at home. During the last week I was quite
a prisoner for the want of a carriage, as we could pro-
cure none; I regretted this more on Brother John's ac-
count than on my own. He and sister Margaret left me
this morning, after a visit of 2 days. Mr. Meyers, tho'
lodging at a tavern, has passed all his time with us.
He takes a book and goes out among the trees, where he
sits most of the day. On Saturday last we dined at the
President's. The company was small, and on that ac-
count the more agreeable ; he has company every day, and
seldom more than twelve at table. I happen'd to be
seated next to him and had the pleasure of his conversa-
tion on several subjects.
Your Brother waits for this, I must therefore abruptly
bid you good-night.
1 Maria Nicholson, Mrs. Gallatin's sister.
1 Henry Dearborn, Secretary of War.
8 Samuel Meredith, Treasurer.
x8oi] DINNER AT JEFFERSON'S 29
TO MISS MARIA BAYARD1
May 28, Thursday, 1801.
. . . . Since I last wrote I have formed quite a
social acquaintance with Mrs. Madison and her sister;2
indeed it is impossible for an acquaintance with them to
be different. Mr. Smith and I dined at the President's, —
he has company every day, but his table is seldom laid
for more than twelve. This prevents all form and makes
the conversation general and unreserved. I happened
to sit next to Mr. Jefferson and was confirmed in my
prepossessions in his favour, by his easy, candid and gen-
tle manners. Before and after dinner Mrs. Cranch3 and
myself sat in the drawing-room with Mrs. M. and her
sister, whose social dispositions soon made us well ac-
quainted with each other. About six o'clock the gentle-
men joined us, but Mr. Jefferson's and Madison's
manners were so easy and familiar that they produced
no restraint. Never were there a plainer set of men, and
I think I may add a more virtuous and enlightened one,
than at present forms our administration. Genl. Dear-
born and Gallatin being in our neighbourhood, visit us
as neighbours. Mrs. Carrol, the neighbour I last men-
tioned, has grown quite attentive, within the last week,
she has spent an afternoon and morning with me, and
has at several times sent me salad and asparagus, and
what I still more highly value, large bunches of fine roses
and magnolias.
x Mrs. Smith's younger sister.
2 Anna Payne, who married Richard D. Cutts in 1804.
3 Wife of Judge William Cranch, then Junior Assistant Judge of the
Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.
3o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [July
TO MISS MARY ANN SMITH1
Washington City, July 5, 1801.
My Dear Sister.
Mr. Craven, a neighbour and acquaintance of ours,
departing for Phila. to-morrow, I cannot deny myself
the pleasure of passing a few minutes with you, chiefly
to draw a picture, which I know will give your patriotic
heart delight, a picture of Mr. Jefferson in which he was
exhibited to the best advantage. About 12 o'clock yes-
terday, the citizens of Washington and Geo. Town waited
upon the President to make their devoirs. I accompanied
Mr. Sumpter (?). We found about 20 persons present
in a room where sat Mr. J. surrounded by the five Chero-
kee chiefs. After a conversation of a few minutes, he
invited his company into the usual dining room, whose
four large sideboards were covered with refreshments,
such as cakes of various kinds, wine, punch, &c. Every
citizen was invited to partake, as his taste dictated, of
them, and the invitation was most cheerfully accepted,
and the consequent duties discharged with alacrity. The
company soon increased to near a hundred, including all
the public officers and most of the respectable citizens, and
strangers of distinction. Martial music soon announced
the approach of the marine corps of Capt. Burrows, who
in due military form saluted the President, accompanied
by the President's .March played by an excellent band at-
tached to the corps. After undergoing various military
evolutions, the company returned to the dining room, and
the band from an adjacent room played a succession of
fine patriotic airs. All appeared to be cheerful, all happy.
Mr. Jefferson mingled promiscuously with the citizens,
1 From Mr. Smith to his sister.
Thomas Jefferson, by Gilbert Stuart.
The property of T. Jefferson Coolidge.
i8oi] FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION 31
and far from designating any particular friends for con-
sultation, conversed for a short time with every one that
came in his way. It was certainly a proud day for him,
the honours of which he discharged with more than his
usual care. At 2 o'clock, after passing 2 hours in this
very agreeable way, the company separated. At 4 a
dinner was given at McMunn and Conrad's,1 where
all the civil and military officers attended, and a num-
ber of citizens, which, including the former, amounted
to about 50. Everything here was conducted with great
propriety, and it was not unamusing to see Mr. Gallatin,
Madison and Dearborn on one side directly opposite to
Mr. Meredith, Harrison, Steele, &c, on the other. It
was my good fortune to find myself next to Mr. Miller,
who was very polite and conversable. About dark I left
the company and joined a small party at Mrs. Law's,
who had assembled there to hear the music. Among
them we met Mrs. Clay, a charming little woman from
Richmond. Thus you see that we are here at least all
Republicans and all Federalists. I hope the same spirit
has animated you. At any rate I think our example will
be of some use in recommending General Lamory.
Yours affectionately,
S. H. S.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, July 21, 1801.
I never write with so much ease as when I answer a
letter immediately after its receipt. We then feel our
sentiments of affection enlivened, and all we write flows
from the heart. For 3 weeks or a month past, the
weather has been oppressively warm, and has had a
1 Boarding house near the Capitol.
32 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1801
greater effect on my mind than on my body. I have
felt indisposed to read or write, or converse, but from
necessity I have been very busy. At one time I was
entirely without help, and at all times with such bad help
that the comfort of the family depended on my activity.
One woman I dismissed on account of her excessive in-
temperance, and the old woman I took in her place is
such a scold that she is hated by all the family; but her
neatness and honesty reconciled me to her, and I was con-
gratulating myself on her good conduct, when last night,
on my return home, I found her, too, in a state of intoxi-
cation. But I am not so badly off as Mrs. Gallatin ; she
has still more wicked and profligate wretches about her.
I am uncommonly fortunate in having such a woman
as Mrs. Smith * at my command. During the time I was
without a servant, there was nothing that unasked she
did not do. I one morning found her on her knees
scrubbing the parlour. " This is what I would not do
for any other person living," said she. " And I do not
believe," answered I, " you would like to have done it,
had I asked you." " Indeed, you are mistaken, there is
nothing you could ask which I would not do." My plan
in regard to her is, for her to come about October and
assist in cleaning house, and in the necessary prepara-
tions for an approaching event. I shall prepare a large
room for her, in which she will sleep and sit, and in
which the two boys will eat and sit of an evening. They
are now so rude and troublesome at their meals, and in
their manners, that I promise myself they will be much
benefited by being with her. She is to make and mend
their clothes. She can make all Mr. S.'s except his coats,
and is likewise a good mantua-maker and seamstress.
She is to iron and clear starch, and when I am prevented
1 Her housekeeper for some years.
i8o2] FITS OF AGUE 33
by other duties from discharging the delightful cares of
a nurse, she is to take my place. In general, I shall
always choose to be nurse and house-keeper myself, and
to let her do the sewing of the family; for even if
she did not sew as well as I did, yet I have always been
of opinion that mistakes or negligence in this department
of household business was less disadvantageous to domes-
tic order and comfort, than in either the care of children,
or in economical arrangements. We are so much the
creatures of habit, that if possible I shall always, if
Providence blesses me with children, devote my time
chiefly to them, and as far as I can consistently with the
comfort of those around me, have them constantly in my
presence.
TO MISS SUSAN BAYARD SMITH
December 26, 1802.
. . . . Since my last letter to you, I have unex-
pectedly been in a good deal of company and have seen
much more than I designed. We have dined twice at
the President's, three times at Mr. Pichons, and they
have dined twice here, four times at Mrs. Tingeys and
once at Genl. Mason's (the Island Mason). I have
drank tea out three or four times and declined several
invitations to balls. I have often gone out with the
ague, sometimes with fever on me, so much has habit
done in reconciling me to this enemy. I know that noth-
ing will keep off the fit, and may as well have it in one
place as another. I very seldom now go to bed, but sit
up, or lie down on the sopha, have a bowl of tea and a
basin by me, and then give no one further trouble, but
take my fit with the greatest sang froid.
34 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1802
Madm. Pichon1 and myself are now on the most inti-
mate footing, every interview seems to have endeared us
to each other and I believe we mutually feel the affection
and confidence of old friends. The similarity of our
present situation, even as to the time, calls forth the same
hopes, the same anxieties. We have sat whole days
together and talked of nothing but the care of infants
and the education of children. She often comes and sits
the morning with me, and when we go there she sends
the carriage for us and sends us home again. Last Sun-
day, this day week, they dined here. Madm. P. came
between eleven and twelve and they staid till 9 in the
evening. — I ought to tell you a great deal about Mrs.
Randolph and Mrs. Eppes,2 who have both been with
their father for this month past. Mrs. Eppes is beauti-
ful, simplicity and timidity personified when in company,
but when alone with you of communicative and winning
manners. Mrs. R. is rather homely, a delicate likeness
of her father, but still more interesting than Mrs. E.
She is really one of the most lovely women I have ever
met with, her countenance beaming with intelligence,
benevolence and sensibility, and her conversation fulfils
all her countenance promises. Her manners, so frank
and affectionate, that you know her at once, and feel
perfectly at your ease with her. I have called twice of a
morning on them, they have been here three mornings
and they have promised to come and sit part of a morn-
ing with me, as I told them this was my only chance of
seeing them, as I did not give entertainments of which
they assured me they were heartily tired. I dined at the
1 Wife of Louis Andre* Pichon, French Charge* d' Affaires at Washington
from 1 80 1 to 1805.
3 Jefferson's daughter, Martha, married Thomas Mann Randolph; another,
Maria, married John Wayles Eppes. Both sons-in-law were able men and
represented Virginia in Congress.
i8o3] JEFFERSON'S DAUGHTERS 35
P.'s since they have been there and really passed a most
delightful day. Before dinner he conversed with me,
and after dinner for two hours I had an interesting con-
versation with Mrs. R. She gave me an account of all
her children, of the character of her husband and many
family anecdotes. She has that rare but charming ego-
tism which can interest the listener in all one's concerns.
I could have listened to her for two hours longer, but
coffee and the gentlemen entered and we were inter-
rupted. But I became almost as agreeably engaged with
the lovely Ellen, her daughter, without exception one of
the finest and most intelligent children I have ever met
with. She is singularly and extravagantly fond of
poetry ; I repeated to her Goldsmith's Hermit, which she
listened to with the most expressive countenance, her
eyes fixed on mine and her arms clasped close around me.
We became mutually attached to each other and I begged
Mrs. R. to let her spend a day with me. Her Mama
brought her the other morning and sent for her about
seven in the evening. She really was most charming
society for me. . . .
FROM SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH1
Washington, April 26, 1803. Saturday Evening.
Have just returned, my dearest Margaret, from a
dining party at Genl. Dearborn's, where I met with Mrs.
Madison and Mrs. Duval who, together with the ladies
of the house, enquired in a very friendly manner respect-
ing you and Julia. I have rarely spent more agreeable
hours at a dinner table. Air. Granger,2 who was present
1 Mrs. Smith was on a brief visit to her relatives at Brunswick.
2 Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, Postmaster General for thirteen years,
and an active politician all his life.
36 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Apr.
and who is a very agreeable man, after a few bottles of
champagne were emptied, on the observation of Mr.
Madison that it was the most delightful wine when drank
in moderation, but that more than a few glasses always
produced a headache the next day, remarked with point
that this was the very time to try the experiment, as the
next day being Sunday would allow time for a recovery
from its effects. The point was not lost upon the host
and bottle after bottle came in, without however I assure
you the least invasion of sobriety. Its only effects were
animated good humour and uninterrupted conversation.
Yesterday a most furious storm, attended with rain,
arose, and the temperature of the air from summer
heat, the mercury was at 83, was exchanged for that
of a piercing cold. You know how the rain beats and the
wind roars here. Recollecting the enthusiasm you feel
in such scenes I could not help wishing for your presence,
and when the awful rolling of thunder enhanced the
sublimity of the scene, that wish was increased. The
same storm however may have extended to Brunswick,
and while I was indulging these feelings, you may have
been thinking of me. Thus it is, my dearest friend, that
affection associates with those recollections it most de-
lights to cherish, every extraordinary incident. The pain-
ful idea of separation and distance is overcome by the
illusion produced by a community of thought with the
beloved object. It is thus that I often enjoy the purest
and the most complete satisfaction, that I inspire you to
be present, and thus congratulate myself on my delusion.
i8o3J POLITICAL APPOINTMENTS 37
TO MR. SAMUEL H. SMITH
[Brunswick] Tuesday, May 17, 1803.
. . . . I trust your interposition with Mr. Grain-
ger will prove equally effectual, or rather I am in hopes
that Col. Morgan's 1 assertion is not true. I have seldom
known anything provoke such indignation as the threat-
ened removal of the postmaster here. He is so good,
orderly and respectable a citizen, has performed the duties
of his office so punctually, is so obliging to the citizens
and so exact in his accounts, at the same time he is so
inoffensive in his manner and so moderate in his political
opinions, that it is impossible to believe he is discharged
for any fault of his, but only to provide for another man ;
that man is a stranger in Brunswick, is idle, contemptible
and intemperate, he has been for a long time dependent
on Col. Morgan, and has been a cause of much domestic
disquiet to his wife and family. I have all the feelings of
a republican about me and dread anything unjust and
offensive being done by a party I feel so much attached
to. The appointments already made in this place have
been very unfortunate, and I am sure if Mr. J. had not
been greatly deceived they never would have been made.
It is supposed that Mr. Grainger is now putting in as
many of his own party as he can, in order to influence the
elections; if he makes many changes without sufficient
reasons, will not he give too much ground for such a
suspicion? I cannot help feeling a deep interest in a
cause which you have embraced, and nothing but this
attachment would have induced me to say a word about
1 Probably Col. James Morgan, an officer of the Revolution and a promi-
nent Federalist. Jefferson's administration was on the spoils system. He
removed nearly all the Federalists from office and appointed none but
Republicans.
38 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [July
such matters in my letters to you. Tell me, I beg of you,
in your next letter, how my amiable friend, Madm.
Pichon, is. . . .
FROM SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH1
July 5, 1803, Washington.
. . . . By the by, what do you think of my going
to such an extent as to win 2 Doll, at Loo the first time
I ever played the game, and being the most successful at
the table? I confess I felt some mortification at putting
the money of Mrs. Madison and Mrs. Duval into my
pocket.2
Yesterday was a day of joy to our citizens and of
pride to our President. It is a day which you know he
always enjoys. How much more must he have enjoyed
it on this occasion from the great event that occasioned
it. The news of the cession of Louisiana only arrived
about 8 o'clock of the night preceding, just in time to be
officially announced on this auspicious day. Next to the
liberty of his country, peace is certainly the dearest to his
heart. How glad then must that heart be which with lov-
ing participancy in obtaining and securing the one, has
placed the other on an impregnable basis. This mighty
event forms an era in our history, and of itself must ren-
der the administration of Jefferson immortal. At an early
hour the city was alive, — a discharge of 18 guns salutej
the dawn, the military assembled exhibiting a martial
appearance, at 11 o'clock an oration was deld. by Capt.
Sprig (?) (well written but poorly pronounced), at 12
1 Mrs. Smith was in New York, visiting the family of Rev. Dr. John
Rodgers, whose daughter her eldest brother had married.
2 It will be discomforting to fashionable ladies of the present day who
play "bridge" for money to know that Mrs. Madison subsequently gave up
playing cards for stakes and was sorry she had ever indulged in the practice.
i8o3] FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION 39
company began to assemble at the President's; it was
more numerous than I have before marked it, enlivened
too by the presence of between 40 and 50 ladies clothed
in their best attire, cakes, punch, wine &c in profusion.
After partaking of these mingled pleasures the company
separated about 2, and at 3, the greater part assembled at
Stille's to the number of near 100. Before dinner I had
the honor of reading the declaration of independence;
pleased as I was with the distinction I confess I was not
sorry when it was over, not having been perfectly well for
a few days I was not without some apprehension of being
unable to perform the duty with decency, and tho' I did
not have the ambition to be eloquent, yet I felt anxious to
escape the implication of inability. As it happened, how-
ever, the reading went off very well, and I was compli-
mented for the precision and spirit with which it was deld.
and I was pleased with learning that not a word was
missed in the utmost parts of the room. Margaret, there
is no person on earth but yourself to whom I cd. speak so
frankly. Receive this very openness as a coincidence of
my unbounded confidence, confidence which nothing but
love and esteem strong as my heart entertains for its best
heaven, could inspire. At dinner our toasts were politics,
our songs convivial. At nine I left the company, part of
which remained, I believe, till day light. Mr. Granger
spoke to me of having seen you, without knowing you as
Mrs. S. tho' he was sure he had before seen you. I often
dwell pn the happiness I shall derive from Julia on your
return, the novelty of which will render it irresistibly cap-
tivating. A few months must have given her a new exis-
tence, and widened the budding powers of her heart and
mind a thousand times more interesting. When we do
meet again, my dearest wife, we shall indeed be happy.
Farewell.
4o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [July
TO SAML. HARRISON SMITH
Friday, July 8, [1803] New York.1
Perhaps this letter may reach you, if it does it will
assure you of my participation in your satisfaction on the
interesting event which has occurred. Your letter this
morning induces me to believe that the whole of Louisiana
is ceded, whereas my federal friends here will have it,
that only the Island of New Orleans is given up. I have
been sending about for the National Intelligencer, but
could not find it. I long to see your enunciation of this
matter and to ascertain what is true. Every one seems
to rely on what you assert as the truth ; but charge you
with being silent on Mr. Livingston's merit in this affair,
and your wishing to give the glory to Mr. Munroe, while
on the contrary it is believed here that the latter had
nothing to do with it.2 Even Mr. Jefferson is supposed
to have had little or no agency and this act on the part
of the French is supposed to result from their war with
Britain. It is said that when Mr. King expressed his
uneasiness at the conduct of the Spanish intendant, the
english ministry assured him he need be in no ways
anxious, because war would soon take place, in which
case the British would immediately take possession of
Lous'na, and as they would be our neighbours and friends,
we need have no apprehensions about the French. On
this information, Mr. King wrote the same to Livingston
who urged this to the French administration, as a motive
for giving up that territory to us, thereby preventing their
enemy from gaining such a valuable territory and such
1 Mrs. Smith was visiting her sister, Mrs. Samuel Boyd.
2 Monroe had nothing to do with it. The negotiations were entirely
completed before he arrived in France.
Samuel Harrison Smith, founder of The National Intelligencer.
After the portrait by Charles Bird King.
i8o3] CESSION OF LOUISIANA 41
an accession of strength; this proved effectual and the
whole transaction was settled before Munroe arrived.
The first news of this event gave me great joy, as I
had heard Mr. J's. conduct in preferring negotiation to
invasion, brought as a new proof of timidity and when I
had ventured to say it arose from love of peace, they
quite laughed me to scorn, and said it was cowardice
alone. I did not know the interest I felt in political con-
cerns, until lately, and this event has given me such real
satisfaction that were you to hear me, you would not
again tax me with indifference. I have reserved all my
political; thoughts and observations for conversation.
Your letter was quite interesting. I thought of you all
day on the fourth of July and wished most heartily to be
with you at the Presidents. I believe I feel more highly
gratified by any mark of respect shown to you, than you
can yourself. I felt very anxious to hear how you de-
livered the piece you speak of, and thought I should have
trembled with anxiety had I been near you. Dear hus-
band it is your modesty only, that could induce you to
think it such a mark of confidence, to tell me that you
were approved of. But let the motive be what it will, I
entreat you ever to repose this kind of confidence in your
wife, who feels far more gratified by every testimony of
regard towards you, than those paid to herself. Never
then, my best friend, conceal from me, what will give
me more pleasure than anything else. Tomorrow week,
I expect dearest husband to be again in your arms ! Yes
indeed we shall be happy. I pray you let nothing inter-
fere to disappoint us. I feel a kind of dread about me,
and your mentioning that you were not very well, makes
me fear that illness may detain you. I yesterday pur-
chased a certain cure for the ague for you. I shall come
home with two or three infallable medicines and hope if I
42 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1803
am with you, to prevent your suffering from this depress-
ing disease. I did not half like the idea of your [illegi-
ble] but I will scold you when I see you, and my chiding
will not be very severe. I have for more than a week
past sung Julia to sleep with these words, "Papa is com-
ing to bring Julia some cakes." ....
TO MISS MARY ANN SMITH
Washington, Monday night. [1803.]
Here I am my dear sisters, once more safely and hap-
pily seated at home. I have no time to write tomorrow,
so that this letter must serve for my Philadelphia and my
Brunswick Julia and sisters. I was so completely fa-
tigued this morning that I could not write, and now steal
an hour that should be devoted to repose. Tomorrow I
shall be wholy engaged in making provision for my coun-
try residence, to which I shall repair on Wednesday
morning. Our ride from Phila. to Lancaster was horri-
bly fatiguing, I never experienced anything like it, and if
crying could have done any good, I should have followed
Julia's example and have cried all the way. At Lancaster
we had a miserable dinner which altho' hungry we could
scarcely eat ; it was the same case at supper ; we supped at
the Susquehanah. Julia slept profoundly, and we nearly
as well ; rose at three next morning, travelled all day over
good roads thro' a beautiful country, Julia playful and
good, excellent provision, a ravenous appetite, and fine
spirits. At 6 we arrived at Frederick town, but little
tired, after riding 75 miles. At supper we met several
very agreeable people, among the rest Mr. Randolph1
(of Congress) Mr. Taylor, an acquaintance of your
1 John Randolph, of Roanoke.
i8o3] RETURN TO WASHINGTON 43
Brothers, a man of some talent, polite manners, but
desultory habits of life.
Mr. Randolph conversed most agreeably until 10
o'clock, when I withdrew from his agreeable society and
soon lost ourselves in sweet and refreshing slumbers.
After breakfast next morning we had a call from Mr.
and Mrs. Beckly, who are on their way to Bath. At nine
we left F. in a private carriage in which Mr. B. had come
the day before. Mr. Taylor who resides in this place,
came with us. He was a most entertaining companion,
a perfect poetical miscellany; there was no subject on
which he could not quote fine lines of poetry. Homer,
Virgil, Tasso, Ariosto, Milton, Goldsmith, Pope, Waller,
and twenty others, contributed to our entertainment.
The sun was shaded with clouds, the breeze cool and
refreshing. The scenery romantic and wild beyond any
we had seen. We arrived at Montgomery court house
at three o'clock, when it began to rain, and continued to
rain until evening. This did not much impede our jour-
ney and we arrived safely at home at 10 oclock. Mrs.
Smith was a bed, but Milly was looking out of the win-
dow. On perceiving us, she screamed out ''There's Mis-
tress; there's Mistress," and flew half wild with joy to
receive us; she danced, capered and followd in most ex-
travagant manner; Mrs. Smith soon run down and dem-
onstrated much more joy than I imagined she could feel.
We got tea, with which Julia was delighted. You never
saw a little creature so frolicsome as she has been ever
since we left Lancaster. She slept almost half the time,
laughd and danced the other half. All this day I have
been resting. I found the house in perfect order, the
parlour set off with oak boughs, curtains white as snow ;
and all neat as wax work. At five this afternoon we got
a hack, and visited our retreat. I shall not pretend now
44 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
to describe it. All I will say is that I am delighted with
it. A good house on the top of a high hill, with high
hills all around it, embower'd in woods, thro' an opening
of which the Potomack, its shores and Mason's Island
are distinctly seen. I have never been more charmingly
surprised than on seeing this retreat, but enough of it by
and by. We go there on Wednesday. On my way
home I called on Madam Pechon. On seeing her, I be-
lieve, I have seen one of the happiest of human beings.
She had her little son in her arms, which however did not
impede her hastening to embrace me. I was affected to
tears. I folded her to my bosom, with sensations of
almost equal pleasure with which I embraced my dearest
sisters. She is perfectly well, so is her son, so is her
spouse. My friend expressed what I must believe to be
true pleasure on seeing me. I have already promised to
be almost a daily visitor. But I must stop. When I get
among my little mountains and towering woods, I shall
write you wonderful letters. My kindest love to Papa
and all my other excellent friends.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Monday, January 23, 1804.
. . . . My family affairs go on pretty well ; I have
an old woman in the kitchen as a drudge, for she cannot
cook ; I have a miserably idle dirty girl as a waiter, whom
I shall get rid of as soon as possible. Milly is my stand
bye, she cleans the house, makes beds, irons, clear
starches, and attends Julia while I am in the kitchen,
which is two or three hours every day, as I cook every
dinner that is eat by the family and have even to assist
in dishing up dinner. I have had a fine little girl of 5
i8o4J BALLS AND DINNER PARTIES 45
yrs old bound to me by Dr. Willis. While I work, she
plays with Julia and keeps her quiet, she is gay, good
temper'd and well behaved, Julia is extremely fond of
her, and she of Julia ; and I hope to have some comfort in
her. Since Mrs. S. left me I have totally neglected
musick, reading and writing, and altho' I sew all the
morning and evening, yet the interruptions from com-
pany, from family calls, from Julia &c are so frequent,
that I found my work go behind hand, and Mr. Smith
who is always urging me to resume my old employments,
has induced me to get a woman to work whenever it was
necessary. I had to get over my pique to Mrs. Jones and
she is now working for me. I give her 12s. 6d. pr week
and shall get her to do all my large work in the course
of a week or two and shall then have leisure for my little
things. It is so entirely the custom to visit of a morning
here, that if we keep up any intercourse with society, our
mornings are most of them sacrificed. Of an evening
some one or more of the gentlemen of congress are al-
ways here. This, my dear sister, is an unprofitable way
of life; but there is no alternative in this place, between
gay company and parties and perfect solitude. Since my
last letters, we have been at a large and splendid ball at
Mr. Robt. Smith's,1 a dining party at Md'm Pichon's, a
card party at Mrs. Gallatins, at Mr. Beckley's,2 and at Mr.
Van Ness's3 and at the city assembly. Mrs. R. Smith's
was by far the most agreeable. Mrs. Merry4 was there
1 Secretary of the Navy, a man of wealth and fashion.
2 John Beckley, of Virginia, Clerk of the House of Representatives, an
active political agent for the Southern Republicans.
3 John Peter Van Ness, of Kinderhook, N. Y., member of Congress in
1 80 1, lost his seat in 1803 bv accepting the post of Major in the Militia of
the District of Columbia. He married Marcia Burns in 1802, and from her
acquired a large fortune. Latrobe built him a splendid house and he and
his beautiful wife entertained lavishly for many years.
4 Wife of Anthony Merry, British Minister. She made an international
question of her right to go in to dinner at the White House on the President's
arm.
46 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1804
and her dress attracted great attention; it was brilliant
and fantastic, white satin with a long train, dark blue
crape of the same length over it and white crape drapery
down to her knees and open at one side, so thickly cover'd
with silver spangles that it appear'd to be a brilliant silver
tissue ; a breadth of blue crape, about four yards long, and
in other words a long shawl, put over her head, instead
of over her shoulders and hanging down to the floor, her
hair bound tight to her head with a band like her drapery,
with a diamond crescent before and a diamond comb be-
hind, diamond ear-rings and necklace, displayed on a bare
bosom. She is a large, tall well-made woman, rather
masculine, very free and affable in her manners, but easy
without being graceful. She is said to be a woman of
fine understanding and she is so entirely the talker and
actor in all companies, that her good husband passes quite
unnoticed ; he is plain in his appearance and called rather
inferior in understanding. I am half tempted to enter
into details of our city affairs and personages, but really
I shall have to be so scandalous, that I am affraid of
amusing you at such a risk. But certainly there is no
place in the United States where one hears and sees so
many strange things, or where so many odd characters
are to be met with. But of Mad'm 1 1 think it no
harm to speak the truth. She has made a great noise
here, and mobs of boys have crowded round her splendid
equipage to see what I hope will not often be seen in this
country, an almost naked woman. An elegant and select
party was given to her by Mrs. Robt. Smith ; her appear-
ance was such that it threw all the company into confusion,
and no one dar'd to look at her but by stealth ; the win-
dow shutters being left open, a crowd assembled round
the windows to get a look at this beautiful little creature,
1 A well-known American woman, the wife of a foreigner.
i8o5] SCANDALOUS DRESSING 47
for every one allows she is extremely beautiful. Her
dress was the thinnest sarcenet and white crepe without
the least stiffening in it, made without a single plait in the
skirt, the width at the bottom being made of gores ; there
was scarcely any waist to it and no sleeves ; her back, her
bosom, part of her waist and her arms were uncover'd
and the rest of her form visible. She was engaged the
next evening at Madm P's, Mrs. R. Smith and several
other ladies sent her word, if she wished to meet them
there, she must promise to have more clothes on. I was
highly pleased with this becoming spirit in our ladies.
Mrs. Moreton, of whom you have heard me speak, re-
ceived the visit of and his lady in bed. No one
however follow'd the fashion they wished to set. I
could write many more such anecdotes, but this is enough
for one letter.
FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON
Th: Jefferson presents his respectful compliments to
Mrs. Smith, and being charged with those of a distant
friend of hers, he cannot give better evidence of them
than her own letter, which he incloses with his salutations.
July 10, 05.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, December 6th, 1805 Thursday.
. . . . Friday morning. Maria is seated at her
writing table in my room, and I have the stand placed
beside the fire in the parlour and the children playing
round me. I shall accustom myself to write and read
with them in the room and I shall soon find it easy, tho'
at present, it somewhat disturbs me I tell Maria she may
48 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1805.
remain at her writing table until 12, the rest of the day we
will pass together. Mrs. Potts does extremely well at
present, my man John is neither one of the best nor one
of the worst of waiters, and is so good natured there is
no scolding him, and my kitchen work goes on sure and
slow. I have never since I lived in Washington been so
comfortably and agreeably fixed. Mrs. P. is very at-
tentive to the children and does a great deal of sewing.
When I rise I always find the parlour in neat order, a
good fire, breakfast ready. I have made a few reforms
in house-keeping, — one is rising a little after 7, and hav-
ing breakfast precisely at 8, the other baking my own
bread. I have had a close stove put up in the kitchen,
which saves one half of the wood that used to be con-
sumed; we cook entirely on it. Our standing dinner is
one dish of meat, two of vegetables, and soup, and the
stove exactly holds these. We have hot rolls for break-
fast and biscuit or other little cakes for tea. Our wood
yard is filled from our farm, our garden has afforded a
sufficient supply of vegetables, and occasionally butter ; I
go to market myself once or twice a week, in fine, every-
thing is as it should be and my only wish is that no change
may occur. Maria I suppose mentioned that my good
Mrs. Doyne kept a boarding house. I have interested
myself very much for her and recommend her to Mr. Bar-
low,1 he has taken a parlour and bed room which are very
neatly furnished, and the stable, — he pays her 40 dollars
a week for himself, wife and 2 servants, besides them she
has 10 gentlemen at 10 dollars a week only for board and
lodging, as they find fuel, candles, etc. and so I think she
will do very well. We have all the surrounding houses
filled, but I have not yet become acquainted with many of
1 Joel Barlow, poet, literary man and diplomatist, moved soon after this
to Kalorama, a handsome estate north of the citv.
!8o6] MR. LAW'S POEM 49
my new neighbours. Dr. Mitchell1 lives directly opposite
and we have several ladies next door. We passed a very
agreeable evening at Mrs. Gallatin's. The Turks amused
our eyes. I have had so much running about this morn-
ing, salting away beef, &c, that I am not in much of a
letter-writing mood, but delays are dangerous. While
we were at breakfast this morning, a large parcel was
brought in, with a note from Mr. Law.2 The roll, when
untied, proved to be his poem — Agitation, submitted to
my ladyship's judgement. Maria was delighted, as she
had been quite anxious to see it, having heard Mr. N's
account of it ; if worth copying, you shall have it. I ex-
pect we shall be favoured with occasional visits from the
muses this winter as we have two or three voluntarys
in our vicinity, Dr. B. and Dr. M. Dr. Barlow is so
thoughtful and absent in company, that I cannot yet say
what I think of him. My pen drags so heavily along, and
my thoughts are so drawn off by my little Sue, who is beg-
ging to be taken up, that I must lay this sheet aside for
another occasion, tho' I am sensible what I have said,
is not satisfactory. I intended my dear sister to have
answer 'd your letter more fully, but am disappointed.
Adieu.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Sydney,3 May 4, 1806, Sunday.
. . . . On Sunday morning Mrs. Randolph and
Madison called and I promised to take tea with Mrs. R.
in the evening. We found no company, and all the fam-
1 Samuel L. Mitchill, the scientist, then a Senator from New York.
2 Mr. Law wrote a great deal of vers de socieU, which was much admired
by his friends. Fortunately little of it has been preserved.
3 Their country place which they bought in 1804. It occupied the tract
a part of which is now the Catholic University of America, adjoining the
grounds of the Soldiers' Home. Its name when Mr. Smith bought it was
Turkey Thicket. He sold it in 1835 for $12,000.
5o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [May
ily were out, but Mr. J. and Mrs. R. She was seated
by him on a sopha and all her lovely children playing
around them. With what delight did I contemplate this
good parent, and while I sat looking at him playing with
these infants, one standing on the sopha with its arms
round his neck, the other two youngest on his knees, play-
ing with him, I could scarcely realise that he was one of
the most celebrated men now living, both as a Politician
and Philosopher. He was in one of his most communi-
cative and social moods, and after tea, when the children
went to bed, the conversation turned on agriculture, gar-
dening, the differences of both in different countries and
of the produce of different climates. This is one of the
most favorite pursuits and indeed the conversation the
whole evening turned on his favorite subjects. I was
seated on the sopha which he and Mrs. R. occupied and
Mr. Smith close by me, and almost fronting him. You
know the effect of such a disposition of places on the free
flow of conversation, and I am certain that had he been
on the other side of the chimney we should not have
heard half as much. There are five cons necessary to
make a good fire, and there are at least two, to kindle
the warmth and animation of social intercourse, contigu-
ity and congruity. The evening passed delightfully and
rapidly away, and I felt quite ashamed to find it almost
ten when we rose to depart. Mr. J. gave me some win-
ter melon-seed from Malta, he doubts whether it will
come to perfection here, on account of the early frosts,
so it will not do for Brunswick. . . .
i8o6] VISIT FROM THE MADISONS 51
TO MISS SUSAN B. SMITH
Washington, July 31, 1806 Thursday Evening.
. . . . Last Sunday1 while I had my little flock
around me, the noise of carriages drew us to the door
and Mr. and Mrs. Madison, Dr. and Mrs. Thornton and
Mrs. B.2 came to spend the evening. Mrs. M. was all
that was tender, affectionate and attractive as usual;
Mr. M. was in one of his most sportive moods, the Dr.
in his philosophical and the ladies disposed to be pleased.
The afternoon was passed sans ceremonie, they sat on
the benches beneath the trees, swung in the hammoch,
walked about and Mrs. T. led the way through the
kitchen to look at my milk house ; she was so pleased that
she called the Dr., and he so pleased he called all the
rest, and so my milk house underwent the inspection of
the secretary, the phylosopher and the good ladies. It
was in nice order with about a dozen or fifteen large
pans of milk ranged around ; Sukey, who was sitting on
the steps cutting smoked beef, was quite proud of their
praise. I, as a country woman ought to do, set out
my large table, with nice white cloth, plates, knives,
home made bread, &c. &c. My butter which was as
hard as in the middle of winter, was highly praised and
when Mrs. Thornton observed my woman made excel-
lent butter, I realy felt a sensation of pride, which I do
not often feel, in telling her it was my own making and
that since the first of May, I had never missed churn-
ing but once. You can not think what a right down
farmer's wife I am, but next winter will I hope con-
vince you, that at least I am a good dairy maid, as you
will eat of the fine butter I pack away. I have made
*At Sidney.
2 Mrs. Bordeaux, Mrs. Thornton's mother.
52 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
about 60 lbs. this summer and have packed near 30 away.
I tell you these little nothings, dear Susan, to bring you
amongst us in fancy at least ; ah, how I wish you were
here in reality! Surely the country is as favorable to
the health of the soul as to that of the body, for never
do I feel the power of my mind so active, or the affections
of my heart so warm as when surrounded by the works of
nature. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, Feb. 9, 1808.
. . . . Well, I shall never grow any older, I really
think, and it appears to me both a moral and physical im-
possibility that 30 years have passed since I was born. I
wish I had you at Washington a little while and you
would not think Aunt Margaret the only strange per-
sonage in the world. The other evening Susan and I
were very much diverted by two most venerable senators,
who came to drink tea with us. I perceived Judge R.
minutely surveying the forte pianno, and supposed he
might be fond of musick, so asked Susan to play for
them. When she took her seat, they both drew nigh
and what I supposed to be attention marked on their
countenances, I afterwards found out to be astonishment,
for I believe it was the first time they had seen or heard
such a thing. They looked and looked, felt all over the
outside, peeped in where it was open, and seemed so curi-
ous to know how the sound was produced, or whence it
came, that I beged Susan to open the lid and to display the
internal machinery. Never did I see children more de-
lighted. "Dear me," said the judge, "how pretty those
1 It appears to be "Judge R" in the MS., but there was no Senator who
fills the description. Perhaps Mrs. Smith meant Senator Buckner Thurs-
ton, of Kentucky, as one of the backwoodsmen.
i8o8] BACKWOODS SENATORS 53
white and red things jump up and down, dear me what a
parcel of wires, strange that a harp with a thousand
strings should keep in tune so long." "Pray," said the
other senator, "have you any rule to play musick ?" We
tried to explain how the keys were the representatives of
the notes, they did not seem to comprehend, supposing all
Susan's sweet melody was drawn by chance or random
from this strange thing. When the examination was
over, they both said it was a very pretty thing. The
same good judge, the other day went up to General
Turreau in the senate, surveyed him from head to foot,
lifted up the flaps of his coat all covered with gold em-
broidery, asked him the use of the gold tassels on his
boots, what was such a thing and such a thing and how
much it all might cost, all which the general very good
humourdly answered. Do not think now these good men
are fools, far from it, they are very sensible men and
useful citizens, but they have lived in the back woods,
thats all. If you have read my letters, you will have seen
Capt. Pike1 mentioned as one of the most agreeable
young men who visited here. Well, here we were teas-
ing Susan about him, (and in fact it would not have been
a surprising thing if an impression had been made on
her heart) when lo and behold he the other day told us
he was a married man and had a daughter as big as
Julia. For his sport, he had been masquerading here
all winter, and was a favorite beau among all the belles.
Poor Susan can hardly get over it, but her forte-pianno
will make her forget every thing else I believe, for she
does little else but play. I am in such a scribbling mood
dear Mary, that I could have rilled a folio sheet for you,
had I not been affraid of frightening you from our pro-
1 Zebulon Montgomery Pike, the explorer, had made his expedition into
the Louisiana Territory the year before.
54 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
posed correspondence. But you must take me for better
or worse, folios and quarto's, prose or verse, nonsense or
much sense, gaiety or dullness, but always warmly and
unchangeably,
Affectionately and sincerely your friend
Love to all our friends.
TO MISS SUSAN BAYARD SMITH
Saturday, 26 February [1809].
Mr. Hauto was a very welcome visitor to us all. He
left his packages first and called an hour or two after-
wards, wisely conjecturing that they would pave the way
to a welcome. He came about 1 oclock, between two
and three he arose to take his leave, but I begged he
would sit still and take his dinner with us. At four, Mr.
Smith came home and brought Caleb Lowndes with him.
"I have come to take my dinner with you without your
knowing anything about it," said he, "You will be the
only sufferer by that," I replied : "but I never make appol-
ogies to Philosophers, and I mean to treat you, Mr.
Hauto, as well as Mr. Lowndes as a philosopher. I al-
ways take it for granted they are such intellectual beings,
that they care but little for the gross articles of food and
drink, and that you prefer the feast of reason and the
flow of soul, to all the ragouts and champagne a prince
could give, and then," continued I, shaking the hand Mr.
Lowndes still held, "I will give you what is a rarity even
in Palaces, a cordial welcome." "And that," said Mr.
L. "is a sauce which will give a relish to the plainest
food." After this preface, which seemed as the first
course for the feast of reason, we sat down to our roast
beef, cold veal, peas, porridge, &c with good appetites and
i8o9] "INDIAN PUDDING" 55
had a desert of indian pudding season'd with some wit
and a great deal of mirth and good humour. Mr. Hauto
to our great entertainment, had some difficulty in making
way with his indian pudding and molasses, but when I
assured him that this dish was immortalized by the great-
est poet of our country, he made out to mortalize it.1 I
like Mr. Hauto very well and shall say more of him in my
letter to Maria, if it does not go all out of my head. I
like this Caleb Lowndes2 very much Susan, and I am
sure Mary would like him prodigiously. I mean to give
him a packet to you and desire him to call and see you
all.
Yes, Susan, I do indeed feel sorry when I think that
we are soon to lose our dear good President. You
know mine is not a common regard, that I not only ven-
erate and admire his character, but am personally at-
tached to him, — his long visit last autumn in the country,
in which I had a tete-a-tete of more than two hours ; and
in which the conversation was free and various and I
might say confidential, has made me more intimately ac-
quainted than ever. The notes which on several occa-
sions I have received from him I treasure up among my
most precious relics. When he has gone, Washington
will not be Washington to me. I cannot think of his de-
parture without tears. I do love him, with all my heart
I love him, but this letter is to lay by me for the weeks
journal and here I am filling it already. We have been
very gay lately, — last night made the 7th or 8th ball this
winter, besides a great many card parties. We had a
large and agreeable one at Mrs. Thornton's last week. I
have been tired of them for some time, but the girls do
not seem inclined to miss one. To them they have still
10 Hasty Pudding" was the title of the poem, and the "greatest poet"
was Joel Barlow!
2 A Philadelphian; not of the South Carolina family.
56 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
the charm of novelty. Well, I will stop now and write
a little every day this week.
Sunday morning. I left off about four o'clock yester-
day, soon afterwards we dined, the table was just cleared
away and I seated with Mordaunt in hand, when Caleb
Lowndes came in, as he often does to take his dinner with
us. I set the little table out for him and soon mustered
up a comfortable dinner, and afterwards we sat and con-
versed by firelight until Mr. Pederson1 came, lights were
then brought in, Mr. Smith soon after came home with
the two Mr. Brent's.2 The girls had both gone up to
the house, as Congress was still in session. About 9
oclock Mrs. Bayard came in, and Mr. P. and she alter-
nately had several games of chess. This morning Mr. P.
came to go with us to church, and we had nearly reached
the Capitol when we met Mr. Coles3 who told us there
was no church. So we turned back and Mr. P. has been
sitting these two hours with me and for want of conversa-
tion, I made him read to me. All this has so deranged
my ideas and so I will write no more at present.
Thursday. Monday, tuesday, Wednesday, is it possi-
ble three days already gone ? And all in company, in a
desultory way. On Monday morning, Mr. de Calve, Mr.
Pederson, and 7 or 8 ladies, took up all the time until
dinner. In the evening it rained, but that did not hinder
our going; to Mrs. Gallatin's, where we had a squeeze, of
all our grandees. I procured a seat next Mrs. Wharton,
which always ensures me a pleasant evening ; Genl. Tur-
reau,4 was there in all the splendor of gold and diamonds ;
1 Peter Pederson, Consul and Charge" d'Affaires of Denmark. He married
in 1820 Ann Caroline Smith, of Charleston, daughter of William Laughton
Smith, Representative in Congress.
2 The Mayor of Washington was then Robert Bent, but there were several
of the family, a large one, who would have been likely to visit Mrs. Smith.
3 Jefferson's Private Secretary.
4 The French minister, a marshal of France.
1809] DANCE AT CAPTAIN TINGEY'S 57
he took a chair next to me and had a long talk ; he said he
had been often wishing this winter to visit me of an eve-
ning but we had so many politics at our house, he was
afraid a Frenchman might be a restraint. The next
morning, after school was over, I went to Mrs. Bayard's *
and passed the morning with her. A stormy evening
prevented every one but Mr. Pederson from coming.
We passed the evening soberly at chess. On Wednesday
morning the weather was delicious. I went with the
girls and Mr. and Mrs. Jenkinson to the barracks, the
fineness of the weather, the gay appearance of the sol-
diers and the delightful musick, animated every one, but
particularly the children. We then went to the Navy
Yard, through the vessels, and then to the new-Bridge,
over the Potomack. It was near four oclock when we
reached home. This spring day awakened all my rural
feelings and makes me impatient for the country. • In
the evening we went to Capt. Tingey's where we had a
charming dance. I am wearied, positively wearied with
company and shall enjoy the solitude of the country as
much as any one ever did rest after fatigue. The city is
thronged with strangers. Yesterday we saw 4 or 5 car-
riages-and-four come in and already two have passed
this morning. The Miss Carrols, Miss Chases, Miss
Cooks, and I dont know how many more misses have
come from Baltimore. There are parties every night,
and the galleries. are crowded in the morning. Ah, my
dear Susan, a stormy day in the country, with you to read
to me while I worked, I should prefer to any scene how-
ever gay. Had we a house that would admit it, I should
this week have a great deal of company; as it is, I can
see them only of an evening. This sheet is full. I must
go to Mrs. [illegible]. Adieu.
1 Mrs. James A. Bayard presumably.
58 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
TO MISS SUSAN B. SMITH
Saturday, March, 1809.
I have just returned from the solemn and affecting
scenes of this day, — to many they were scenes of great-
ness, gaiety, and exultation. To me they were melan-
choly. My heart is oppressed, my dearest Susan with a
weight of sadness, and my eyes are so blinded with tears
that I can scarcely trace these lines. It is some pleasure
to me to write to you who participate in my sentiments
of affectionate veneration for this best of men. For the
last time I have seen him in his own house. He is
happy, he has enjoyed all his country can bestow of great-
ness and honor, he could enjoy no more were he to re-
main in office his whole life time. He only lays down an
irksome burden, but carries with him an increase of pop-
ularity, of esteem and love. He goes to be happy with-
out ceasing to be great. I ought to rejoice, too, but when
I think of what we are to lose, I forget what he is to gain.
To-day after the inauguration, we all went to Mrs. Madi-
son's. The street was full of carriages and people, and
we had to wait near half an hour, before we could get in,
— the house was completely filled, parlours, entry, drawing
room and bed room. Near the door of the drawing room
Mr. and Mrs. Madison stood to receive their company.
She looked extremely beautiful, was drest in a plain cam-
brick dress with a very long train, plain round the neck
without any handkerchief, and beautiful bonnet of purple
velvet, and white satin with white plumes. She was all
dignity, grace and affability. Mr. Madison shook my
hand with all the cordiality of old acquaintance but it was
when I saw our dear and venerable Mr. Jefferson that my
heart beat. When he saw me, he advanced from the
,869] MADISON'S INAUGURATION 59
crowd, took my hand affectionately and held it five or six
minutes ; one of the first things he said was, "Remember
the promise you have made me, to come to see us next
summer, do not forget it," said he, pressing my hand, "for
we shall certainly expect you." I assured him I would
not, and told him I could now wish him joy with much
more sincerity than this day 8 years ago. "You have
now resigned a heavy burden," said I. "Yes indeed" he
replied "and am much happier at this moment than my
friend." The crowd was immense both at the Capitol
and here, thousands and thousands of people thronged the
avenue. The Capitol presented a gay scene. Every inch
of space was crowded and there being as many ladies as
gentlemen, all in full dress, it gave it rather a gay than
a solemn appearance, — there was an attempt made to
appropriate particular seats for the ladies of public char-
acters, but it was found impossible to carry it into effect,
for the sovereign people would not resign their privileges
and the high and low were promiscuously blended on the
floor and in the galleries.
Mr. Madison was extremely pale and trembled ex-
cessively when he first began to speak, but soon gained
confidence and spoke audibly. From the Capitol we
went to Mrs. M's., and from there to Mr. Jefferson's. I
there again conversed a few minutes ; Mr. Smith told him
the ladies would follow him, "That is right," said he,
"since I am too old to follow them. I remember in
France when his friends were taking leave of Dr. Frank-
lin, the ladies smothered him with embraces and on his
introducing me to them as his successor, I told him I
wished he would transfer these privileges to me, but
he answered 'You are too young a man.' " Did not this
imply, Susan, that now this objection was removed? I
had a great inclination to tell him so.
6o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Max.
Sunday morning. Well, my dear Susan, the chapter
draws to a close. Last night concluded the important
day, on which our country received a new magistrate.
To a philosopher, who while he contemplated the scene,
revolved past ages in his mind, it must have been a
pleasing sight. A citizen, chosen from among his equals,
and quietly and unanimously elevated to a power, which
in other countries and in all ages of the world has cost
so much blood to attain ! Would the size of a letter allow
of it, I would allow my pen to follow the current of
thought, but to a reflecting mind, which can withdraw it-
self from the interests and desires of life, which can
ascend for a little while to another life, and look down
upon this, the differences of rank, grandeur, power, are
inequalities of condition, as imperceptible as those the
traveller discerns in the valley, when he looks down upon
it from the summit of the Alps. The tallest tree of the
valley, does not then appear higher than the little shrubs
it shelters. The storms roll harmless beneath his feet,
clouds which darken those below, obstruct not his view
of the sun, and while the inhabitants of the valley are dis-
tressed and terrified by the strife of the elements, he
enjoys perpetual sunshine.
Thus have I endeavored to raise my own mind, and
to contemplate the scenes that are acted before me.
Sometimes I can gain this abstraction, but oftener, all
the weaknesses, the vanities, the hopes and fears of this
vain show, level me with the lowest of earthly minds. .
Last evening, I endeavored calmly to look on, and
amidst the noise, bustle and crowd,1 to spend an hour or
two in sober reflection, but my eye was always fixed on
our venerable friend, when he approached my ear listened
xThis was the first Inauguration Ball. See for an account of it The
Century for March, 1905.
z8o9] THE INAUGURATION BALL 61
to catch every word and when he spoke to me my heart
beat with pleasure. Personal attachment produces this
emotion, and I did not blame it. But I have not this
regard for Mr. Madison, and I was displeased at feeling
no emotion when he came up and conversed with me.
He made some of his old kind of mischievous allusions,
and I told him I found him still unchanged.1 I tried in
vain to feel merely as a spectator, the little vanities of my
nature often conquered my better reason. The room
was so terribly crowded that we had to stand on the
benches ; from this situation we had a view of the moving
mass ; for it was nothing else. It was scarcely possible to
elbow your way from one side to another, and poor Mrs.
Madison was almost pressed to death, for every one
crowded round her, those behind pressing on those be-
fore, and peeping over their shoulders to have a peep of
her, and those who were so fortunate as to get near
enough to speak to her were happy indeed. As the
upper sashes of the windows could not let down, the
glass was broken, to ventilate the room, the air of which
had become oppressive, but here I begin again at the
end of the story. Well, to make up for it I will begin at
the beginning. When we went there were not above 50
persons in the room, we were led to benches at the upper
fire place. Not long afterwards, the musick struck up
Jefferson's March, and he and Mr. Coles entered. He
spoke to all whom he knew, and was quite the plain, un-
assuming citizen. Madison's March was then played and
Mrs. Madison led in by one of the managers and Mrs.
Cutts and Mr. Madison, she was led to the part of the
room where we happened to be, so that I accidently was
1 In public life and as a writer, James Madison was the most solemn of
men. In private life he was an incessant humorist, and at home at Mont-
pelier used to set his table guests daily into roars of laughter over his stories
and whimsical way of telling them.
62 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
placed next her. She looked a queen. She had on a
pale buff colored velvet, made plain, with a very long
train, but not the least trimming, and beautiful pearl
necklace, earrings and bracelets. Her head dress was a
turban of the same coloured velvet and white satin (from
Paris) with two superb plumes, the bird of paradise
feathers. It would be absolutely impossible for any one
to behave with more perfect propriety than she did. Un-
assuming dignity, sweetness, grace. It seems to me that
such manners would disarm envy itself, and conciliate
even enemies. The managers presented her with the
first number, — "But what shall I do with it," said she, "I
do not dance." "Give it to your neighbor," said Capt.
Tingey. "Oh no," said she, "that would look like par-
tiality." "Then I will," said the Capt. and he presented
it to Mrs. Cutts. I really admired this in Mrs. M. Ah,
why does she not in all things act with the same propri-
ety? She would be too much beloved if she added all
the virtues to all the graces. She was led to supper by
the French Minister,1 Mrs. Cutts by the English Minis-
ter,2 she sat at the centre of the table, which was a cres-
sent, the French and English ministers on each hand, Mrs.
Cutts the next on the right hand, Mrs. Smith3 the next
on the left and Mr. Madison on the other side of the table
opposite Mrs. M. I chose a place where I could see Mrs.
M. to advantage. She really in manners and appearance,
answered all my ideas of royalty. She was so equally
gracious to both French and English, and so affable to all.
I suspect Mrs. Smith could not like the superiority of
Mrs. Cutts, and if I am not mistaken, Mrs. Madison's
4 causes her some heart burnings. Mr. Jefferson did
1 General Turreau de Garambonville. ' Honorable M. Erskine.
3 Wife of Robert Smith, then Secretary of the Navy, but soon to be Sec-
retary of State
* The blank is in the original.
i8o9] CHAT WITH MADISON 63
not* stay above two hours ; he seemed in high spirits and
his countenance beamed with a benevolent joy. I do
believe father never loved son more than he loves Mr.
Madison, and I believe too that every demonstration of
respect to Mr. M. gave Mr. J. more pleasure than if paid
to himself. Oh he is a good man! And the day will
come when all party spirit shall expire, that every citizen
of the United States will join in saying "He is a good
man." Mr. Madison, on the contrary, seemed spiritless
and exhausted. While he was standing by me I said,
"I wish with all my heart I had a little bit of seat to
offer you." "I wish so too," said he, with a most woe
begone face, and looking as if he could scarcely stand, —
the managers came up to ask him to stay to supper, he
assented, and turning to me, "but I would much rather
be in bed" said he. Immediately after supper Mr. and
Mrs. M. withdrew, the rest of the company danced until
12, the moment the clock struck that hour, the musick
stopped, and we all came home tired and sick. "And
such," said I as I threw myself on the bed, "such are the
gaiety and pleasures of the world ! Oh give me the soli-
tude of our cottage, where after a day well spent, I lay
down so tranquil and cheerful." Never do I recollect
one night, retiring with such a vacuum, such a dissatisfied
craving, such a restlessness of spirit, such undefined,
vague desires, as I now do. No, the world is not the
abode of happiness, for while we have the weakness of
humanity about us, vanity, pride, ambition, in some form
or other will invade and disturb the breast of the humblest
individual. But when far away from such excitements,
all within is peace in the performance of known duties ; in
the enjoyment of intellectual and social pleasures, the best
part of our nature is satisfied, the ambition of having the
first blown rose, or the sweetest strawberry, lead only to
64 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
pleasing anxiety and activity, the object of our ambition
being attainable, we are not tormented by unsatisfied
desires. After enjoying all the pomp and grandeur of
the greatest empire in the world, after conquering nations,
and the most splendid triumphs, Diocletian, this proud
master of the world, voluntarily forsook these delusive
pleasures, and often said while tilling his own garden, I
take more pleasure in cultivating my garden with my own
hands, and in eating the cabbages I have planted and
rear'd than in all, that Rome could ever give me. Like
him, our good and great Jefferson will taste the sweets of
seclusion. But far happier is our president than the
Roman Emperor. His retirement is a home endeared by
the truest friendship ; the most ardent and devoted affec-
tion, where his children, his grand children and great
grandchildren, will lavish on him all the peculiar joys of
the heart. How I have rambled in this long letter, but I
am sure all these details will be pleasing to you, so I make
no appology. To you they will not appear extravagant,
to Maria B. perhaps they will.
And now for a little of humbler themes. We propose
this week removing to the country, I never felt more im-
patient to go, as I propose a number of little improve-
ments,— such as having a little poultry yard enclosed with
boards, where I intend raising a great many chickens.
The well-diggers are to go out very soon, and we shall
try to get water. Mr. Madison last night enquired
among other things about this matter. "Truth is at the
bottom of a well, is the old saying, and I expect when you
get to the bottom of yours, you will discover most im-
portant truths. But I hope you will at least find water'1
continued he, smiling. Indeed I hope we will, and I am
sure you join in this wish, knowing how much we suffer
from the want of it. . . .
i8o9] MONTICELLO 65
VISIT TO MONTICELLO AND MONTPELIER
Monticello, August 1st, 1809.1
In a visit Mr. J. made our little cottage last autumn,
we were speaking of all the various charms of nature,
storms of winter, "But," said he, "you can here form no
idea of a snow storm, No, to see it in all its grandeur you
should stand at my back door ; there we see its progress —
rising over the distant Allegany, come sweeping and roar-
ing on, mountain after mountain, till it reaches us, and
then when its blast is felt, to turn to our fire side, and
while we hear it pelting against the window to enjoy the
cheering blaze, and the comforts of a beloved family."
Well, I have seen those distant mountains over which the
winter storm has swept, now rearing their blue and misty
heads to the clouds, and forming a sublime and beautiful
horrison round one of the finest and most extended scenes
the eye ever rested on. — I have seen that beloved family,
whose virtues and affections are the best reward and the
best treasure of their parent and their country's parent — I
have seen, I have listened to, one of the greatest and best
of men. He has passed through the tempestuous sea of
political life, has been enveloped in clouds of calumny, the
storms of faction, assailed by foreign and domestic foes,
and often threatened with a wreck, of happiness and fame.
But these things are now all passed away, and like the
mountain on which he stands, fogs and mists and storms,
gather and rage below, while he enjoys unclouded sun-
shine. How simple and majestic is his character, my
affection for him is weighed with much veneration, that,
meek, humble, gentle and kind, as he is in his manners,
1 From Mrs. Smith's note book.
66 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
I cannot converse with him, with ease. My mind is
busied in thinking of what he is, rather than listening
to what he says. After a very delightful journey of
three days, we reached Monticello on the morning of the
fourth. When I crossed the Ravanna, a wild and ro-
mantic little river, which flows at the foot of the moun-
tain, my heart beat, — I thought I had entered, as it were
the threshhold of his dwelling, and I looked around ev-
erywhere expecting to meet with some trace of his
superintending care. In this I was disappointed, for no
vestige of the labour of man appeared ; nature seemed to
hold an undisturbed dominion. We began to ascend
this mountain, still as we rose I cast my eyes around, but
could discern nothing but untamed woodland, after a
mile's winding upwards, we saw a field of corn, but the
road was still wild and uncultivated. I every moment
expected to reach the summit, and felt as if it was an end-
less road ; my impatience lengthened it, for it is not two
miles from the outer gate on the river to the house. At
last we reached the summit, and I shall never forget the
emotion the first view of this sublime scenery excited.
Below me extended for above 60 miles round, a country
covered with woods, plantations and houses ; beyond, arose
the blue mountains, in all their grandeur. Monticello ris-
ing 500 feet above the river, of a conical form and stand-
ing by itself, commands on all sides an unobstructed and
I suppose one of the most extensive views any spot the
globe affords. The sides of the mountain covered with
wood, with scarcely a speck of cultivation, present a fine
contrast to its summit, crowned with a noble pile of build-
ings, surounded by an immense lawn, and shaded here
and there with some fine trees. Before we reached the
house, we met Mr. J. on horseback, he had just returned
from his morning ride, and when, on approaching, he
i8o9I WELCOMED BY JEFFERSON 67
recognized us, he received us with one of those benignant
smiles, and cordial tones of voice that convey an un-
doubted welcome to the heart. He dismounted and
assisted me from the carriage, led us to the hall thro* a
noble portico, where he again bade us welcome. I was
so struck with the appearance of this Hall, that I lingered
to look around, but he led me forward, smiling as he said,
"You shall look bye and bye, but you must now rest."
Leading me to a sopha in a drawing room as singular
and beautiful as the Hall, he rang and sent word to Mrs.
Randolph that we were there, and then ordered some
refreshments. "We have quite a sick family," said he;
"My daughter has been confined to the sick bed of her
little son ; my grand-daughter has lost her's and still keeps
to her room and several of the younger children are in-
disposed. For a fortnight Mr. and Mrs. Randolph have
sat up every night, until they are almost worn out." This
information clouded my satisfaction and cast a gloom
over our visit, — but Mrs. R. soon entered, and with a
smiling face, most affectionately welcomed us. Her
kind and cheerful manners soon dispersed my gloom and
after a little chat, I begged her not to let me detain her
from her nursery, but to allow me to follow her to it ; she
assented and I sat with her until dinner time. Anne,1
(Mrs. Bankhead) who had been confined 3 weeks before
and had lost her child looked delicate and interesting;
Ellen, my old favorite, I found improved as well as
grown. At five o'clock the bell summoned us to dinner.
Mr. Randolph, Mr. Bankhead, and Jefferson R. were
there. They are 12 in family, and as Mr. J. sat in the
midst of his children and grand-children, I looked on him
with emotions of tenderness and respect. The table was
plainly, but genteely and plentifully spread, and his im-
1 Jefferson's eldest daughter.
68 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
mense and costly variety of French and Italian wines,
gave place to Madeira and a sweet ladies' wine. We sat
till near sun down at the table, where the desert was suc-
ceeded by agreeable and instructive conversation in which
every one seemed to wish and expect Mr. J. to take the
chief part. As it is his custom after breakfast to with-
draw to his own apartments and pursuits and not to join
the family again until dinner, he prolongs that meal, or
rather the time after that meal, and seems to relish his
wine the better for being accompanied with conversation,
and during the 4 days I spent there these were the most
social hours. When we rose from table, a walk was pro-
posed and he accompanied us. He took us first to the
garden he has commenced since his retirement. It is on
the south side of the mountain and commands a most
noble view. Little is as yet done. A terrace of 70 or 80
feet long and about 40 wide is already made and in culti-
vation. A broad grass walk leads along the outer edge ;
the inner part is laid off in beds for vegetables. This ter-
race is to be extended in length and another to be made
below it. The view it commands, is at present its great-
est beauty. We afterwards walked round the first circuit.
There are 4 roads about 1 5 or 20 feet wide, cut round the
mountain from 100 to 200 feet apart. These circuits are
connected by a great many roads and paths and when
completed will afford a beautiful shady ride or walk of
seven miles. The first circuit is not quite a mile round,
as it is very near the top. It is in general shady, with
openings through the trees for distant views. We passed
the outhouses for the slaves and workmen. They are all
much better than I have seen on any other plantation, but
to an eye unaccustomed to such sights, they appear poor
and their cabins form a most unpleasant contrast with the
palace that rises so near them. Mr. J. has carpenters.
i8o9] BREAKFAST AT MONTICELLO 69
cabinet-makers, painters, and blacksmiths and several
other trades all within himself, and finds these slaves ex-
cellent workmen. As we walked, he explained his future
designs. "My long absence from this place, has left a
wilderness around me." "But you have returned," said
I, "and the wilderness shall blossom like the rose and
you, I hope, will long sit beneath your own vine and your
own fig-tree." It was near dark when we reached the
house; he led us into a little tea room which opened on
the terrace and as Mrs. R. was still in her nursery he sat
with us and conversed till tea time. We never drank tea
until near nine, afterwards there was fruit, which he sel-
dom staid to partake of, as he always retired immediately
after tea. I never sat above an hour afterwards, as I
supposed Mrs. R. must wish to be in her nursery. I
rose the morning after my arrival very early and went
out on the terrace, to contemplate scenery, which to me
was so novel. The space between Monticello and the
Allegany, from sixty to eighty miles, was covered with
a thick fog, which had the appearance of the ocean and
was unbroken except when wood covered hills rose above
the plain and looked like islands. As the sun rose, the
fog was broken and exhibited the most various and fan-
tastic forms, lakes, rivers, bays, and as it ascended, it
hung in white fleecy clouds on the sides of the mountains ;
an hour afterwards you would scarcely believe it was the
same scene you looked on. In spite of the cold air from
the mountains, I staid here until the first breakfast bell
rang. Our breakfast table was as large as our dinner
table; instead of a cloth, a folded napkin lay under each
plate ; we had tea, coffee, excellent muffins, hot wheat and
corn bread, cold ham and butter. It was not exactly the
Virginian breakfast I expected. Here indeed was the
mode of living in general that of a Virginian planter.
7o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
At breakfast the family all assembled, all Mrs. R's. chil-
dren eat at the family table, but are in such excellent
order, that you would not know, if you did not see them,
that a child was present. After breakfast, I soon learned
that it was the habit of the family each separately to pur-
sue their occupations. Mr. J. went to his apartments,
the door of which is never opened but by himself and his
retirement seems so sacred that I told him it was his
sanctum sanctorum. Mr. Randolph rides over to his
farm and seldom returns until night ; Mr. Bankhead who
is reading law to his study; a small building at the end
of the east terrace, opposite to Mr. Randolph's which ter-
minates the west terrace ; these buildings are called pavil-
ions. Jefferson R. went to survey a tract of woodland,
afterwards make his report to his grand father. Mrs.
Randolph withdrew to her nursery and excepting the
hours housekeeping requires she devotes the rest to her
children, whom she instructs. As for them, they seem
never to leave her for an instant, but are always beside
her or on her lap.
Visitors generally retire to their own rooms, or walk
about the place ; those who are fond of reading can never
be at a loss, those who are not will some times feel
wearied in the long interval between breakfast and din-
ner. The dinner bell rings twice, the first collects the
family in time to enter the room by the time the second
announces dinner to be on table, which while I was there
was between 4 and 5 oclock. In summer the interval
between rising from table and tea (9 oclock) may be
agreeably passed in walking. But to return to my jour-
nal. After breakfast on Sunday morning, I asked Ellen
to go with me on the top of the house ; Mr. J. heard me
and went along with us and pointed out those spots in the
landscape most remarkable. The morning was show'ry,
i*>9] BOOKS AT MONTICELLO 71
the clouds had a fine effect, throwing large masses of
shade on the mountain sides, which finely contrasted with
the sunshine of other spots. He afterwards took us to
the drawing room, 26 or 7 feet diameter, in the dome.
It is a noble and beautiful apartment, with 8 circular win-
dows and a sky-light. It was not furnished and being
in the attic story is not used, which I thought a great pity,
as it might be made the most beautiful room in the house.
The attic chambers are comfortable and neatly finished
but no elegance. When we descended to the hall, he
asked us to pass into the Library, or as I called it his
sanctum sanctorum, where any other feet than his own
seldom intrude. This suit of apartments opens from the
Hall to the south. It consists of 3 rooms for the library,
one for his cabinet, one for his chamber, and a green
house divided from the other by glass compartments and
doors ; so that the view of the plants it contains, is unob-
structed. He has not yet made his collection, having but
just finished the room, which opens on one of the terraces.
He showed us everything he thought would please or in-
terest us. His most valuable and curious books — those
which contained fine prints etc. — among these I thought
the most curious were the original letters of Cortez to the
King of Spain, a vol of fine views of ancient villas around
Rome, with maps of the grounds, and minute descriptions
of the buildings and grounds, an old poem written by
Piers Plowman and printed 250 years ago; he read near
a page, which was almost as unintelligible as if it was
Hebrew; and some Greek romances. He took pains to
find one that was translated into French, as most of them
were translated in Latin and Italian. More than two
hours passed most charmingly away. The library con-
sists of books in all languages, and contains about twenty
thousand vols, but so disposed that they do not give the
72 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
idea of a great library. I own I was much disappointed
in its appearance, and I do not think with its numerous
divisions and arches it is as impressive as one large room
would have been. His cabinet and chamber contained
every convenience and comfort, but were plain. His bed
is built in the wall which divides his chamber and cabinet.
He opened a little closet which contains all his garden
seeds. They are all in little phials, labled and hung on
little hooks. Seeds such as peas, beans, etc. were in tin
cannisters, but everything labeled and in the neatest order.
He bade us take whatever books we wished, which we
did, and then retired to our own room. Here we amused
ourselves until dinner time excepting an hour I sat with
Mrs. R. by her sick baby, but as she was reading I did
not sit long. After dinner Ellen and Mr. Bankhead ac-
companied us in a long ramble in the mountain walks.
At dark when we returned, the tea room was still vacant ;
I called Virgina and Mary (the age of my Julia and
Susan) amused myself with them until their grand papa
entered, with whom I had a long and interesting conver-
sation ; in which he described with enthusiasm his retire-
ment from public life and the pleasures he found in
domestic.
Monday morning. I again rose early in order to ob-
serve the scenes around me and was again repaid for the
loss of sleep, by the various appearances the landscape
assumed as the fog was rising. But the blue and misty
mountains, now lighted up with sunshine, now thrown
into deep shadow, presented objects on which I gaze each
morning with new pleasure. After breakfast Mr. J.
sent E. to ask me if I would take a ride with him round
the mountain; I willing assented and in a little while I
was summoned ; the carriage was a kind of chair, which
his own workmen had made under his direction, and it
i8o9] A DRIVE WITH JEFFERSON 73
was with difficulty that he, Ellen and I found room in it,
and might well be called the sociable. The first circuit,
the road was good, and I enjoyed the views it afforded
and the familiar and easy conversation, which our socia-
ble gave rise to; but when we descended to the second
and third circuit, fear took from me the power of listening
to him, or observing the scene, nor could I forbear ex-
pressing my alarm, as we went along a rough road which
had only been laid out, and on driving over fallen trees,
and great rocks, which threatened an overset to our socia-
ble and a roll down the mountains to us. "My dear
madam," said Mr. J., "you are not to be afraid, or if you
are you are not to show it ; trust yourself implicitly to me,
I will answer for your safety ; I came every foot of this
road yesterday, on purpose to see if a carriage could come
safely; I know every step I take, so banish all fear."
This I tried to do, but in vain, till coming to a road
over which one wheel must pass I jumped out, while
the servant who attended on horseback rode forward
and held up the carriage as Mr. J. passed. Poor Ellen
did not dare to get out. Notwithstanding the terror I
suffered I would not have lost this ride; as Mr. J. ex-
plained to me all his plans for improvement, where the
roads, the walks, the seats, the little temples were to be
placed. There are two springs gushing from the moun-
tain side; he took me to one which might be made very
picturesque. As we passed the graveyard, which is
about half way down the mountain, in a sequestered
spot, he told me he there meant to place a small gothic
building, — higher up, where a beautiful little mound was
covered with a grove of trees, he meant to place a mon-
ument to his friend Wythe. We returned home by a
road which did not wind round the mountain but carried
us to the summit by a gentle ascent. It was a good road,
74 . WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug
and my terror vanished and I enjoyed conversation. I
found Mrs. R. deeply engaged in the Wild Irish Boy sit-
ting by the side of her little patient ; I did not stay long
to interrupt her, but finding Mrs. Bankhead likewise en-
gaged with a book, I withdrew to my own room to read
my Grecian romance. At dinner Mrs. Randolph sent an
apology, she hurt her eye so badly, that it produced ex-
cessive inflamation and pain, which obliged her to go to
bed. After dinner I went up to sit by her, Mr. J. came
up soon after and I was delighted by his tender attentions
to their dear daughter. As he sat by her and held her
hand, for above an hour, we had a long social conversa-
tion in which Mrs. R. joined occasionally. After he had
gone, finding her disposed to sleep, I went down. It
was now quite dark and too late to walk, so I took my
seat in the tea room with my little girls and told them
stories till the tea bell again collected the family.
Tuesday. After breakfast I went up and sat all the
morning by Mrs. Randolph ; she was too unwell to rise ;
part of the time I read, but when we were alone, con-
versed. Our conversation turned chiefly on her father,
and on her mentioning their correspondence, I begged her
to show me some of his letters. This she willingly as-
sented to and it was a rich repast to mind and heart.
Some of them were written when he was minister in
France and she in a convent. These are filled with the
best advice in the best language. His letters come down
to the last days of his political life ; in every one he ex-
presses his longings after retirement. She was so. good
as to give me one of these precious letters. When I went
down stairs I found Mr. J. in the hall and Mr. S., and
we had a long conversation on a variety of topics. He
took us a charming walk round the edge of the lawn and
showed us the spots from which the house appeared to
i8o9] REFLECTIONS ON JEFFERSON 75
most advantage. I looked upon him as he walked, the
top of this mountain, as a being elevated above the mass
of mankind, as much in character as he was in local sit-
uation. I reflected on the long career of public duties
and stations through which he had passed, and that after
forty years spent on the tempestuous sea of political life,
he had now reached the haven of domestic life. Here
while the storm roared at a distance, he could hear its
roaring and be at peace. He had been a faithful labourer
in the harvest field of life, his labours were crowned with
success, and he had reaped a rich harvest of fame and
wealth and honor. All that in this, his winter of life he
may enjoy the harvest he has reaped. In him I perceive
no decay of mind or debility of frame and to all the wis-
dom and experience of age, he adds the enthusiasm and
ardour of youth. I looked on him with wonder as I
heard him describe the improvements he designed in his
grounds, they seemed to require a whole life to carry
into effect, and a young man might doubt of ever com-
pleting or enjoying them. But he seems to have trans-
posed his hopes and anticipations into the existence of his
children. It is in them he lives, and I believe he finds as
much delight in the idea that they will enjoy the fruit
of his present iabours, as if he hoped it for himself. If
full occupation of mind, heart and hands, is happiness,
surely he is happy. The sun never sees him in bed, and
his mind designs more than the day can fulfil, even his
long day. The conversation of the morning, the letters
I had read, and the idea that this was the last day I was
to spend in his society, the last time I was ever to see
him, filled my heart with sadness. I could scarcely look
at or speak to him without tears. After dinner he went
to the carpenter's shop, to give directions for a walking
seat he had ordered made for us, and I did not see him
76 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
again until after sun-set. I spent the interval in walking
with Mr. Smith round the lawn and grave, and had just
parted from him to join the children to whom I had
promised another story, when as I passed the terrace, Mr.
J. came out and joined us. The children ran to him and
immediately proposed a race ; we seated ourselves on the
steps of the Portico, and he after placing the children
according to their size one before the other, gave the
word for starting and away they flew ; the course round
this back lawn was a qr. of a mile, the little girls were
much tired by the time they returned to the spot from
which they started and came panting and out of breath
to throw themselves into their grandfather's arms, which
were opened to receive them; he pressed them to his
bosom and rewarded them with a kiss ; he was sitting on
the grass and they sat down by him, untill they were
rested ; then they again wished to set off ; he thought it too
long a course for little Mary and proposed running on the
terrace. Thither we went, and seating ourselves at one
end, they ran from us to the pavillion and back again;
"What an amusement," said I, "do these little creatures
afford us." "Yes/' replied he, "it is only with them that a
grave man can play the fool." They now called on him
to run with them, he did not long resist and seemed de-
lighted in delighting them. Oh ye whose envenomed
calumny has painted him as the slave of the vilest pas-
sions, come here and contemplate this scene! The sim-
plicity, the gaiety, the modesty and gentleness of a child,
united to all that is great and venerable in the human
character. His life is the best refutation of the calumnies
that have been heaped upon him and it seems* to" me im-
possible, for any one personally to know him and remain
his enemy. It was dark by the time we entered the tea-
room. I was glad to close the windows and shut out the
i8o9] FROM JFFERSON'S LETTERS 77
keen air from the mountains. The mornings and even-
ings are here always cool and indeed Mrs. Randolph
says it is never hot. As it was the last evening we were
to pass here, Mr. J. sat longer than usual after tea. All
the family except Mrs. Randolph were at tea. I gazed
upon Mr. J. in the midst of this interesting circle and
thought of the following lines, which I copied from one
of his letters.
"When I look to the ineffable pleasures of my family
society, I become more and more disgusted with the
jealousies, the hatred, the rancourous and malignant pas-
sions of this scene, and lament my having ever again
been drawn into public view. Tranquility is now my
object; I have seen enough of political honors, to know
they are but splendid torments; and however one might
be disposed to render services on which many of their
fellow citizens might set a value, yet when as many would
deprecate them as a public calamity, one may well enter-
tain a modest doubt of their real importance and feel the
impulse of duty to be very weak," and again, in another
of a later date, 1797 he says,
"Worn down here with pursuits in which I take no
delight, surrounded by enemies and spies, catching and
perverting every word which falls from my lips, or flows
from my pen, and inventing where facts fail them, I pant
for that society, where all is peace and harmony, where
we love and are beloved by every object we see. And to
have that intercourse of soft affections, hushed and sup-
pressed by the eternal presence of strangers, goes very
hard indeed, and the harder when we see that the candle
of life is burning out and the pleasures we lose are lost
forever. I long to see the time approach when I can be
returning to you, tho' it be for a short time only — these
are the only times existence is of any value to me, con-
78 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
tinue then to love me my ever dear daughter, and to be
assured, that to yourself, your sister and those dear to
you every thing in my life is directed, ambition has no
hold upon me but through you, my personal affections
would fix me forever with you. Kiss the dear little
objects of our mutual love," etc. etc.
By these dear objects, I saw him now surounded. I
saw him in the scenes for which his heart had panted, at
the time when others looked upon his elevated station
with envy, and did not know that these honors which his
country lavished on him and which they envied, were
splendid torments, to his unambitious spirit and affec-
tionate heart. But why then it will be asked, did he
not withdraw from public life? A satisfactory answer
is often found in his letters; in one he says (it was while
secretary) that he had made up his mind to retire, that
he had arranged his affairs for it, but contrary to all his
wishes he was persuaded by his friends of the necessity
of remaining, that a retreat at that time would be at-
tributed to timidity or fear of the attacks made by the
papers and might ruin the party of which he was the
head. In one of his letters he says — "The real difficulty
is that once being delivered into the hands of others,
where feelings are friendly to the individual and warm
to the public cause ; how to withdraw from them, without
leaving a dissatisfaction in their minds and impressions
of pusilanimity with the public." From many other pas-
sages of his letters, it is evident that his own wishes were
subordinated to the remonstrances of his friends and to
the wish of supporting the republican cause, — on which
he sincerely and honestly believed the happiness of his
country to depend.
After tea, fruit as usual was brought, of which he staid
to partake; the figs were very fine and I eat them with
i8o9] FAREWELL TO JEFFERSON 79
greater pleasure from their having been planted rear'd
and attended by him with peculiar care, which this year
was rewarded with an abundant crop, and of which we
every day enjoyed the produce.
Wednesday morning. Mrs. Randolph was not able to
come down to breakfast, and I felt too sad to join in the
conversation. I looked on every object around me, all
was examined with that attention a last look inspires ; the
breakfast ended, our carriage was at the door, and I rose
to bid farewell to this interesting family. Mrs. R. came
down to spend the last minutes with us, As I stood for a
moment in the Hall, Mr. J. approached and in the most
cordial manner urged me to make another visit the en-
suing summer, I told him with a voice almost choked
with tears, "that I had no hope of such a pleasure — this,"
said I, raising my eyes to him, "is the last time I fear in
this world at least, that I shall ever see you — But there is
another world." I felt so affected by the idea of this last
sight of this good and great man, that I turned away and
hastily repeating my farewell to the family, gave him my
hand, he pressed it affectionately as he put me in the car-
riage saying, "God bless you, dear madam. God bless
you." "And God bless you," said I, from the very bot-
tom of my heart.
Mr. Smith got in, the door shut and we drove from
the habitation of philosophy and virtue. How rapidly
did we seem to descend that mountain which had seemed
so tedious in its ascent, and the quick pulsations I then
felt were now changed to a heavy oppression.
Yes, he is truly a philosopher, and truly a good man,
and eminently a great one. Then there is a tranquility
about him, which an inward peace could alone bestow.
As a ship long tossed by the storms of the ocean, casts
anchor and lies at rest in a peaceful harbour, he is retired
8o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
from an active and restless scene to this tranquil spot.
Voluntarily and gladly has he resigned honors which he
never sought, and unwillingly accepted. His actions,
not his words, preach the emptiness and dissatisfaction
attendant on a great office. His tall and slender figure is
not impaired by age, tho' bent by care and labour. His
white locks announce an age his activity, strength, health,
enthusiasm, ardour and gaiety contradict. His face owes
all its charm to its expression and intelligence; his fea-
tures are not good and his complexion bad, but his coun-
tenance is so full of soul and beams with such benignity,
that when the eye rests on his face, it is too busy in perus-
ing its expression, to think of its features or complexion.
His low and mild voice, harmonizes with his countenance
rather than his figure. But his manners, — how gentle,
how humble, how kind. His meanest slave must feel as
if it were a father instead of a master who addressed
him, when he speaks. To a disposition ardent, affection-
ate and communicative, he joins manners timid, even to
bashfulness and reserved even to coldness. If his life had
not proved to the contrary I should have pronounced him
rather a man of imagination and taste, than a man of
judgement, a literary rather than a scientific man, and
least of all a politician, A character for which nature never
seemed to have intended him, and for which the natural
turn of mind, and his disposition, taste, and feeling
equally unfit him. I should have been sure that this was
the case, even had he not told me so. In an interesting
conversation I had one evening — speaking of his past
public and present domestic life — "The whole of my life,"
said he, "has been a war with my natural taste, feelings
and wishes. Domestic life and literary pursuits, were
my first and my latest inclinations, circumstances and not
my desires lead me to the path I have trod. And like
i8o9J MONTPELIER 81
a bow tho long bent, which when unstrung flies back to
its natural state, I resume with delight the character and
pursuits for which nature designed me.
"The circumstances of our country," continued he, "at
my entrance into life, were such that every honest man
felt himself compelled to take a part, and to act up to the
best of his abilities."
August 4th, Montpelier, Wendnesd even.
The sadness which all day hung on my spirits was
instantly dispelled by the cheering smile of Mrs. Madison
and the friendly greeting of our good President. It was
near five oclock when we arrived, we were met at the
door by Mr. M. who led us in to the dining room where
some gentlemen were still smoking segars and drinking
wine. Mrs. M. enter'd the moment afterwards, and after
embracing me, took my hand, saying with a smile, I will
take you out of this smoke to a pleasanter room. She
took me thro' the tea room to her chamber which opens
from it. Everything bespoke comfort, I was going to
take my seat on the sopha, but she said I must lay down
by her on her bed, and rest myself, she loosened my riding
habit, took off my bonnet, and we threw ourselves on
her bed. Wine, ice, punch and delightful pine-apples
were immediately brought. No restraint, no ceremony.
Hospitality is the presiding genius of this house, and
Mrs. M. is kindness personified. She enquired why I
had not brought the little girls; I told her the fear of
incomoding my friends. "Oh," said she laughing, "I
should not have known they were here, among all the
rest, for at this moment we have only three and twenty
in the house." "Three and twenty," exclaimed I ! "Why
where do you store them ?" "Oh we have house room in
plenty." This I could easily believe, for the house seemed
82 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i8oQ
immense. It is a large two story house of 80 or 90 feet
in length, and above 40 deep. Mrs. Cutts soon came in
with her sweet children, and afterwards Mr. Madison,
Cutts, and Mr. Smith. The door opening into the tea
room being open, they without ceremony joined their
wives. They only peeked in on us; we then shut the
door and after adjusting our dress, went out on the
Piazza — (it is 60 feet long) . Here we walked and talked
until called to tea, or rather supper, for tho' tea hour, it
was supper fare. The long dining table was spread, and
besides tea and coffee, we had a variety of warm cakes,
bread, cold meats and pastry. At table I was introduced
to Mr. William Madison,1 brother to the President, and
his wife, and three or four other ladies and gentlemen all
near relatives, all plain country people, but frank, kind,
warm-hearted Virginians. At this house I realized being
in Virginia, Mr. Madison, plain, friendly, communicative,
and unceremonious as any Virginia Planter could be —
Mrs. Madison, uniting to all the elegance and polish of
fashion, the unadulterated simplicity, frankness, warmth,
and friendliness of her native character and native state.
Their mode of living, too, if it had more elegance than
is found among the planters, was characterized by that
abundance, that hospitality, and that freedom, we are
taught to look for on a Virginian plantation. We did not
sit long at this meal — the evening was warm and we were
glad to leave the table. The gentlemen went to the
piazza, the ladies, who all had children, to their chambers,
and I sat with Mrs. M. till bed time talking of Washing-
ton. When the servant appeared with candles to show
me my room, she insisted on going up stairs with me,
assisted me to undress and chatted till I got into bed.
How unassuming, how kind is this woman. How can
1 Of Woodbury Forest, about six miles from Montpelier.
o a£>
v
c
i
o
i8io] MRS. MADISON'S KINDNESS 83
any human being be her enemy. Truly, in her there is
to be found no gall, but the pure milk of human kindness.
If I may say so, the maid was like the mistress ; she was
very attentive all the time I was there, seeming as if she
could not do enough, and was very talkative. As her
mistress left the room, "You have a good mistress Nany,"
said I, "Yes," answered the affectionate creature with
warmth, "the best I believe in the world, — I am sure I
would not change her for any mistress in the whole
country." The next morning Nany called me to a late
breakfast, brought me ice and water, (this is universal
here, even in taverns) and assisted me to dress. We sat
down between 15 and 20 persons to breakfast — and to a
most excellent Virginian breakfast — tea, coffee, hot wheat
bread, light cakes, a pone, or corn loaf — cold ham, nice
hashes, chickens, etc.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington.] Sunday 6th, 1810.
. . . . Since we came, we have seen a great deal
of company; I went to the drawing room one evening,
and spent a few hours most charmingly seeing and talk-
ing to at least 50 people I had not seen for a year, but the
salutations of no one pleased me half so well as those of
Mr. Quinsey,1 the moment he saw me, he approached with
so smiling and friendly a countenance that I involun-
tarily stretched out my hand which he cordially shook;
we conversed a long while but the subject of Miss Lowels
death affected him so much that he abruptly left me,
twas not long after, I saw him approach Mr. Smith, shake
hands and then stand and converse with him. I cannot
1 Josiah Quincy, of Massachusetts, a bitter Federalist, the first man to
suggest secession in Congress.
84 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1810
describe to you my dear Maria the sensation of pleasure
this sight afforded me, but you who knew my anxiety on
the subject, may judge of it. He told Mr. Smith that
he wished to ride out with him to Sidney to collect petri-
faction ; in fine having once broken the ice, no shadow of
reserve remained. The next day Mr Smith called on
him and the day after he came here Mr. S. was not at
home but he came up to our parlour ; it was at the moment
my alarm for Bayard was first excited. Mrs. Clay was
sitting with me preparing some wine-drops, while her
woman was heating water to bathe him. He would not
sit long and I have not seen him since ; but if he does not
again call, I mean to send and ask him to tea — I relate
this first, as the most pleasant circumstance that has oc-
curred since my arrival. At the drawing-room Fanny
Clifton sat most of the time by me, she enquired partic-
ularly after you.
• •-••«
After the drawing room evening I did not again leave
the house and scarcely the room, until new-years day,
when Mrs. Clay persuaded me to go to the levee, and
as on the drawing room evening, made her nurse attend
to Bayard. As for the poor girls, the regular lessons I
planned to give them are out of the question, for as I
said before Bayard 1 and company break through all reg-
ularity, and they have had but one or two lessons; if
Mr. S. would let me I should immediately send them to
school, for under present circumstances joined to the
prospect before me, I do not see how I can possibly teach
them.
We have a large company in this house — Mr. and Mrs.
Mumford,2 Mr. and Mrs. Clay, (Henry Clay the admired
1 Mrs. Smith's son, who was then an infant a few months old.
2 Gurdon S. Mumford, Representative from New York.
i8io] FRIENDSHIP FOR MRS. CLAY 85
orator,) and a number of gentlemen the Vice-President,
and John Law1 you know. I have formed habits of
sociability with Mr. and Mrs. Clay only — Mrs. Clay is a
woman of strong natural sense, very kind and friendly.
She often brings work of an evening into our room and
in the morning I go to hers — we help each other dress
and she always offers us seats in her carriage when we
visit together, — or go a shopping, and her woman who
has been the nurse of all her children, attends to mine
whenever I wish it. With the rest I have little inter-
course except at breakfast and dinner. Our parlour is
as retired as if in our own house. We have our tea
table set as regularly and as comfortably as at home, and
Mrs. Wilson endeavors in every way to make us com-
fortable. She always sends up a snack for the children
and myself between dinner and breakfast, and whenever
I want it for supper. After the children go to bed I
generally sew and if I want company I have only to go
down stairs, where there is generally a large circle. I
have only passed one evening down below and that was
to play chess. We have a great chess player here, Mr.
Marke from New York — he is invincible. He is a most
amiable young [man] and I like him the better for being
the intimate acquaintance of our friends in New York.
I yesterday morning visited Miss Lansdale, now Mrs.
Sprigg, her wedding will give rise to a great many parties.
We are asked to two for the ensuing week, but I feel no
inclination to go.
Mrs. Craven is a near neighbor and has been already
very neighborly. Poor Margaret Wingate is still pur-
sued by new misfortunes. Her husband has broken
through all arrangements made for him here and gone to
New England without any ones knowing when, or if ever
1 Son of Thomas Law by his first wife.
86 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i8n
he will return. We yesterday dined with a large party at
Mr. Galatin's, it was a very pleasant party and it would
do your heart good to see Mrs. Montgomery so fat, and
rosy, and cheerful and good humour'd. I never admired
or liked her half as well.
I wish I could do more justice to your letters my dear
sisters, for this time excuse me and I will try and do better
hereafter. But I make no promises, I have ever given up
resolutions, for I find myself so irresistibly carried down
the current of circumstance and not piloted by reason. I
feel every way better since our removal to town and
never was more sensible to the beneficial effects of society.
I had grown dull and out of humour with myself, in a
solitude where I had nothing to divert the irksome-
ness of indisposition. Adieu my dearest sisters, in every
mutation, in every vicissitude I am without change, yours
most affectionately
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney, Summer of 1811]
. . . . Monday. For the last 10 days I have re-
sumed my ordinary occupations and feel as descending
from an ideal existence to the realities of life. We have
had many more visitors than usual, my acquaintance have
been very kind and attentive, but above all the rest Mrs.
Clay. She is what you call a good woman, but has no
qualities of mind to attract, — none of the heart to en-
dear. She is a most devoted mother, and to sew for her
children her chief, almost exclusive occupation. She
has no taste for fashionable company or amusements, and
is a thousand times better pleased, sitting in the room
with all her children round her, and a pile of work by
her side, than in the most brilliant drawing room. She
has shown more affection and kindness of disposition,
i8n] MRS. CLAY'S ATTENTIONS 87
since my sickness, than I believed her capable of. She
is always showing me and mine some attention, takes me
out in her carriage whenever I will go, wishes me to
be often with her. Ann and Julia have just return'd
after passing a week with her. She trim'd their bonnets
for them from her own store of ribands, and bought
Susan a handsome present on her birth-day. This was
on Thursday last and was without exception the most
agreeable celebration we ever had. Mr. Cutting in-
tended to have given us a fete champetre, at the old Cot-
tage in the afternoon, and I was to have given the dinner,
but a showery morning disappointed him. But that the
abundant preparations he had made, might still be as
much his party as possible, I had a table with benches
round it in the front Piazza, to which we removed after
dinner to eat our desert, and which we called going to
Mrs. Cutting's party. Pine apples, oranges, cakes, sugar
plumbs nuts figs &c &c adorn'd with the gayest flowers
and lilies in abundance ; to which elegant repast ( for such
it really was) I added nothing but ice-creams. Mrs.
Clay and her six children, two sons of Mr. Lowndes,
whom he has left here at school, and Mr. and Mrs. Cut-
ting making 20 including our family, were all the com-
pany. They came out early and amused themselves
rifling my flower borders, and making wreaths. Mrs.
Clay was as much engaged as any of the children and
as much delighted and she and I were as gaily deck'd as
the girls. The boys too had their wreaths, some of oak
and some of myrtle. My dear Lytleton,1 I must call him
so, for he feels like my own son, quite charm'd every one,
he was the very spirit of the frolic and we were all so
familiar, Mrs. Clay calling him Lytleton and treating him
with the same familiarity as I did. Ann Clay is half in
George Littleton Kirkpatrick, her nephew.
88 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i8n
love with him. I wish in all soberness time would ripen
this inclination, what a charming match it would be.
She is not too young for him. Now Mary1 will laugh at
this and at me. When Mr. Tracy, (who was an impor-
tant personage on the occasion) brought the cart to the
door Lytleton and all the boys jump'd in it and went to
the woods for boughs. L. drove furiously along to the no
small delight of the boys and soon return'd like the mov-
ing wood in Macbeth. The Piazza was soon transform'd
into a bower, — every hand was busy, — Mrs. Clay, Mr.
Smith and all. When the sun was completely excluded,
the Pianno was placed at one end of the large piazza and
the sopha at the other, and a table on which the big bowl
(which is used only on grand occasions) the birth day
cake crown'd with lilies and roses and fruit was placed,
and we drank punch, and eat cake, till they all felt in a
good humour for dancing. Mrs. Clay was the musician
and the company with their gay wreaths in this bower
appear'd very pretty and romp'd rather than danced till
a late dinner. The day clos'd without finding any one
weary and the little company dispersed, feeling what in
this world is so uncommon, that their expectations of
pleasure had been realized. Ann and Susan go into the
city tonight with Mrs. Cutting to pass a week. I spend
tomorrow with Mrs. Clay, in riding about and visiting.
I feel very sensibly the want of a carriage and would as
Mary used to say rather have our old one than none.
This latter part of my letter is for her. So altho' you will
pay double postage, it will be no more than if the sheets
had been separately directed. I wish my dear sister if
our carriage has not left Newark, Brother John2 would
put his horses in and bring you here.
1 Mrs. Kirkpatrick's eldest daughter.
'John Murray Bayard, the elder brother, who lived eight miles from
New Brunswick.
i8i3] THE BRITISH NEAR NEIGHBORS 89
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney] Tuesday, July 20, 18 13.
. . . . I every day from the time I received
Maria's, intended writing to press you to come on and
pass a few weeks or more with us and to bring Fanny
and Elizabeth. I believed such a jaunt might be highly
serviceable to you all. But it is now out of the question
and will be so while the British are such near neighbours
and continue to menace us. Until the late alarm I have
never been able to realize our being in a state of war;
but now when such active preparations are made, when so
many of our citizens and particular acquaintance have
marched to meet the enemy, I not only believe but feel
the unhappy state of our country. Mr. Seaton and Mr.
Gales * are both with our troops at Warburton, and Mrs.
Seaton and Miss Gales anxiety naturally excites ours. It
is generally believed impossible for the English to reach
the city, not so much from our force at Warburton, tho'
that is very large, as from the natural impediments ; the
river being very difficult of navigation. Every pre-
caution has been taken to ensure the safety of the city.
Fort Warburton is in a state of perfect defence and our
troops are each day augmented by hundreds and thou-
sands from the adjoining country who come pouring in.
The presence of Genl. Armstrong and Col. Monroe ani-
mates and invigorates our soldiers. And our little army
is full of ardour and enthusiasm. Mr. Gales and Seaton
have each been up to look after the paper and give a most
interesting and animating picture of the scene. There is
so little apprehension of danger in the city, that not a
1 They were brothers-in-law and edited The National Intelligencer from
1812 to i860, when Gales died. Gales acquired the paper from Mr. Smith
in 1810.
go WASHINGTON SOCIETY [July
single removal of person or goods has taken place, — a
number of our friends have desired leave to send their
trunks here and a number have determined to come them-
selves, should the British effect a passage by the fort, so
you see we are esteemed quite out of danger. As for our
enemy at home I have no doubt that they will if possible
join the British; here we are, I believe firmly in no dan-
ger, as the aim of those in the country would be as
quickly as possible to join those in the city and the few
scatter'd s s about our neighbourhood, could not
muster force enough to venture on an attack.1 We have
however counted on the possibility of danger and Mr. S.
has procured pistols &c &c sufficient for our defence, and
we make use of every precaution which we should use
were we certain of what we now only reckon a possibility.
In the city and George town the gentlemen who by their
age or other circumstances are exempted from service,
have formed volunteer companies both of horse and foot,
who nightly patrol the streets. The members of con-
gress have determined to join the citizens, in case of an
attack and there are many old experienced officers
amongst them. The affair of Hampton,2 which I dis-
believed until the publication in the Intelligencer, in-
spires us with a terror we should not otherwise have felt.
There were 300 French men at that attack and it was
chiefly these wretches who perpetrated these horrors.
Their intention was to desert to our side and they
march'd near to our militia with a view to surrender, but
were fired on and so obliged to fight in their own defence,
— 20 did desert and are now at the fort. The French
prisoners taken from the English jails, will it is sup-
posed, and the Irish likewise all desert the moment they
1 Wherever there were slaves there was terror of their insurrection.
2 The village of Hampton, Va., was sacked June 25, 1813, by the British
and given over to pillage and rapine by Cockburn's orders.
i8i3] FEARS OF SLAVES 91
are landed. Mrs. Seaton behaves with admirable self
command, I quite admire her composure and serenity, as
I am certain loving as she loves her amiable husband,
it must require great effort. We one and all resist the
intrusion of useless anxiety and alarm. We go on reg-
ularly with our every day occupations. I spend the
morning in my family affairs and school. Ann sits with
our guests and after dinner we all assemble and while
the rest sew, Miss Gales reads some amusing book. If
we did not resolutely adhere to this plan of occupation our
fancy would augment our fears and we should be sad
enough. As it is we are quite animated, each strength-
ens the resolution of the other and since we have been so
well provided with fire arms, my apprehensions have
quite ceased. For those whom I fear'd are easily intimi-
dated. Mr. Smith has this morning gone in to the Bank,
and Mrs. Seaton and Miss Gales, to see Mr. Seaton who
has come up to arrange the paper. If Susan is with you,
read or show her this letter as you think proper, or if at
Princeton and you think it may allay her anxiety, please
to send it. Ann is quite a Heroine. She makes no protes-
tations but her cheerfulness and freedom from unneces-
sary alarm shows that she is not easily intimidated.
She is a dear good girl. I love her every day more and
more. And if danger comes, I shall not think of or
risque more for my children than her. We expect Mrs.
Clay, her sister Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Cutting and many
others to come to us in case of a serious alarm. At
present all the members and citizens say it is impossible
for the enemy to ascend the river, and our home enemy
will not assail us, if they do not arrive. . . .
92 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1813
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney,] August 2d, 1813.
.... An agreeable change in our affairs, has
produced a delightful change in my feelings. Mr. S. has
received an appointment1 to a new and most respectable
office, which will enable us to pass our winters in the
city. I cannot describe what a revolution it has pro-
duced in my feelings. I now feel no dread of the winter.
. . . . New scenes, new objects, new characters, will
carry our thoughts and feelings abroad; we shall have
something to think of and feel for besides ourselves.
. . . . I expect in many ways this change will be
highly beneficial to our sisters and children. For Mr.
Smith and myself we were quite contented and happy,
tho' both of us still retain a sufficient relish for society,
to be pleased with prospects of passing a few months of
the year in the city.
It was a most unlooked for affair, and offer'd by Mr.
Madison in the most flattering and obliging manner. It
was quite as much of a surprise to Mr. S. as to myself.
We had laid all our plans in the country for the next 3 or
4 years, and some serious regret mingles with the pleas-
ure Mr. Smith feels. He took very great delight in his
rural occupations and was healthier and happier than I
have ever known him. But the interests of the family
conquered every selfish feeling. . . .
1 Commissioner of the Revenue. He held the office till it was abolished
by law.
i8i4] G. W. CAMPBELL'S TALENT 93
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Feb. 13th, 18 14.
. . . . Yesterday Mrs. Clay passed the day with
us. She brought her children, — in the evening some gen-
tlemen dropped in and we were unusually gay, the chil-
dren danced, Mrs. Clay and Mr. Taylor1 sang for them
while they danced, then Mr. Smith and Mr. Fisk2 played
checkers, Ann and Mrs. Stevens chess, Susan and I
sewed, — this easy, social, gay manner of passing the eve-
ning is better than a ball. After the children were tired
of dancing, Mr. Taylor (of New York) took up Mar-
mion which lay beside him, and read the first introduc-
tion, with all the enthusiasm of a poet, which I am told
he is. You will occasionally see his speeches in the paper
and will judge whether the talents ascribed him, are
justly so or not. He is by far the most agreeable new
acquaintance we have made. All our new appointments
have been surprises. 8 years ago G. W. Campbell3 ad-
dressed Eliza Bell, who rejected him. She was very am-
bitious and he then an obscure member of Congress. Mr.
S. then said, If it is greatness she desires, she will repent
her refusal, for I predict that G. W. C. will attain great
eminence, and may one day be our President. This he
said from an intimate knowledge of his talents. He has
ever since silently but surely been adding to his influ-
ence and usefulness and has for some time been looked
up to as the head of the republican party in the senate.
Mr. Bacon is an old acquaintance of ours, he is a man
of great financial talents and always very respectable on
1 John W. Taylor, a Representative, subsequently Speaker of the House.
2 Jonathan Fisk, of Newburgh, N. Y., a Representative.
3 Of Tennessee. He had just resigned from the Senate to be Secretary
of the Treasury.
94 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
the floor of congress.1 Mr. Rush2 has risen early and un-
expectedly, but I am mistaken if he does not aspire to still
higher dignities. His manners are extremely concilia-
tory and popular, his father's over again. The dear
children are all well. Susan and Julia I fear make little
progress at school, dancing excepted. We have no good
schools here. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington. March 13, 18 14.
. . . . When I first came to the city, I found my-
self almost as much a stranger as I did 12 yrs ago, and
when I recalled to mind that society which had so often
circled round our fireside and beheld them scatter'd over
the world, separated by the waves of the Atlantic, some
by the ocean of eternity, sadness and sorrow mingled with
the pleasure of recollection. Altho' destitute of those
strong and tender ties with which affection and friend-
ship bind me to other places, Washington possesses a
peculiar interest and to an active, reflective, and am-
bitious mind, has more attractions than any other place
in America. This interest is daily increasing, and with
the importance and expansion of our nation, this is the
theatre on which its most interesting interests are dis-
cuss'd, by its ablest sons, in which its greatest characters
are called to act, it is every year, more and more the
resort of strangers from every part of the union, and all
foreigners of distinction who visit these states, likewise
visit this city. There are here peculiar facilities for
forming acquaintances, for a stranger cannot be long
here, before it is generally known. The house of repre-
1 Ezekiel Bacon, of Massachusetts, Comptroller of the Treasury.
2 Richard Rush, the Attorney General, son of Benjamin Rush, the Signer.
OJ
o
o
i8
T3 co
i8i4] THE "DRAWING ROOM" 95
sentatives is the lounging place of both sexes, where ac-
quaintance is as easily made as at public amusements.
And the drawing-room, — that centre of attraction, — af-
fords opportunity of seeing all these whom fashion,
fame, beauty, wealth or talents, have render'd celebrated.
It has this winter been generally very much crowded,
seldom has the company been less than 2 or 300, and gen-
erally more. I cannot tell you what an interest is im-
parted to this assembly by the entrance of some celebrated
personage. I was there the evening of Perry's first ap-
pearance and had some interesting conversation. The
last evening we were there, the room was empty, there
were not above 50 or 60 persons, — after tea we adjourned
to the music room, which is comparatively small, 3 or 4
sophas surrounded the fire and we form'd quite a social
circle. I have not this winter passed a more agreeable
evening. Ann, who has been long kept at home, was
very much admired and really looked very beautiful.
Mr. Ogilvie, who is quite the Ton here and Mr. Forsythe,1
the universal favorite of the wise men, and fashionable
women, were quite devoted to her. For myself, seated in
one corner of a sopha, conversation with 4 or 5 agreeable
and intelligent men pass'd the time most pleasantly away.
Mr. Forsythe promises to be one of our most distin-
guished men, he is now allowed to be the greatest orator
on the floor of congress. You may perhaps recollect him
and his brother at Princeton. I knew him there and we
have lately renewed our acquaintance. He is a young
man of genius, fine taste, a most animated, engaging,
prepossessing countenance ; most attractive manners, Ann
says winning. I am afraid he will be spoiled, — he is so
much carress'd and admired, particularly by the girls,
1 John Forsyth was then a Representative from Georgia, later a Senator,
Minister to Spain and Secretary of State under General Jackson.
96 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
who think because he is a married man, they need not
conceal the pleasure his charming conversation affords.
The debates in congress have this winter been very at-
tractive to the ladies. Mr. Ingersol,1 is among the num-
ber of orators most admired. But Mr. Pinckney2 car-
ries the palm from all the congressional orators, Forsythe
excepted. His resignation of his office, seems to have
added to his popularity, and animated him in his pro-
fessional pursuits. Never have his talents been displayed
with such power and brilliancy. Curiosity led me
against my judgement, to join the female crowd who
throng the [Supreme] court room. A place in which I
think women have no business. The effect of female
admiration and attention has been very obvious, but it
is a doubt to me whether it has been beneficial, indeed I
believe otherwise. A member told me he doubted not,
there had been much more speaking on this account, and
another gentleman told me, that one day Mr. Pinckney
had finished his argument and was just about seating him-
self when Mrs. Madison and a train of ladies enter'd, — he
recommenced, went over the same ground, using fewer
arguments, but scattering more flowers. And the day
I was there I am certain he thought more of the female
part of his audience than of the court, and on concluding,
he recognized their presence, when he said, "He would
not weary the court, by going thro a long list of cases to
prove his argument, as it would not only be fatiguing to
them, but inimical to the laws of good taste, which on
the present occasion, (bowing low) he wished to obey."
The court was crowded while he spoke ; the moment he sat
down, the whole audience arose, and broke up, as if the
Charles I. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, a Representative.
2 William Pinkney, of Maryland (Mrs. Smith spells the name wrong; the
Pinckneys being the South Carolina family), had just resigned the Attorney
Generalship.
i8i4] PROMINENCE OF WOMEN 97
court had adjourn'd. The women here are taking a sta-
tion in society which is not known elsewhere. On every
public occasion, a launch, an oration, an inauguration, in
the court, in the representative hall, as well as the draw-
ing room, they are treated with mark'd distinction. Last
night Mr. Ogilvie while he censured the frivolous, ele-
vated the rest of our sex, not only to an equality but I
think to a superiority to the other sex. I think the man-
ners here different from those in other places. At the
drawing room, at our parties, few ladies ever sit. Our
rooms are always so crowded, that few more could find
a place in the rooms, the consequence is, the ladies and
gentlemen stand and walk about the rooms, in mingled
groups, which certainly produces more ease, freedom and
equality than in these rooms where the ladies sit and wait
for gentlemen to approach to converse.
Tuesday morning. I resume my pen, and as Mr.
Stevens who was here last evening inform'd me he was
going in a few days, I will scribble on, hoping to amuse,
even at the risque of wearying you. Mr. Ogilvie has this
moment left us, he found Susan, Ann, Mrs. Cutting and
myself busied with our needles ; he brought a new work
of Lord Byron's the "Bride of Abydos," — he would not
read it to us, but presented it to Ann who in return is
hemming him some cravats. I think you would have
agreed with him in his criticisms, which tho' it approved
the harmony and fancy of the poet, condemn'd the princi-
ples, sentiments, misanthrophy and morbid sensibility of
the man. In speaking of true sensibility, (that which
feels for others as for ourselves) he said it was like the
bee, which tho' it cull'd sweets from everything in crea-
tion, carried a sting with it. Last evening after dining
en famille at the Presidents he came here with Mr. Jones,1
1 Probably Charles Jones.
98 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
one of our most respectable citizens, in wealth, talents
and station. John G. Jackson,1 Mr. Stevens and other
gentlemen were here. The conversation took a charm-
ing turn and it was half past twelve, e'er we thought it
ten. Mr. O. never recites in private, as he used to, but
his witicisms are instructive and amusing. I know not
whether he can be called a man of original genius, but
he is certanly one of highly cultivated taste, a man of
great research, not only in classical learning, but in nat-
ural history, philosophy and morals. Whatever his own
opinions are, respecting religion I know not, but I have
never heard him in public or private, utter a sentiment
that could wound or offend the most pious. We are
going this evening to hear his recitations. How much
more rational these amusements than our balls or parties.
He receives the most flattering attentions and is not a
day disengaged. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Brookville. [Md.,] August, [1814.]
On Sunday we received information that the British
nad debark'd at Benedict. They seem'd in no haste to
approach the city, but gave us time to collect our troops.
The alarm was such that on Monday a general removal
from the city and George Town took place. Very few
women or children remain'd in the city on Tuesday eve-
ning, altho' the accounts then received were that the
enemy were retreating. Our troops were eager for an
attack and such was the cheerful alacrity they display'd,
that a universal confidence reign'd among the citizens and
people. Few doubted our conquering. On Tuesday we
sent off to a private farm house all our linen, clothing and
1 Representative from Virginia.
i8i4] FLIGHT FROM WASHINGTON 99
other movable property, in the afternoon Dr. Bradley's
family came from the city and took tea with us, — the
Dr. said several citizens from the camp brought informa-
tion of the enemy's remaining quiet at N. Marlborough,
but that 3 of the volunteer companies, ,* David-
sons and Peters were order'd to attack the Pickets and
draw the B on to a general engagement. This was
the last news ; until we were roused on Tuesday night by
a loud knocking, — on the opening of the door, Willie
Bradley called to us, "The enemy are advancing, our own
troops are giving way on all sides and are retreating to
the city. Go, for Gods sake go."2 He spoke in a voice
of agony, and then flew to his horse and was out of sight
in a moment. We immediately rose, the carriage and
horses were soon ready, we loaded a wagon with what
goods remained and about 3 oclock left our house with
all our servants, the women we sent to some private farm
houses at a safe distance, while we pursued our course.
I felt no alarm or agitation, as I knew the danger was not
near. I even felt no distress at the idea of forsaking our
home. I could not realize the possibility of the B. gain-
ing possession of the city, or of our army being defeated.
We travel'd very slowly and as it was dark I walk'd part
of the way. Ann was equally composed. At sunrise we
stop'd to breakfast at Miss Carrol's and then pursued our
journey. The girls were quite delighted with our flight,
novelty has such charms at their age, that even the ex-
change of comfort and peace, for suffering and distress,
has its charms. Even for myself, I felt animated, in-
vigorated, willing to encounter any hardship, calmly to
meet any danger, patiently to bear any difficulty. I suf-
fer'd considerable pain during the ride, and fear'd every
moment being taken ill, but happily I was not, and we
1 Illegible. 2The battle took place August 24.
ioo WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
all reach'd this place at one oclock in perfect health. We
received a most kind reception from Mrs. Bently, and
excellent accommodations. The appearance of this vil-
lage is romantic and beautiful, it is situated in a little
valley totally embosom'd in woody hills, with a stream
flowing at the bottom on which are mills. In this se-
cluded spot one might hope the noise, or rumour of war
would never reach. Here all seems security and peace !
Happy people may you never be obliged to fly from this
peaceful spot, which now affords so hospitable a shelter
to our poor citizens !
Thursday morning. This morning on awakening we
were greeted with the sad news, that our city was taken,
the bridges and public buildings burnt, our troops flying
in every direction. Our little army totally dispersed.
Good God, what will be the event ! This moment a troop
of horse have enter'd, they were on the field of battle,
but not engag'd. Major Ridgely 1 their commander, dis-
approving Genl. Winder's order, refused to obey, left the
army and is taking his troops home. E. Riggs, who was
likewise there has given us a sad detail. He was in
Loughbourough's, who with ten men form'd a recon-
noitering party, and Riggs was employed in carrying
messages from Winder. His account was that the first
skirmish was near Marlborough, where Peters, David-
son's and Strul's ( ?) companies were ordered to attack
the enemies picquets, but on finding how inefficient their
force were, order'd to retreat, which they did in great dis-
order. Winder finding the enemy marching on the Bla-
densburg turnpike, forsook the posts he had taken and
march'd towards the city, where they station'd them-
selves on the hills near Bladensburg bridge. The enemy
march'd on in solid column and attack'd with coolness,
1 One of the Maryland militia officers.
i8i4] CAPTURE OF WASHINGTON 101
and order. The 5th regiment from Baltimore com-
menced the attack and stood their ground firmly, but for
a short time only, they were almost destroy'd and our
whole troops gave way and began a disor'd retreat. The
President who was on the ground, escap'd and has gone
into Virginia. Winder with all the men he can collect
are at the court house. He has directed our poor broken
militia to make the best of their way to Baltimore. Every
hour the poor wearied and terrified creatures are passing
by the door. Mrs. Bently kindly invites them in to rest
and refresh. Major Ridgely's troop of horse all break-
fasted in town, that not a man was left to breakfast in the
tavern. Ann and I hasten'd to assist Mrs. B. in getting
their breakfast, — and Julia and Susan wanted to do
something, help'd to set the table, &c.
Noon. We were much alarm'd by Mr. Milligan, who
called and told Mr. Smith, Genl. Winder had ordered him
to come here for an express, that Montgomery C. H.
was burnt by the British, who were then on their march
for Frederick. But a person who knew him assured us
he was crazy, his account afterwards proved untrue, as
a great many have passed since. Our men look pale
and feeble but more with affright than fatigue, — they
had thrown away their muskets and blankets.
Just as we were going to dinner, a tremendous gust
arose, it has broken the trees very much, in the midst of
it, a wagon came to the door with a family going they
knew not whither. Poor wanderers. Oh how changed
are my feelings, my confidence in our troops is gone, they
may again be rallied, but it will require a long apprentice-
ship to make them good soldiers. Oh my sister how
gloomy is the scene. I do not suppose Government will
ever return to Washington. All those whose property
was invested in that place, will be reduced to poverty.
io2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
Mr. Smith had invested a large portion of his in bridge
stock, — both the bridges are destroy'd, — it serves to be-
guile the time to write, so my dear sister I will write a
kind of journal to you, and send it when I can. I wish
you to keep it. If better times come, it will serve to
remind me of these.
Thursday evening. Our anxiety has been kept alive
the whole day. Our poor men are coming in some two
or three, sometimes a dozen at a time, just now another
troop of horse have come in, they have not been in the
engagement, as they did not arrive until a retreat had
been order'd. Mr. Carr one of the clerks of the Bank
was here just now and has given us the most correct
account we have yet had. Our position was a bad one,
so placed that neither the artillery or cavalry could act.
Barney1 took a position on a hill, the enemy had to pass
and as they ascended rak'd them prodigiously but they
never halted one moment, but marched on in solid mass,
disregarding the dead bodies that fell before them. Bar-
ney and his men did not leave their cannons until they
were within 5 yrds, then spik'd them and retreated, —
Barney badly wounded. They [the enemy] never left
the turnpike but enter'd the city after our retreating
army. They first march'd to the navy yard which is
wholly consumed ; then to Capitol Hill. They had great
difficulty in firing the capitol, several houses on the hill
were burnt by cinders from the Capitol, but none by de-
sign, the President's house, the Potomac bridge, and all
the other public buildings. Mr. Lee went to their camp
at Marlborough (as a citizen unmolested) conversed with
the officers, several of whom he had known in London.
They told him that resistance would be vain; that in-
1 Captain Joshua Barney, U. S. N., was the only man who reaped glory
in this, the greatest disgrace to American arms.
i8i4] DESTRUCTION OF THE CITY 103
stead of 7000, they wished we had 40,000 militia, as it
would make the greater confusion. They bade Mr. Lee
tell the citizens that private property would not be in-
jured, if the houses were not deserted, or private persons
molested, that they intended to destroy the public build-
ings and shipping, and then to march to Baltimore on
one side while Lord Hill with his fleet would attack it
by water. I left our house with reluctance, but when I
urged Mr. Smith to let me remain to protect the house,
he would not hear of it, his duty called him away, and
my situation being so critical, he said no consideration
would induce him to leave me, for altho' the troops when
under their officers might behave well, yet small parties
or drunken soldiers might alarm or injure me in my
present situation. And Ann declared she would not
leave me if she were to die by my side. I had therefore
to yield. I am afraid the consequence of leaving the
house empty will be its destruction. Our house in the
city too is unprotected and contains our most valuable
furniture. In a week more and we may be penniless!
for I count little on the continuance of Mr. S.'s salary.
God only knows when the executive government will
again be organized. But I can say with truth, the in-
dividual loss of property, has not given me a moment's
uneasiness. But the state of our country, has wrung
tears of anguish from me. I trust it will only be mo-
mentary. We are naturally a brave people and it was
not so much fear, as prudence which caused our retreat.
Too late they discovered the dispreparation of our troops.
The enemy were 3 to 1. Their army composed of con-
quering veterans, ours of young mechanics and farmers,
many of whom had never before carried a musket. But
we shall learn the dreadful, horrid trade of war. And
they will make us a martial people, for never, never will
104 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
Americans give up their liberty. But before that time
comes, what sufferings, what reverses, what distress
must be suffer'd. Already, in one night, have hundreds
of our citizens been reduced from affluence to poverty, for
it is not to be expected W will ever again be the
seat of Govt. Last night the woods round the city and
G. T were filled with women and children and old
men and our flying troops. One poor woman, after wan-
dering all night, found at day light she wander'd 10 miles,
— a lady in our neighbourhood, the wife of one of Mr.
S.'s clerks, went out of her senses, her son was in the
army. Mrs. Genl. Mason,1 that lovely woman whom you
knew, is likewise laying dangerously ill. Her husband
was in the engagement and her anxiety has render'd a
common fever dangerous. I am going tomorrow to see
her.
Night, 10 oclock. The street of this quiet village,
which never before witnessed confusion, is now fill'd with
carriages bringing out citizens, and Baggage waggons
and troops. Mrs. Bently's house is now crowded, she
has been the whole evening sitting at the supper table,
giving refreshment to soldiers and travellers. I suppose
every house in the village is equally full. I never saw
more benevolent people. "It is against our principles,"
said she this morning, "to have anything to do with war,
but we receive and relieve all who come to us." The
whole settlement are quakers. The table is just spread
for the 4th or 5th time, more wanderers having just
enter'd.
I know not when you will get this letter. I suppose
the mail will be impeded. How is Maria, — is N. Y.
menaced. My health is improved, thank a kind Provi-
1 Wife of Armistead Thomson Mason, then Colonel of a cavalry regiment.
He was killed in a duel by his brother-in-law John M. McCarty. They
fought with muskets at six paces on the famous Bladensburg duelling ground.
i8i4] ILLNESS OF MRS. MASON 105
dence, the event so dreaded has not taken place and I
now begin to think I shall continue well. I have not
yet read this letter. I know not what I have written. I
thought you would be anxious for intelligence, for tho'
you were no friend to Washington, yet the recent event
is interesting to the nation. The enemy are in the centre
of union !
I will now bid you good night, — let Maria and Susan
Smith know we are safe. Susan particularly, — she will
be miserable.
Farewell, dearest sister, God grant this letter may con-
tain more news, than I may ever have occasion to write
again. Farewell,
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Brookville, August. [1814].
Saturday morning. On Thursday evening I closed
my letter to you. The next morning soon after break-
fast I went to see Mrs. Mason. She had found refuge
in a farm house, with a poor but respectable family, about
4 miles from this place. She had her 3 eldest daughters
with her and 2 servant maids. She was very ill, of a
highly inflamatory billious fever. When I enter'd her
chamber her spirits were much affected. She was too
ill to talk, but when I offered to stay, gladly accepted the
offer. She felt cheerless and desponding, had no confi-
dence in her young physician or servants, who indeed
seem'd very ignorant. She thought herself in danger,
if not of her life, yet of derangement of mind, so con-
tinued and violent was the pain in her head. I imme-
diately took on the functions of a nurse and being much
accustomed to her disease, I soon succeeded in procuring
her entire relief from the pain of her head, and other
106 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
alarming symptoms. I did not leave her a moment dur-
ing the day and sat up part of the night. Dr. Worthing-
ton, her physician arrived. He distress'd me excessively
by his conversation. He exulted in the defeat of our
army in the capture of our city. "Did I not tell this,"
said he, "I suppose, Mrs. Smith, your wise men will now
believe a standing army a necessary thing and a navy in
the bargain." "If they do" (I answer'd) "they will cer-
tainly aim at establishing them, for however mistaken
in judgement, be assured sir, in all their measures, the
administration have honestly and sincerely endeavour'd
to promote the welfare of their country. It was be-
lieved, and all history has proved it to be so, that a stand-
ing army is an instrument of despotism; but if our lib-
erties cannot be preserved without ; the lesser evil will be
chosen, — the risk run." "I do not allow," said he, "a
standing army to be the instrument of despotism, but I
allow it to be inseparable from a monarchy." "I am not
competent to discuss such questions, Sir, but I beg at such
a moment as this, you will not thus seem to rejoice at
what every friend of his country must mourn over."
The tears started in my eyes, and seeing my distress
silenced him at the time, tho' every now and then his
evident satisfaction broke forth. Surely it is not possi-
ble that such is the disposition of all the federal party, no,
no, few I hope could speak as he did. On Saturday
morning Genl. Mason arrived, this was joyful tidings for
his poor wife. I left them together and did not see the
Genl. until breakfast. He appeared excessively har-
rass'd. He and Mr. Rush had never left the President
since our disgraceful retreat. He had crossed over with
him into Virginia, where he had collected troops and
2000 brave fellows then following his steps to our poor
city, commanded by Genl. Hungerford a revolutionary
i8i4] THE PRESIDENT AT BROOKVILLE 107
officer. Wherever they pass'd, they as well as our flying
forces were received with the most affectionate kindness,
not only at large houses but at every hovel ; the women
came out with milk, bread, spirits, or something to offer
the weary soldiers and to press them to rest and refresh.
Everywhere he met indignation at the invading force and
an alacrity to march against them, but the most prominent
sentiment was mortification at the precipitate retreat of
our army. The President and himself had arrived the
night before and staid at Mrs. Bently's where we were.
Mrs. Mason begged him not to stay one moment on her
account, but urged him to depart that he might to the
utmost serve his country. After breakfast he return'd
to Brookville, soon after Mr. Smith sent for me and I was
obliged to leave this amiable woman. She parted with
me with reluctance as I was the only one near her who
had any experience in her disease. When I arrived to-
day at Brookville, the President and his suite had gone.
The girls were very sorry I had been absent, as the scene
in B. had been novel and interesting. Just at bed time
the Presd. had arrived and all hands went to work to pre-
pare supper and lodgings for him, his companions and
guards, — beds were spread in the parlour, the house was
filled and guards placed round the house during the night.
A large troop of horse likewise arrived and encamp'd for
the night, beside the mill-wall in a beautiful little plain,
so embosom'd in woods and hills. The tents were scat-
ter'd along the riverlet and the fires they kindled on
the ground and the lights within the tents had a beauti-
ful appearance. All the villagers, gentlemen and ladies,
young and old, throng'd to see the President. He was
tranquil as usual, and tho' much distressed by the dread-
ful event, which had taken place not dispirited. He ad-
vised Mr. Smith to return to the city, whither he was
io8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
himself going. Mr. Monroe and some other gentlemen
join'd him and about noon he set off for our suffering
city. The rest of the day we pass'd tranquilly. It is
now night, all around is quiet. All the inhabitants of this
peaceful village sleep in peace. How silent! How
serene! the moonlight gilds the romantic landscape that
spreads around me. Oh my God, what a contrast is this
repose of nature, to the turbulence of society. How
much more dreadful is the war of man with man, than
the strife of elements. On Thursday the hurricane
which blew down houses, tore up trees and spread terror
around, pass'd in a few minutes and nature recovered her
tranquility. But oh my country, when will the destroy-
ing tempest which is now ravaging and destroying thy
property and happiness, when will that be hushed to peace !
At this moment, escaped from danger, I, and my family,
all I hold most dear, are safe. But when I think of my
good fellow citizens, when I think of our poor soldiers,
flying on every part, sinking under fatigue and pain and
hunger, dying alone and unknown, scattered in woods
and fields — when I think of these horrors, I can hardly
enjoy my own security.
Tuesday 30. Here we are, once more restored to our
home. How shall I be sufficiently thankful for the mer-
cies I have experienced. Once more the precious objects
of my affection are gathered round me under our own
roof. But how long shall I enjoy this blessing! The
blast has pass'd by, without devastating this spot. But the
storm is not yet over, dark, gloomy, lowering is the pros-
pect, and far more dreadful scenes may be impending.
Never did I feel so affected, so hopeless and sunk, as I
did yesterday in the city. Oh my sister, what a sight!
But to resume my journal. On Sunday morning we left
Brookeville. Our ride was pleasant. All the way we
i8i4] RETURN TO SIDNEY 109
were conjecturing how we should find our dwelling.
We saw no vestige of the late scene, till we approach'd
the gate that open'd in to our farm, then in the woods
we saw a cannon whose carriage was broken, near the
ruins of our cottage. On descending the hill, at the foot
of a tree we saw a soldier sleeping on his arms, — leaving
the woods we saw four or 5 others crossing the field and
picking apples. When we reach'd the yard, a soldier
with his musket was standing by the gate and asked per-
mission to get a drink. These men were only passing
over the farm. We found the house just as we had left
it, and the vestige of no enemy, but the hurricane of
Thursday which had blown down fences and trees. Julia
and Ann cook'd us up a little dinner and in the afternoon
we rode to the city. We pass'd several dead horses.
The poor capitol! nothing but its blacken'd walls re-
mained! 4 or 5 houses in the neighbourhood were like-
wise in ruins. Some men had got within these houses
and fired on the English as they were quietly marching
into the city, they killed 4 men and Genl. Rosse's horse.
I imagine Genl. R. thought that his life was particularly
aim'd at, for while his troops remained in the city he
never made his appearance, altho' Cochburn and the
other officers often rode through the avenue. It was on
account of this outrage that these houses were burnt.
We afterwards look'd at the other public buildings, but
none were so thoroughly destroy'd as the House of Rep-
resentatives and the President's House. Those beauti-
ful pillars in that Representatives Hall were crack'd and
broken, the roof, that noble dome, painted and carved
with such beauty and skill, lay in ashes in the cellars be-
neath the smouldering ruins, were yet smoking. In the
P. H. not an inch, but its crack'd and blacken'd walls re-
main'd. That scene, which when I last visited it, was so
no WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
splendid, throng' d with the great, the gay, the ambitious
placemen, and patriotic Heros was now nothing but ashes,
and was it these ashes, now trodden under foot by the
rabble, which once possess'd the power to inflate pride, to
gratify vanity. Did we ever honour the inhabitants of
this ruin the more for their splendid habitation, — was this
an object of desire, ambition, envy? Alas, yes and this is
human grandeur! How fragile, how transitory! Who
would have thought that this mass so solid, so mag-
nificent, so grand, which seem'd built for generations to
come, should by the hands of a few men and in the space
of a few hours, be thus irreparably destroy'd. Oh van-
ity of human hopes ! After this melancholy survey, Mr.
Smith went to see the President, who was at Mr. Cutts'
(his brother in law) where we found Mrs. Madison and
her sister Mrs. Cutts. Mrs. M. seem'd much depress'd,
she could scarcely speak without tears. She told me she
had remained in the city till a few hours before the En-
glish enter'd. She was so confident of Victory that she
was calmly listening to the roar of cannon, and watching
the rockets in the air, when she perceived our troops rush-
ing into the city, with the haste and dismay of a routed
force. The friends with her then hurried her away, (her
carriage being previously ready) and she with many
other families, among whom was Mrs. Thornton and
Mrs. Cutting with her, retreated with the flying army.
In George town they perceived some men before them
carrying off the picture of Genl. Washington (the large
one by Stewart) which with the plate, was all that was
saved out of the President's house. Mrs. M. lost all her
own property. The wine, of which there was a great
quantity, was consumed by our own soldiers. Mrs. M.
slept that night in the encampment, a guard being placed
round her tent, the next day she cross'd into Virginia
3>
<
o
'Eh
u
i8i4] COCKBURN'S PROCEEDINGS m
where she remained until Sunday, when she return'd to
meet her husband. Men, soldiers, expresses were round
the house, the President was in a room with his cabinet,
from whence he issued his orders. The English frigates
were laying before Alexandria and as it was supposed
only waiting for a wind to come up to the city. The belief
was that about 700 or more sailors were to be let loose
in the city for plunder, dreadful idea. A universal des-
pondency seem'd to pervade the people, — we every where
met them in scatter'd groups, relating or listening to their
fears. We drank tea at Mrs. Thornton's, who described
to us the manner in which they conflagrated the Presi-
dent's H. and other buildings, — 50 men, sailors and
marines, were marched by an ofhcer, silently thro' the
avenue, each carrying a long pole to which was fixed a
ball about the circumference of a large plate, — when ar-
rived at the building, each man was station'd at a win-
dow, with his pole and machine of wild-fire against it,
at the word of command, at the same instant the windows
were broken and this wild-fire thrown in, so that an in-
stantaneous conflagration took place and the whole build-
ing was wrapt in flames and smoke. The spectators
stood in awful silence, the city was light and the heavens
redden'd with the blaze ! The day before Cockburn paid
this house a visit and forced a young gentleman of our
acquaintance to go with him, — on entering the dining
room they found the table spread for dinner, left pre-
cipitally by Mrs. M, — he insisted on young Weightman's
sitting down and drinking Jemmy's health, which was the
only epithet he used whenever he spoke of the President.
After looking round, he told Mr. W. to take something
to remember this day. Mr. W. wished for some valu-
able article. No, no said he, that I must give to the
flames, but here, handing him some ornaments off the
ii2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
mantle-piece, these will answer as a memento. I must
take something too, and looking round, he seized an old
hat a chapeau de bras of the President's, and a cushion off
Mrs. M.'s chair, declaring these should be his trophies,
adding pleasantries too vulgar for me to repeat. When
he went to burn Mr, Gale's office, whom he called his
"dear Josey" ; Mrs. Brush, Mrs. Stelle and a few citizens
remonstrated with him, assuring him that it would occa-
sion the loss of all the buildings in the row. "Well," said
he, "good people I do not wish to injure you, but I am
really afraid my friend Josey will be affronted with me,
if after burning Jemmy's palace, I do not pay him the
same compliment, — so my lads, take your axes, pull down
the house, and burn the papers in the street." This was
accordingly done. He told Mrs. Brush and several
others, that no houses should be injur'd but such as were
shut and deserted. Mr. Cutting and Mrs. B. saved ours,
by opening the windows. Cockburn often rode down
the avenue, on an old white mare with a long main and
tail and followed by its fold to the dismay of the spec-
tators. He, and all his officers and soldiers were per-
fectly polite to the citizens. He bade them complain of
any soldier that committed the least disorder and had
several severly punished, for very slight offenses. All
provisions were paid for. He stop'd at a door, at which
a young lady was standing and enter'd into familiar con-
versation. "Now did you expect to see me such a clever
fellow," said he, "were you not prepared to see a savage,
a ferocious creature, such as Josey represented me ? But
you see I am quite harmless, don't be afraid, I will take
better care of you than Jemmy did !" Such was his man-
ner,— that of a common sailor, not of a dignified com-
mander. He however deserves praise and commenda-
tion for his own good conduct and the discipline of his
i8i4J ARMSTRONG AND WINDER BLAMED 113
sailors and Marines, for these were the destroying agents.
The land troops and officers were scarcely seen while in
the city, but kept close qrs at the navy yard. Cockburn
had ordered Col. Wharton's and Capt. Tingey's (?)
houses (both public property) and the barracks and arse-
nal to be burnt, but on a remonstrance from the citizens,
and an assurance the fire would destroy private property
he desisted, "I want to injure no citizen," said he, "and
so your Barracks may stand." I must praise his modera-
tion, indeed his conduct was such as to disarm the preju-
dices that existed. During the stay of their troops in the
city, it was so still you might have heard a pin drop on
the pavement. The negroes all hid themselves and in-
stead of a mutinous spirit, have never evinced so much
attachment to the whites and such dread of the enemy.
I could fill sheets with similar anecdotes, but the above
will give you an idea of Cockburn. They left the city
precipitately, from the idea that Winder was collecting
his forces and would by going round them, cut off their
retreat to their ships. And this could have been done,
and our poor soldiers were willing and able for any
enterprise, but their commanders, — Ah their command-
ers, Armstrong and Winder on their shoulders lies the
blame of our disastrous flight and defeat. Our men were
all eager to fight and were marching on with a certainty
of victory, more than 2000 had not fired their muskets,
when Armstrong and Winder gave the order for a re-
treat, and to enforce that order added terror to authority !
The English officers have told some of our citizens that
they could not have stood more than 10 minutes longer
that they had march'd that day 13 miles, and were ex-
hausted with thirst, heat and fatigue. It is said 2 Irish
regiments wish'd to be taken and were on the point of
joining us when the retreat commenced. I have con-
ii4 WASHINGTON SOCIETY LAug
versed with many of our officers and men. All agree in
this statement, that the troops wish'd to fight, and were
full of spirit and courage. The English expected great
resistance. Yesterday when in the city I conversed with
a great many citizens, they were all disponding, dis-
hearten'd. The President is determined on making a
resistance in case the enemy return. But our citizens
sent a deputation begging him not to attempt it, as it
would be ineffectual, and would only be making them and
the roofs that shelter'd them a sacrifice. "They now,"
they said, "had neither their honor or property to loose.
All they valued was gone." The President's orders
however, were enforced and all day yesterday while I
was in the city I saw them collecting. Troops are or-
der'd from all around, and 3000 are expected tonight.
Alexandria has surrender'd its town with all their flour
and merchandize and the frigates are now laying before
that town, loading the Alexandria shipping with the
goods of the citizens. What will be our fate I know not.
The citizens who remain'd are now moving out, and all
seem more alarm'd than before. I brought Eliza Doyne
(that was) out with me. Mrs. Brush is coming out this
evening and has sent out all her furniture. I prefer offer-
ing our house as an asylum to the poor than the rich.
There is dreadful individual suffering, — one of Mr. S.'s
clerk's was here this morning, his house and furniture
were all burnt, even his clothing and he and his family are
reduced to penury. Hundreds, I may say thousands of
our flying troops pass'd thro our farm after the engage-
ment. The English got within half a mile of us and
have plunder'd our neighbours on the adjoining farms, —
the intervening wood hid us from them. On their re-
treat through Bladensburg they have done a great deal
of injury, destroying furniture, carrying off cattle &c.
i8i4] GENERAL CONSTERNATION 115
The consternation around us is general. The despond-
ency still greater. But / look forward with hope, our
troops are again collecting and altho' the poor citizens
are dishearten'd by the fate of their city, the rest of
the army are still willing to fight. Universal execration
follows Armstrong, who it is believed never wished to
defend the city and I was assured that had he pass'd thro'
the city the day after the engagement, he would have
been torn to pieces. The district certainly was not in a
state of preparation, whether from want of ability or
want of inclination on the part of the administration we
can not know. The city was capable of defence and
ought to have been defended. But we will retrieve, yes
I trust we will retrieve our character and restore our cap-
ital. Oh that I a feeble woman could do something!
This is not the first capital of a great empire, that has
been invaded and conflagrated ; Rome was reduced still
lower by the Goths of old, than we are, and when its sen-
ate proposed removing the seat of government, they were
answered, Romans would never be driven from their
homes, Rome should never be destroy'd. May a Roman
spirit animate our people, and the Roman example be
followed by the Americans. Meanwhile, you will ask
for some domestic details. We are in that state of con-
fusion, which with our clothes and furniture all re-
moved you may imagine. Mrs. Brush and Mrs. Gram-
mar (E. Doyne) are added to our family. Every hour
brings a different rumour ; we know not what to believe
and scarcely what to hope. We are determined how-
ever not again to quit the house, but to run all risques
here, as we find our enemy not so ferocious as we ex-
pected and that property is much endanger'd by quitting
it. I shall persuade Ann to go to Brookville and take
the children, if more alarming intelligence arrives. I am
n6 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
now so harden'd to fatigue and alarm, that I do not fear
my health will suffer. The same external symtoms con-
tinue and I am astonished I am not much weakened by
so long a continuation. But I am not [torn out] no
depression, but feel wound up to be [torn out.] I trust
when the hour of alarm or trial comes I shall be enabled
to support it. Ann is as composed and easy as if all was
peace. She is all that is kind and attentive to me and
the children, and in the absence of our servants, she and
Julia do everything. Do not be so anxious about us my
dearest sister. The back is fitted to the burden. As yet,
my strength has not been tryed. I trust not in myself, —
the firm, the innate, the deep felt conviction that every
thing is over ruled by a great and a good God, reconciles
me to every event. The late astonishing events in Eu-
rope, and the dreadful ones here, seem to have so sunk all
human grandeur, all human concerns in my estimation,
and human life appears so short, so very short, that
instead of anxiety, I feel almost indifference. All will
soon be past, whether life is spent in suffering or enjoy-
ment, is of little moment, so that it is well spent, — we
cannot suffer long. External circumstances are of little
consequence, so that in all we do our duty. Such are my
reflections; and my whole effort now, is not to escape
from suffering and danger, but to be active in the per-
formance of the duties they bring with them. Please to
send my letter to Maria. I cannot write over, — dear,
dear sister adieu. Do not be anxious about me, — I am
not uneasy myself.
i8i4J THE COUNTRY LAID WASTE 117
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Sidney Sept 1 1 . [1814]
. . . . The affairs of our country grow more and
more gloomy; last night the perusal of the papers made
me quite melancholy, at Plattsburgh, N. London, N.
Haven, all was consternation and alarm, families remov-
ing their property, and many, I suppose, as in this place
wandering from their homes, without knowing where to
find a shelter. All around our neighborhood was fill'd ;
those who could not get into houses encamp'd in the
woods. In our old church there were 9 families. At
Mrs. Fries 5 families with 18 children with scarcely any-
thing to eat. Every day we are hearing of new instances
of the cruelty of the soldiery and individual suffering.
It has been the poor who have been the principle suffer-
ers. At Bladensburgh which was inhabited chiefly by
poor persons, the gentlemen having large houses and
farms around the houses are much damaged by cannon
ball &c — many of them occupied by the British wounded
and our wounded men. (The army left all of their
wounded for us to take care of) — The poor owners thus
excluded, their gardens, corn fields and enclosures laid
waste ; their horses all taken. In the army's march from
Benedict they made tents and beds of all the green corn,
for which purpose they cut down whole fields. I am
told this country (from Benedict to Washington) is
totally laid waste ; you can scarcely get anything for man
or horse to eat. They strip'd the people of their cloth-
ing, taking women's and even children's clothes. All
this was done by the straggling parties of soldiers who
robb'd only the poor. At Bladensburg, Marlboro' and
Wood Yard, the officers had guards placed around the
u8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1814
houses of many considerable and wealthy persons and
obtruded no further than to go to lodge, breakfast or
dine with the gentlemen, except where they found houses
empty and deserted, in which case they generally de-
stroyed them. We ran a great risque in deserting ours.
We are again establish'd and I now think nothing (ex-
cepting an army of Cossacks) shall induce me again to
leave it. The battle was very near to us. In the next
farm, there was skirmishing, and 10 dead bodies were
found (of the enemy) some only 4 or 5 days ago. A
poor old lady, one of our nearest, neighbors, heard the
bullets rattling around her house and has found a good
many in the yard. I say I will remain, tho' all who did,
say nothing would induce them to again go through such,
scenes. I have heard of two persons I knew, who have
lost their senses, and several I have seen are very much
alter'd in their looks. Mrs. Bradley is the only one who
would go thro' the same scenes again — she is generally
timid, but she says when the hour of trial came, courage
came with it. Several hundred of our flying troups
were at her house, she dress'd their wounds and gave
them meat and drink. I am persuaded the enemy lost
many more than was at first supposed, as bodies are daily
found, unburied, under bushes, in gulleys. Alas poor
wretches, how many anxious hearts in England may be
looking for your return! The wounded and prisoners
who remain, all express themselves delighted with this
country, many who have been in France and Spain, say
they never saw so beautiful or so rich a country and won-
der how so happy a people could go to war. It is sup-
posed between 4 or 500 blacks have either [obliterated]
taken. They have behaved well, been quiet, and [oblit-
erated] in general appear to dread the enemy as much as
we do. Thus we are spared one evil and the one I had
i8i5] DOMESTIC REARRANGEMENTS 119
most dread of. Muskets, cartridge boxes, were found
by ioo's and in possession of the blacks, who have all
cheerfully given them up, to the persons sent to look for
and collect them. Our black men found 3 on our farm,
which they immediately gave up. Citizens have re-
turned and are slowly and despondently resuming busi-
ness, but society and individuals have received a shock it
will require a long time to recover from. I now begin
to feel a little composed and able to resume my ordinary
employments. Mr. Smith has lost considerably by the
destruction of the Bridges, in both of which he had in-
vested a large sum. We shall make some change in our
living, so as to reduce our expenditures. We have given
up our house in the city, as it was much wanted and we
shall not go there next winter. Excuse me for writing
on one subject only. It is the only one of which we talk
or think. But our country, our poor country. It seems
surrounded. No place seems safe. I will not begin on
another sheet, but conclude this with begging you my
dear sister to write as soon as you can. All our family
are perfectly well. Matty as well as ever she was in her
life, she was quite safe during the alarm, in an obscure
farm I had sent her to.
TO SAML. HARRISON SMITH1
Lone house — by the way side. [1815]
What a novel letter I could write you if I but had the
time and if the passing stage will not take me up, I shall
have time enough, for here I must stay till they do, if
its all day and night too. A few miles this side of Ches-
ter, our stage broke, but the mud was so deep, the gen-
1 Mrs. Smith was on her way to Philadelphia to visit her brother Andrew
Bayard, President of the Commercial Bank of Philadelphia. She finished
the letter in Philadelphia.
i2o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1815
tlemen would not let me get out, we all sat on the upper
side, (one of the braces was broke and the carriage
rested on the axel) and were drag'd thro' the mud to
this house, about two miles off. It was ten o'clock and
the people all abed and it was a long time before we
could waken them. At last the door was open'd by a
nice good looking old quaker lady, with fear and trem-
bling however. There were no men and no assistance
of any kind — the moon was just down and the night so
foggy that the driver said it would be very dark. I
therefore begged the old lady to keep me all night. The
gentlemen said they could get on the horses or walk and
as they were anxious to get on, they bade me farewell
and commended me to the lady's care. It was eleven
o'clock before they got off, the stage supported by an old
rail. I then begged my good quaker, to take me to the
kitchen fire, as I was very cold and wet. My feet had
been wet all day, and getting in and out of the stages in
the rain, for it had rain'd hard all day, had wet my
clothes. Two sweet looking young women got up and
soon made a fine fire. I got in to the chimney corner,
for the chimney was like old Mrs. Tracy's, undress'd and
dried and warm'd myself. I ask'd them if it would not
be too much trouble, if they could give me something for
supper. They said they really had nothing at all in the
house they didnt often accommodate people, it being a
house just for the market folks to stop at. I told them a
bowl of tea, with brown sugar would do, for I felt chilly
and weary. They put on the tea kettle, and on my asking
for an egg, found one. They seem'd curious about me,
and when I told them that I came from Washington, I
became an object of curiosity to them and they asked
me a hundred questions, — particularly about its being
taken by the British, and about slaves. While my kettle
i8iS] NIGHT IN A STRANGE HOUSE 121
was boiling, I sat in one corner and the old lady in the
other corner of the chimney. She was a pale, delicate
looking woman, with an uncommonly sweet face. She
regretted much having no better accomodation, but I told
her truly it was more agreeable than a public house, that
I could feel as if she was my mother, at least take as good
care of me and that her daughters were just the age of
mine. Here I must say, a few tears would in spite of me
break from my full heart, at the thought of home dear
home — dangers being now over my courage was over
too. The dear old lady was so kind. In a few mo-
ments I went on with my history of the taking and burn-
ing of Washington, which all listen'd eagerly to, while
we sat cowering over the fire. I related all the little
anecdotes I could remember, our fears at Sidney, and
when they heard that I could fire a pistol and had slept
with a loaded pistol under my head, and Ann with a pen-
knife in her bosom, they were lost in astonishment and
look'd on me as something wonderful. The simplicity
of the good folks amused me and their extreme interest
excited me to tell them all about Ross Cockburn &c &c
I could recollect and like the old soldier I sat by the "fire
and show'd how fields were won" — lost I mean. When-
ever I was about to pause, they begg'd me to go on.
My little table was put in the corner by me, my bowl
of tea and one egg and two crackers I was wrapped in
my flannel gown, and my clothes hung round the stove
to dry. The sheets for my bed were hung on a chair
before the blaze, and if I had indeed been her daughter
she could not have been more careful of me, but there
was a sick child upstairs whom they had to watch by.
I therefore summon'd up courage to go to bed alone
(the only thing I dreaded) they took me thro' five or
six doors, into another house which had been built in
122 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1815
addition to this. I requested the candle might be left.
In vain I tried to sleep. It was raining and blowing, the
windows and doors rattling. I became every moment
more nervous, something in the room, threw a shadow
on the wall exactly like a coffin — that night week dear
Elizabeth had died — her image, almost herself was by
me, the candle was almost out, I trembled so the bedstead
shook under me. I felt almost sure if left in the dark
I should fall into some kind of fit, at last I jump'd up
and without waiting to put on my flannel gown, I took
my almost expiring candle, determined to find my way
to the kitchen, and if I could not find another candle, to
sit in the chimney corner all night. I open'd the door of
a chamber next me, hoping some one of the family might
be there, but I saw a bedstead, the idea tha( some one
might have just died there struck me. I dared not look
farther, but found my way down stairs into a large empty
room, with four doors, I opened the one nearest to me,
the wind rushed in and blew out my candle. I then
groped all round the room. Two doors were bolted, at
last I found one that yielded to my hand, I open'd it, but
knew not where I was and was afraid of falling down
steps. I thought it best to return to my chamber, tho'
with a horror I cannot describe — then I thought I would
sit down in the empty room on the floor. The windows
shook with the storm, as if they would have fallen in — the
wind blew most violently and some open door was creak-
ing and slaming. I shook, so I could scarcely stand and
was quite unable to find the door at the foot of the stairs.
At last, some one called out — Who's there ? I answer'd
and the old woman came to me with a light, and look'd
quite frightened to see me there. She took me in the
kitchen, — the fire was still burning, and they had been
making up bread, &c. I told them I felt unwell and had
i8i5] MRS. SMITH'S TERROR 123
come down for another candle — they mixed me a glass
of toddy, as they saw me shaking as if I had an ague.
After I got warm'd I began one of the stories that had
interested them so much and was very eloquent indeed,
in hopes of beguiling them to sit up an hour or two with
me, but they were too sleepy, for even my most wonderful
stories to keep them awake. At last finding neither
Cochburn's murders, nor negro conspiracies, nor Georgia
negro buyers could keep their eyes open, I again ask'd
for a bed fellow and said I felt so lonely I could not sleep.
But the daughter could not be spared, and I again re-
turned with a whole candle and crept into bed, where the
kind girl tucked me in. But it was in vain, I repeated
poetry and exerted my reason. I whose courage had that
morning been so admired and extoll'd by my fellow trav-
ellers, when in danger of losing my life was now ill with
imaginary terrors. After about an hour, I heard doors
opening and shutting then foot steps ascending the stairs
— then some one at my door, who whispered, "Are you
awake?" To which I gladly answered "Yes," for even
the entrance of robbers would have been welcome. But
it was my good old lady, who feeling uneasy, had made
her youngest daughter, a little girl the size of Anna Maria
get up and brought her to me as a bed fellow. The
moment I felt warm flesh and blood near me and her little
arm round me my trembling and shiverings ceased and
soon I drop't into a sweet sleep, from which I was
awaken'd by a bright sun, shining in my windows. My
pretty bed fellow assisted to dress me and when I went
down in the sitting room, I found a fine looking grey-
headed old man that put me in mind of Mr. K. He
was the father of the family, and I had again in answer
to his questions to relate my dangers and hair breadth
escapes. A little breakfast table was set for me, and
i24 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1815
when done they cut this sheet of paper out of a book for
me and with an old stub of a pen, I am sitting by the stove
to write. No stage has yet pass'd. I think it probable
the roads were so dangerous near the Susquehanah and
so deep elsewhere, something may have happen'd and
that they will not be along till in the evening or night,
like us. I can find no book in the house, so for my own
amusement as well as yours will write on, if it be all day
and by way of making it answer for a chapter in the
great work, will go into details in the novel style — this
will be killing two birds with one stone.
Now to begin my journal. Like all other times of
war and peace, it affords little to say. My ride to Balti-
more was as pleasant as on a summer's day, my compan-
ion a very agreeable man who knew everybody I knew in
New York, and we talked of all the old acquaintance of
twenty and 30 years back — he told me who he was, his
business and family. I told him who I was, my husband's
business and our family and before we reached Baltimore
felt like old acquaintance. When the stage stopp'd we
were taken into the stage office and found on enquiry,
not a single passenger was going on to Philad. Mr.
Dey, said if I would wait he would go to the other stage
office and enquire. There were a parcel of men standing
round, but no one offer'd me a chair. I asked one of
them to carry my letter into Mr. Williamson. Soon after
the bar keeper came and asked me to walk into a parlour,
where a very genteel young man, came and in the most
respectful way, enquir'd what he could do for my ac-
comodation, stating his father was very ill, but he would
execute any commands I might give him. When he
understood my wishes, he begg'd me to walk in a better
parlour up stairs, while he would go to the other stage
office and learn what passengers there were, begging
i8i5] STAGE JOURNEY TO PHILADELPHIA 125
me to feel quite at home and order what I pleased. He
soon return'd, likewise Mr. Dey, with information there
were two gentlemen going on to Philad. I then ordered
a slight dinner, while Mr. D. went to take my seat and
speak to the gentlemen and Mr. The stage
stopp'd and I left off. In the stage were very clever
people, but you may judge of the state of the roads,
when I was four hours coming 1 5 miles. At four o'clock
I got safely here, but alas not to find all as happy as I
had hoped, the whole family were in the greatest anxiety
as Sally was very ill. I did not see sister or Elizabeth
untill this morning, her life was in danger I believe for
some hours, at one, the child was born — it was six
months, it is still alive but no probability of its living. I
hope Sally is out of danger, but poor sister and brother
are very, very anxious. In this state of the family I feel
in the way, tho' all are kind enough to persuade me to
stay longer, I think it best to go tomorrow. Brother
would have gone with me, had not this event occur'd.
Oh how frail is the tenure of human felicity. This happy
family may soon be plunged into the greatest grief.
Mrs. Bayard, Caroline, Susan and Mrs. Hodge1 and
several other friends came in to see me and have been
again this morning. I can scarcely steal time for a few
lines, and am writing with them all around me. All are
unsettled, going and coming from Sally's. I feel anx-
ious but shall go tomorrow. I am perfectly well, all the
better for the exposure and adventures I have met with.
I meant to give you an account of the passage of the
Susquehannah, and the rest of my journey, but now I
feel in no spirits to write it. All our friends and con-
nections of all the different families are in deep mourn-
1 Mrs. Smith's mother, Col. Bayard's first wife (he was married three
times), was Margaret Hodge. Her visitors were all members of her family.
126 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
ing. I do not want the girls to get any, but it might be
as well to lay aside their gay ribbons. Things seem
very different here and at Sidney — they have just come
in to say Sally is much better and has fallen asleep. This
is very favorable. I wrote those few lines from Elketon
under the impression the mail to Washington would be
missing, but it was the northern mail which was deranged.
I cannot write more now, for every moment some one
is coming in. Heaven bless you all.
I cannot even read over what I have written.
FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON1
Monticello, August 6 — 16
I have received, dear Madam, your very friendly let-
ter of July 21, and assure you that I feel with deep
sensibility its kind expression towards myself, and the
more as from a person than whom no others could be
more in sympathy with my own affections. I often call
to mind the occasion of knowing your worth which the
societies of Washington furnished; and none more than
those derived from your much valued visit to Monticello.
I recognize the same motives of goodness in the solicitude
you express on the rumor supposed to proceed from a
letter of mine to Charles Thomson, on the subject of the
Christian religion, it is true that, in writing to the
translater of the Bible and Testament, that subject was
mentioned ; but equally so that no adherence to any par-
ticular mode of Christianity was there expressed; nor
any change of opinions suggested, a change from what?
The priests indeed have heretofore thought proper to
1 Mr. J. Henley Smith read this letter before the Historical Society
of the District of Columbia, and it was printed in The Evening Star, Feb. 6,
1900, and in the proceedings of the Society for that year.
i8i6] JEFFERSON'S RELIGION 127
ascribe to me religious, or rather anti-religious, senti-
ments of their own fabric, but such as soothed their
resentments against the Act of Virginia for establishing
religious freedom. They wish him to be thought atheist,
deeist, or devil, who could advocate freedom from their
religious dictations, but I have ever thought religion a
concern purely between our God and our consciences for
which we were accountable to him, and not to the priests.
I never told my own religion nor scrutinized that of
another. I never attempted to make a convert, nor wish
to change another's creed. I have ever judged of the
religion of others by their lives ; and by this test, my dear
Madam, I have been satisfied yours must be an excellent
one, to have produced a life of such exemplary virtue and
correctness, for it is in our lives and not from our words,
that our religion must be read. By the same test, the
world must judge me.
But this does not satisfy the priesthood, they must
have a positive, a declared assent to all their interested ab-
surdities. My opinion is that there would never have
been an infidel, if there had never been a priest. The
artificial structure they have built on the purest of all
moral systems for the purpose of deriving from it pence
and power revolts those who think for themselves and
who read in that system only what is really there. These
therefore they brand with such nicknames as their enmity
chooses gratuitously to impute. I have left the world in
silence, to judge of causes from their effects; and I am
consoled in this course, my dear friend, when I perceive
the candor with which I am judged by your justice and
discernment ; and that, notwithstanding the slanders of the
Saints, my fellow citizens have thought me worthy of
trust. The imputations of irreligion having spent their
force, they think an imputation of change might now be
128 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1816
turned to account as a bolster for their duperies. I shall
leave them as heretofore to grope on in the dark.
Our family, at Monticello is all in good health. Ellen
speaking of you with affection, and Mrs. Randolph al-
ways regretting the accident which so far deprived her
of the happiness of your former visit. She still cherishes
the hope of some future renewal of that kindness; in
which we all join her, as an assurance of affectionate
attachment and respect. Th. Jefferson.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington,] Wednesday morning. [1816]
Good Heavens! my dear sister, what a picture have
you drawn of my good, my old friend Col. Johnson. The
most tender hearted, mild, affectionate and benevolent of
men. He a man of blood! He delight more in the
sword than the Pen! He, whose countenance beams
with good will to all, whose soul seems to feed on the milk
of human kindness! No indeed, never did he draw his
sword, but to defend his invaded country. War is not his
trade, and when he fought, it was not for hire. At the
time when the western states were attack'd, he by his own
personal influence rais'd a volunteer corps of young men
of family and education, who follow'd him thro' every
danger, hardship and suffering to our frontier, and with
a deep river on one side, an impassable marsh on the
other, he attack'd a large body of indians, with a cool
and determined bravery, which none but great souls can
[torn out]. During his march thro' the enemy's country,
the women and children of the English came to him for
protection, and never came in vain. He would not allow
his men to pick even an apple from a tree, tho' often
i8i6] COL. JOHNSON OF KENTUCKY 129
almost fainting from want. After vanquishing the en-
emy he return'd home, covered with glory and wounds,
and more than ever beloved by his countrymen, and is
now without any comparison the most popular and re-
spected member from Kentucky. Mr. Clay would stand
no chance if opposed to him. He is a man of domestic
habits and disposition, and his mild and amiable dis-
position was not alter'd by a short campaign. Last
winter when he defended the widow and the orphan's
cause (in the case of Mrs. Hamilton)1 as pathetically
as eloquently, there was scarcely a dry eye in the house.
His eloquence is not that of imagination, but of the
heart. His mind is not highly cultivated, or rather I
should say his taste. He has always been too much a
man of business to have much time for reading. He
is one of the leading men in Congress, and therefore on
a number of committees. He might have been quite a
fashionable man, as he is always invited to parties. But
he preferr'd home and is plain in dress and manners. I
should not so warmly have vindicated a favorite, but that
I shrewdly suspect he is a great admirer of your daughter.
And I most sincerely believe, if she wished it, she might
convert him into your son. He was here all last evening
and hung or if you please sat enamour'd by her while she
play'd and sung. But Mary does not much fancy him.
She thinks him too much too old (he is about 40), then
he wants grace, polish and a fashionable [torn out] and
above all he lives in Kentucky. Now I think the last is
the only objection, in all other respects, (as far as I nozv
know) for my own part I should like him for a son.
But Mary only laughs at all I can say, and like other
young girls thinks she has the world before her to choose
1 Johnson advocated the bills for relief of widows of Revolutionary sol-
diers in several impassioned speeches.
i3o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
and will not have one who to solid worth does not join
the graces and everything which is requisite to a perfect
character. I shall make close inquiries of Mrs. Clay
about his family &c before he visits much oftener, in case
of consequences. I have passed the last 4 days and nights
almost exclusively with Mrs. Clay, who has lost a lovely
infant of three months old with the whooping cough.1
Mrs. Brown (her sister) Mrs. Lowndes and myself di-
vided the task of attending it, and on Monday night it
died in my arms. I shall pass this evening with her in-
stead of the drawing room, to which otherwise we should
have gone, as Mrs. Madison, who was here the other
morning, press'd us, particularly the young folks, to come
every evening, and this is to be a full evening. But they
seem quite contented to stay at home. . . ,
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington,] Deer. 5th 1816. Thursday morning.
. . . . We were at the drawing room last night,
there were not above 200 people, and it was too thin to
feel at one's ease. A crowd is certainly animating.
Just as I was dressed and just putting the finishing
touches by the parlour glass, the door opened, without
a knock and in come Mrs. Caldwell and Mr. Finley,2
ushered in by Lytleton. I had een to put on my hand-
kerchief and tie on my ribands before them. Mrs. C.
had forgotten it was drawing room evening. I told Mr.
F. he had better go along, — meaning it quite for a joke,
but he took it quite in earnest, and said, Why really he
1This was their ninth child. They had eleven, six daughters and five
sons.
2 Rev. Robert Finley, of New Jersey, a Presbyterian divine, who founded
at this time the American Colonization Society.
i8i6] MRS. MADISON'S "DRAWING ROOM" 131
should like it very much. "But," said I, "what are you
to do with your boots?" "Why, certainly, a clergyman
may go in boots." "I don't know," said I, "but I should
be afraid a clergyman's boots would tear the ladies'
dresses as much as any other." "Well," said Mrs. Cald-
well, "there is a shoe store near, and he can get a pair of
shoes." "Agreed," said Mr. F., "if Lytleton will show
me the way." Accordingly they went, and when he came
back, he assured us everything favoured his going for the
very first pr. of shoes that he took hold of fitted him.
His toilet was finished before the parlour looking glass,
and off we set, leaving Lytleton who would not go, (not
being yet equip'd) and Mrs. Caldwell with the girls. I
wanted Mary or Ann to ride with the dominie, but he
insisted on my enjoying a tete-a-tete ride with him ; this
was the first frolic he said he had had since he accom-
panied me 20 years ago to the fourth of July party. I
of course was led in by the parson, and had to show him
how to take my hand and lead me in &c. Mr. Smith
led Mary, Mr. Todd Ann. I anticipated a crowded room
and own I felt somewhat awkward on being led across a
large room to the place where sat Mrs. Madison, Mrs.
Monroe, Mrs. Decatur and a dozen other ladies in a
formidable row. There was not a single chair, and had
not some of the ladies rose to talk with us, we should have
been somewhat at a loss.
The President asked Mr. S. who it was led me in, and
on Mr. F.'s being introduced to him, conversed a good
deal with him. Mr. Smith introduced him to Mr. Mon-
roe and several other gentlemen and our good Parson
went home, to use his own expression, perfectly satisfied
and gratified. Mary looked uncommonly well. I think
she is very much improved in her looks since she came
here, which is to be ascribed to her improved health.
i32 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
She had a fine colour, her eyes sparkled and she was per-
fectly at her ease and conversed with great vivacity with
the gentlemen. Mrs. Madison expressed a wish that she
would play and sing, as she had heard that she played
most elegantly. But Mary declined. Had it been a
squeeze, I should have urged her playing, but in so thin
a room, I knew she would be too conspicuous. I will
not deprive Mary of an opportunity of displaying her
descriptive powers and therefore will say nothing of the
appearance of the French Legation, which was superb,
but not so genteel as the plain clothes of the English.
The circle, last evening, was not so imposing, as the first
drawing room the girls went to last winter and even if
it had been I do not think Mary would have been in such
ecstatics. Mary is much more quiet in the expression
of her feelings and on that account a much greater favo-
rite with my good husband. I never knew Mr. Smith to
be so much pleased with any young person, he frequently
when alone commends her in the highest terms. I could
spend my whole life happily with Mary, I never before
have met with a disposition which so perfectly accords
with mine.
I now begin to feel settled. My domestic arrange-
ments are all made and my servants so good that I have
nothing to do. I scarcely realize I am keeping house.
The change from our country establishment is very
agreeable. There I had such a variety of things and per-
sons to attend to without, as well as within doors, and a
kitchen so crowded with farm servants and children, that
I had little pleasure in performing my household duties.
But here I have a most excellent woman in the kitchen,
who keeps the key of the store room and goes thro' her
work without requiring any direction from me. A very
good girl does the chamber work and washing, an un-
i8i6] DOMESTIC ARRANGEMENTS 133
commonly good boy waits in the house and Mr. Tracy
who drives the carriage, supplies all the deficiencies in the
others. He markets, and shops, and goes of errands,
puts up curtains, bedsteads &c — in fact is my maitre
d'hotcl as well as coachman. So that I am a lady at large
with nothing in the world to do, but sit up for company,
and make visits. I go in the kitchen for 5 or 6 minutes
before breakfast, give my orders for dinner, then give
the girls their breakfast, send them to school. I arrange
my side-board and closet in the dining-room, which takes
me until 10 o'clock, then dress, seat myself in my corner
on the settee, and give my little ones their lessons, a little
sewing, and a little reading diversify the morning. We
have not had much company as yet, and as I do not in-
tend visiting as many strangers as I did last winter, we
shall not have so much. I do not think Mary could
stand such late hours and constant company as the girls
did, and Ann I am sure can not — indeed we had too much
for pleasure. I expect to pass many of our evenings in
a calm domestic manner — sewing and reading. Mr. S.
is reading the Odyssey. . » . I never wrote more
like a task, and no school girl ever found a task more dif-
ficult. You will easily perceive my stupidity. I had best
waste no more paper. Come Mary and fill it — you can
give more pleasure. You may as well write as sit look-
ing out of the window — come along Dear sister,
write me soon, a sweet, kind letter and that as I said will
break the spell.1
Aunt has left me a little space, dear Mother, to give
you an account of our appearance at the drawing room,
for as I wrote you yesterday little else is left me to say.
I went without the least feeling of trepidation. Mrs. C.'s
party broke the ice and I felt quite at my ease. But I
1 The rest of the letter is by Miss Mary Kirkpatrick, Mrs. Smith's niece.
i34 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
felt very much disappointed — the ideas I had formed of
the pleasure of the drawing room were not realized. I
do not however despair of being pleased at some future
time for it was the thinnest drawing room that has been
seen. To see the great and celebrated people of our
country is a very great gratification to me. I was in-
troduced to Mr. Madison as soon as I entered the room,
but had only the honor of exchanging two or three sen-
tences with him. Mrs. Madison was extremely polite and
attentive, but looked very ill. She had on a blue velvet,
blue head dress and feathers with some old finery and
her face look'd like a flame.1 With Mrs. Munroe2 I am
really in love. If I was a Washingtonian you might say
I worshipped the rising sun — but as I am not, you will
believe my adoration sincere. She is charming and very
beautiful. She did me the honor of asking to be intro-
duced to me and saying "she regret'd very much she was
out when I called" &c and, tho' we do not believe all these
kind of things it is gratifying to the vanity to hear them.
It would not however have flatter'd me half so much from
Mrs. Madison as from her. Mr. Neuville3 and suite were
there in most splendid costume — not their court dresses
however. Blue coats cover'd with gold embroidery.
The collar and back literally cover'd with wreaths of fleurs
de lys with white underclothes and large chapeaux with
feathers. The minister's feather was white, the secre-
taries black, and their dress tho' on the same style not so
superb as his. Madam and Mademoiselle were very hand-
somely dress'd in white sattin. Mr. and Mrs. Bagot4
1 Truth compels the statement — Mrs. Madison painted.
2 She was Elizabeth Kortright, of New York, daughter of Lawrence
Kortright, a captain in the British army. Her stately manners were in
marked contrast with Mrs. Madison's genial warmth. During her hus-
band's term as President she secluded herself from general society to a
considerable extent because of her ill health.
3 Hyde de Neuville, French Minister from 18 1 6 to 1822.
4 Sir Charles Bagot, British Minister from 181 6 to 1819.
Mrs. James Madison.
From the steel engraving by J. F. E. Prudhomme, after the portrait by
J. Wood.
i8i6] ABBE CORREA DA SERRA 135
were both in complete black. The Abbe Corier1 the Por-
tugese minister is a venerable old gentleman and a man of
great learning ; he speaks five languages perfectly. Com-
modore and Mrs. Decatur were very brilliant. The Sec-
retaries (except Mr. Munroe) were not there. Mr. Neu-
vill enquired after you and says he regrets his jo lie
bcrgere, that a shepherd's life is much happier than that
of a public man. Mr. Bourquinay and Mr. Thierrie (my
favourite) called to see us yesterday morning, the former
improves on acquaintance and look'd quite handsome in
his full dress. I met at Miss Duval's this morning Mr.
Hughes and Mr. Antrobus, the secretaries of the British
Legation. They are sprightly, intelligent young men,
but not to compare with Mr. Bagot. We paid some
visits this morning to Mrs. Seaton and Miss Gales sisters
of Joscy Gales as we say, Mr. Blake, Mrs. Van Ness and
Mrs. Clay, whose youngest child is very ill with the
whooping cough. Tomorrow evening we are to take
tea sociably with Mrs. Meigs. I feel very anxious to
hear of Elizabeth. I hope by this time she is enjoying
her usual health. Tell me particularly how she is and
how your uncle and general health is. My kindest love
to my dear father and the girls and to all my friends
individually. How do you like the new divinities, Mr.
Kissgin and does Mr. Vanzant visit you as often as he
did last summer ? My next letter will be to Elizabeth if
I can find enough to amuse her. Farewell beloved
Mother — may Heaven bless and preserve you. Mr.
Kent hasent yet arrived.
1 Jose* Correa da Serra, Minister from Portugal, the most famous wit and
epigram-maker of his day. He it was who called Washington the "city of
magnificent distances."
136 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
January 19, 181 7.
This is winter, cold, piercing, winter! I am half
frozen, with my back close to the fire and a foot stove
beneath my feet. It was so extremely cold that we all
agreed not to go to church, for altho' we might have
escaped much suffering, our poor coachman would have
almost perished. The same consideration kept us at
home last night, otherwise we would have enjoy'd our-
selves exceedingly at M. de Neuville's, where we were
invited to pass the evening.
You were afraid Mary's health would not stand much
dissipation. She laid up such a stock at Sidney, that it
enables her without the slightest inconvenience to partici-
pate in all the gaiety of our gay city. She says she could
enjoy being in company every evening. We have seldom
exceeded three evenings in the week, altho' we have
often had invitations for four or five. This, however,
is no great self denial, as we are seldom or ever close
at home. Mary has given you I suppose some account
of our large party at home. I invited 170, and then
offended several families I was obliged to omit; about
120 came. I had 4 musicians from the Marine Band,
and the goodness of the musick greatly increased the
pleasures of the evening. Mrs. Barlowe seem'd about
as anxious as if it had been her own party, and wished
me to make use of her servants and everything in her
house, which could add to the elegance of the party. I
accepted but a small portion of what she offer'd ; the kind
Mrs. Bomford,1 came early in the morning and assisted
1 A sister of Joel Barlow who was married to Lieutenant Colonel George
Bomford, a distinguished officer of the army. Their daughter married
Benjamin Lincoln Lear, son by his first marriage of Tobias Lear, Washing-
ton's secretary.
i8i7] MRS. SMITH'S PARTY 137
in all the arrangements. We had four rooms open, two
down-stairs for dancing, one parlour and one supper
room up stairs, the table was so arranged that 25 or 30
could sit down at a time and a side board of dishes sup-
plied those that were consumed at table. Such a party
could give me no pleasure, but I hope it did others. We
were so constantly in company the whole week before,
that I was completely tired and half resolved to stay at
home the rest of the winter, — but four or five days rest
restored me my good health and spirits. I did not go
on Monday with the girls to the concert, but on Wed-
nesday accompanied Mary to the drawing-room. I went
purely from the desire of pleasing her, but was rewarded
for my complaisance, not only by the sight of her plea-
sure, but by my own enjoyment. Independent of the
affections, I know of no pleasure equal to that derived
from the conversation of men of genius. And this I
enjoy'd in an unusual degree. Governor Barbour1 (of
Virginia) now in the Senate, is a man of fashion, a man
of the world, and to all the graces joins the most charm-
ing manners and high talents. He has so much ardour
and enthusiasm, that one might almost call him romantic;
he has a beautiful daughter to whom that epithet justly
applies, and who is a girl of Genius, with all the faults
generally attached to that character, but with all its
charms. The father and daughter join'd our party for
the evening; Gen'l Harrison, (our Western Hero) Col.
Taylor, a most agreeable man from S. Carolina and sev-
eral others, enlarged the little circle, we formed on one
side the fire place. But the one who most interested me,
was Mr. Gillrnore, a young Virginian, introduced to me
by Miss Barbour. He is called the future hope of Vir-
1 James Barbour, afterwards Secretary of War under John Quincy
Adams, and Minister to England 1828-29.
138 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
ginia — its ornament !— its bright star ! I had a long, ani-
mated, and interesting conversation with him, really the
greatest intellectual feast I have long had. He is the
enthusiastic admirer of my dear and revered Mr. Jeffer-
son, and a familiar inmate of his family. During the
last year he has been the traveling friend and pupil of
Abbe Correa, with him he has explored the mountains,
the valleys and rivers of Virginia, and describes its sub-
lime and its beautiful scenery, with all the rapture and
enthusiasm of genius and youth. While I was thus en-
gaged, Mary and Ann were surrounded with their beaux
and lost the pleasure of making the acquaintance of this
interesting young man. I asked him and Govr. and Miss
Barbour to pass the next evening, together with Genl.
Harrison and Col. Taylor, — the two last were engaged.
This evening Mary Ann look'd better than I have ever
seen her. When we first went in, the chairs round Mrs.
Madison were occupied and we seated ourselves on the
opposite side of the fire and were the only party on that
side of the room ; few persons had yet arrived, the room
was empty. We had not been long seated when Mrs.
Madison cross'd the room and going up to Mary, took
her hand and after the usual compliments, told her she
had a great secret to communicate, but should not do it,
until the end of the evening. A great deal of rallying on
both sides took place, — when Mrs. M. told her that a
gentleman who had fallen in love with her, who was a
friend of hers, had made her his confidant, that he was
to be there, and she would not tell Mary his name until
she saw how Mary treated him. All this time she held
Mary's hand. The conversation was carried on with so
much animation, that it drew the attention of those
around. Mary's eyes sparkled, she had a brilliant colour,
(which however she always has) she spoke with great
i8i7] A "SQUEEZE" AT MRS. MEIGS' 139
vivacity and look'd really very handsome, and more per-
sons than I thought so. Mary's beauty depends almost
entirely on expression, manner and colour. Her black
eyes and hair, her white teeth and vivid bloom, when
heightened by fine spirits, really makes her beautiful and
you would scarcely know her to be the same, when silent,
quiet, and uninterested. She has always a fine colour
and says she never in her life enjoy'd such high health.
I asked a friend who was in the way of hearing such
things, in what manner Mary was spoken of. She said
many called her handsome, but she was most generally
admired for her intelligence, her expression and anima-
tion— that every one thought her an uncommonly sensi-
ble girl and all liked her for the way in which she used
her sense, no pedantry, no kind of superiority, but so
much good humour and sprightliness ! Ann hangs on her
arm and smiles, but seldom speaks. She is more inani-
mate than ever, and alas; not so pretty. On Thursday
evening we had a charming little party at home, whom
I ask'd in the morning, in a social way. Mrs. Barlowe
and Mr. and Mrs. Bomford, Mr. and Mrs. Clay, Mr.
and Mrs. Brown1 (of the Senate) Govr. and Miss Bar-
bour, Mr. Gillmore Abbe Correa, Dr. Tucker and 3 or 4
other gentlemen. I had a long tete-a-tete with the old
Abbe, but could not discover any of those charms of con-
versation for which he is celebrated. We pass'd two
mornings this week at the House and could I reconcile
it to my domestic duties, I should love dearly to go very
often. On Friday evening we went to an intollerable
squeeze, at Mrs. Meigs every body I had ever seen in
W. was there, foreigners, strangers and citizens. The
girls had not been long seated, before I was separated
1 James Brown, of Louisiana, a man of great wealth, with a handsome,
fashionable wife. He was Minister to France, 1823-29.
i4o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
from them by the pressure of the crowd, but from time
to time I saw them, always surrounded with beaux and
to their old acquaintance I saw added Col. Taylor, who
did not leave them the whole evening. I have not yet
found out whether he is married or single, — he is young
and very agreeable, and seems desirous of becoming an
acquaintance of the whole family. For my part, I talk'd
a little to a hundred people, but had conversation only
with Genl. Harrison and Abbe Correa. The former to my
taste is the most agreeable, altho' the other is extoll'd to
the skies, both here and in Philadelphia. Miss Rush has
been at all the places we have been but seems to produce
no effect and to be little known or noticed. Next to the
Miss de Kantzows1 and the other diplomatiques, Mary,
I think has most attention. I include in the above term
the Miss de K.'s, the Miss de Onis'2 and Miss Louise.
They always sit together, stand together and talk to-
gether and never join any of the other young ladies.
At home Mary's good humour and good spirits are in-
variable. We shall be very dull when she leaves us.
Last evening Col. Johnson3 and Col Fletcher4 were here
(cold as it was). Mr. Smith and I play'd chess, Jona-
than, mused in one corner, Mary Ann and Col. J. and
Ann and Col. F. amused themselves, very merrily at
least. I do not see as many love symtoms as I did.
Mary puts no fuel to the flame and you know it cannot
long burn without. I have seen no stranger this winter
for whom I feel so much interest as Madm. Neuville. I
1 Daughters of Baron Johan Albert de Kantzow, Minister Resident of
Sweden and Norway.
2 Daughter of Luis de Onis, Spanish Minister.
3 Richard Malcolm Johnson, then a Representative from Kentucky. At
the Battle of the Thames, Canada, October 5, 181 3, he killed a powerful
Indian chief in a hand-to-hand fight. Tecumseh fell in this battle and it
was claimed, although never clearly established, that he was the chief
whom Johnson slew.
4 Thomas Fletcher, Representative from Kentucky.
i8i7] MR. AND MRS. MONROE'S MANNERS 141
could love her, if our intercourse could be social enough
to allow it. They have company I believe almost every
day to dinner, or of an evening. Always on Saturday, —
we have had a general invitation for that evening. I
believe she is completely weary of this eternal dissipation.
I love her for her kindness to Mrs. Stone,1 she takes every
occasion of showing her kindness and of giving her con-
sequence.
MRS. KIRKPATRICK
23, Novr. 181 7, Sidney.
► . . ♦ People seem to think we shall have great
changes in social intercourse and customs. Mr. and Mrs.
Monroe's manners2 will give a tone to all the rest. Few
persons are admitted to the great house and not a single
lady has as yet seen Mrs. Monroe, Mrs. Cutts excepted,
and a committee from the Orphan Asylum, on which
occasion Mrs. Van Ness first called to know when Mrs.
M. would receive the committee. Mrs. M. said she
would let them know in the course of a few days, — this
she did, appointing the succeeding week for the inter-
view. She is always at home to Mrs. Cutts, and Mr.
Monroe has given orders to his Porter to admit Mr. Clay,
at all times, even when the cabinet council is sitting, and
the other day when he call'd and declined the servant's
invitation into the Cabinet, Mr. M. came out and took him
into the council. Altho' they have lived 7 years in W.
both Mr. and Mrs. Monroe are perfect strangers not only
to me but all the citizens. Every one is highly pleased
1 A lady whom Mrs. Smith had assisted in starting a girls' school in Wash-
ington.
' Monroe endeavored to restore to the President's house the stately for-
mality which had prevailed when Washington was President. Mrs. Monroe
paid no visits. Her daughters also paid no visits, and there was a feud
between them and the diplomatic corps in consequence.
i42 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
with the appointment of Mr. Wirt1 and Mr. Calhoun,2
they will be most agreeable additions to our society. Tell
Mary Ann that the house of Mr. Brent, opposite to us is
occupied by Mr. Walsh and Mr. Corea; I promise my-
self some pleasure from these new neighbors. . . .
TO MISS ANNA MARIA SMITH
Sunday, between churches, 12 Novr. [18 18]
. . . . Yesterday for instance, before I had com-
pleted my house hold arrangements, I was called to Dr.
Smith, the herb doctor, or as he calls himself, "The
Professor in the University of Nature." He brought
his Mariner's needle, in which he believes he has made
an improvement, founded on a discovery of his own, that
will establish his fame and his fortune. He had just
come from the President's who had received him most
graciously and promised to mention him in his report to
Congress. His improvement has been already adopted
in our Navy and is highly approved of. The design is,
to counteract the variations of the needle, a thing that has
puzzled Philosophers and Mariners, ever since the first
discovery of the magnet. He does not pretend to have
discovered the cause of this variation, that mystery is
still unsolved, but to control or to counteract its effects.
To have heard him talking to me, you would have sup-
posed I was a mathemetician. I repeatedly assured him
of my ignorance, of my utter deficiency in scientific
knowledge, and he as repeatedly argued that I was a lady
of most philosophical mind and he felt certain, that I
could explain his views to others (and he wished them
made known) much better than he could. (Poor man
he is certainly deficient in language, for although nature
1 As Attorney General. 2 As Secretary of War.
i8i8] MISS GALLAUDET 143
has given him a most powerful, original and inquisitive
mind, she could not give him scientific principles or lan-
guage.) He remained at least two hours, — so happy! in
having some one to listen to and sympathize with him,
that I had not the heart, tired as I was, to send him away,
by coldness and inattention, for of course you know I
would not do it by words. Then Mr. Cutts1 came in,
and made a very reasonable visit, and then, after he made
his bow, I with great avidity seized my pen and it moved
as if it was clothed not only with its own share of
feathers, but with the whole of a gooses wing, — it abso-
lutely flew as it transcribed the ideas that oppressed my
brain. But ere one sheet was filled, the door-bell rung
and scared my goose away. . . .
Wednesday, almost dinner time. Really dear Anna I
did expect a letter ere this. In your last you said I might
look for one on Monday. Till I get it I will proceed
with my journal. Mr. Wood concluded my last page.
I arose on Monday morning with more elastic spirits than
I have felt since I came into the city. After breakfast I
went forth on a shopping expedition and procured most
of the winter clothing for the family, self included. One
article I could not get, — curls, french curls, parted on the
forehead, you know how. You must get them for me
either in New York or Phila. Now remember CURLS !
I came home excessively wearied, but unwilling to break
in upon another day. I carried my dress to the mantua
makers. When I came home at dark, found Miss Gal-
laudet2 here. She entertained us with a very minute
and well told account of the Hartford Institution, for the
Deaf and Dumb. She is an elderly single lady, very pre-
cise in her appearance and plain. But her language
1 Hon. Richard Cutts, Mrs. Madison's brother-in-law.
2 Sister of the father of education of the deaf in America, Thomas Hopkins
Gallaudet.
144 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
classically correct and elegant. She is fine, intelligent,
though neither a very pleasing or interesting woman, is
animated and engaged while talking herself, but listless
and inattentive to what others say. How very reverse
of our friend Lydia. Her object in coming was to con-
sult me about establishing a school here on some im-
proved system, — full of her own views and ideas, she is
indifferent to those of others, perhaps this is the char-
acteristic of enthusiasm and that I am as obnoxious to
this observation as she is. After tea Mr. Larned and Mr.
Bailey came in. Chess, of course,, engaged them. Your
father and Mr. Bailey, Aunt Ann and Mr. Larned. I was
so engrossed by Miss Gallaudet, as not to be able to look
over Mr. Bailey's game. It lasted three or more hours.
Almost ii o'clock when it was terminated. Mr. B. as
you may suppose, victor. Mr. Gallaudet came in and he
and I calculated the expense of a soup-house, we want to
establish, in connection with the Howard Institution.
The evening if not very amusingly passed rationally with
me. When Ann and Mr. L. gave up the chess, Julia
arranged a partie for Bayard and Miss Gallaudet (a
wretched play, so slow, so precise). Oh how mad he
was! — he wanted to have studied Mr. B.'s game and is
not very fond of old, young ladies, you know. He
begged Julia not to dispose of him again. Julia asked
Mr. Gallaudet to bring Mr. Noble here this evening
(Wednesday) and invited Miss G. to come again. . . .
Sunday morning, Jany. Sidney 1819.
. . . . The next day we went to the city and were
received by Mrs. Calhoun1 with the affection and kind-
1 Mrs. Calhoun was Floride Calhoun, a cousin of her husband. Her
mother, Floride Bonneau Calhoun, was of a Huguenot family, and John C.
Calhoun acquired wealth and social prestige in South Carolina by his
marriage.
i8i9] CLAY'S SPEECH 145
ness of the nearest relative or friend. As I had all with
me, she said she would take no denial to our staying with
her until the next day, — this we had to decline. On
hearing that Mr. Clay was to speak, I could not resist
the temptation and told Susan if she would go home with
her father and if he would consent, I would stay.1 I
accordingly went to the Treasury to ask leave and hav-
ing obtained it, took Susan to Mrs. Bomford's to pass
the morning and according to agreement followed Mrs.
C. to the capitol-hill, who had gone on before with Julia
and Mrs. Lowndes, in order to secure seats. Our little
Anna was left in charge with Miss Eliza, who was very
kind to her. When I reached the Hall, it was so
crowded that it was impossible to join my party, and
after much hesitation I consented to allow Mr. Taylor
to take me on the floor of the House, where he told me
some ladies already were. In the House, or rather,
lobby of the House, I found four ladies whom I had never
before seen — all genteel and fashionable and under the
protection of Mr. Mercer,2 who shook hands with me.
The Senate had adjourned in order to hear Mr. Clay, all
the foreign ministers and suites, many strangers were
admitted on the floor, in addition to the members ren-
der'd the house crowded. The gallery was full of ladies,
gentlemen and men, to a degree that endanger'd it, —
even the outer entries were thronged and yet such silence
prevailed that tho' at a considerable distance I did not
lose a word. Mr. Clay was not only eloquent but amusing
and more than once made the whole house laugh. Poor
Mr. Holmes3 and Genl. Smythe4 could not have enjoy'd
this merriment as it was at their expense. As you will
1 Clay's elaborate speech on the Seminole War was made January 20.
2 John Fenton Mercer, Representative from Virginia.
3 John Holmes, of Massachusetts.
4 Alexander Smyth, of Virginia.
i46 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
read the speech in the paper, I will not detail it, although
I could repeat almost the whole of it. But in losing the
voice and manner of Mr. Clay, much of the effect will be
lost. Every person had expected him to be very severe
on the President and seemed rather disappointed by his
moderation. To hear the better, I had seated myself on
some steps, quite out of sight of the house; when Mr.
Clay had finished he came into the lobby for air and re-
freshment. The members crowded round him, and I
imagine by his countenance, what they whispered must
have been very agreeable. When he saw me, he came
and sat a few minutes on the steps by me, throwing him-
self most gracefully into a recumbent posture. I told
him I had come prepared to sit till evening and was dis-
appointed at his speech being so short; he said he had
intended to have spoken longer, but his voice had given
out ; he had begun too loud and soon exhausted himself.
Meanwhile Col. Johnson had risen and was speaking, but
the noise of walking and talking and coughing was so
loud, it was impossible to hear him. He several times
earnestly begged that the little he had to say might be
attended to, but in vain. Every one was glad of a little
relief after 3 hours, and after speaking without being
listen'd to the Coin, begged leave to defer what he had
to say to the next day. This was readily granted him.
The gentlemen are grown very gallant and attentive and
as it was impossible to reach the ladies through the gal-
lery, a new mode was invented of supplying them with
oranges etc. They tied them up in handkerchiefs, to
which was fixed a note indicating for whom it was de-
sign'd and then fastened to a long pole. This was taken
on the floor of the house and handed up to the ladies who
sat in front of the gallery. I imagine there were near a
100 ladies there, so that these presentations were frequent
i8i9] CALHOUN'S HOUSEHOLD 147
and quite amusing, even in the midst of Mr. C.'s speech.
I, and the ladies near me, were more accessible and were
more than supplied with oranges, cakes &c. We divided
what was brought us with each other and were as social
as if acquainted. A great many members came success-
ively to speak to me and Mr. Baldwin1 and Mr. Taylor
were kindly attentive and staid much of the time near
me, — otherwise I should have felt disagreeable. At din-
ner, I gave Mr. Calhoun an ample detail of the speech,
which led to a great deal of conversation of men, meas-
ures and facts. You know how frank and communica-
tive he is, and considering I was very much animated by
the scene of the morning, perhaps you will not be sur-
prised at our conversing without any interruption until
9 o'clock. I several times after tea begged him to read
or write and make no stranger of me, but this his polite-
ness would not permit him to do. While we conversed,
Mrs. C. and Julia play'd on the Pianno and at chess. At
last I jumped up declaring I would keep him no longer
from business, and proposed to Mrs. C. to adjourn to
our chamber.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney,] Sunday, 14 Febr. 18 19.
. . . . As for us ; we are thank a kind providence
all well. Dear little Anna is I think better than she was
before her illness. We have again resumed our regular
occupations and time passes cheerfully and I hope not
uselessly by. We have until the last 3 days had most
delightful weather ; so warm that we could often sit with
the windows open. We improved this charming season
by walking or riding every day, thinking there would yet
1 Henry Baldwin, Representative from Pennsylvania.
i48 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
be bad weather enough to keep us within doors at work.
I have with the girls passed many pleasant mornings with
our friends in the city, have had more company than
usual in the country. Mr. Astley, Mr. Buck, Mr. Wall,
Mr. Orplander ( ?) have at different times dined with us
and our good Capt. Riley1 has been always once and
some times twice a week to see us. When he comes he
stays all night and is quite domesticated with us. Bay-
ard and Anna are reading his narrative, which I read to
them two years ago. It is seldom they do not pay the
tribute of their tears to his sad story, at least Bayard, who
is a tender hearted little creature. Since I last wrote I
have often seen Mrs. Calhoun and could not resist at-
tending a very large ball she had. Five rooms crowded.
I have seen every one I know for the first and last time
this winter. I was completely weary before the evening
was over, so much for habit. Mrs. C. always enquires
very particularly after you, and bade me remember her
kindly to you and the girls and to tell Ann to make
haste home, or she should not see her for a great while,
as she and all her family were going to S. Carolina.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK.
Sidney, January 30th 1820 Sunday.
. . . . We- have seen but little of Caroline B.
She was to have pass'd a week with us, but the Missouri
question coming on, she could not absent herself. She
is quite enchanted with the debates and spends all her
1 James Riley, an adventurous mariner, was shipwrecked on the coast of
Africa August 15, 181 5, and kept as a slave by the Arabs for fifteen months,
when he was ransomed by the British Consul at Magadore. Mrs. Smith's
friend, Anthony Bleecker, prepared from Riley's papers an "Authentic
Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig Commerce on the Western
Coast of Africa" (New York, 181 6).
i82o] ATTENTIONS TO THE CALHOUNS 149
mornings at the Capitol. Our Vice-President1 was so
gallant, that he admitted ladies in the senate chamber and
appropriated to them those charming and commodious
seats which belonged to foreign ministers and strangers
of distinction, but their numbers were so great for some
days, that they not only filled these and all other seats,
that at last they got literally on the floor, to the no small
inconvenience and displeasure of many gentlemen.
Nothing could be more brilliant than the audience Mr.
Pinckney's eloquence attracted. Every one was in rap-
tures. We intended to have been one of the intruders
on that day, but was disappointed by our carriage being
broken. Ann and I went one day with Caroline and
Mrs. McClean, but were not much amused. Caroline is
very affectionate and says nothing but the Missouri ques-
tion shall keep her from us, — the moment that debate is
over, she will come and make a long visit.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Sidney, April 23, 1820.
. . . . A few weeks ago Mrs. Calhoun2 lost her
infant daughter, about five months old. The moment I
heard of its illness I went into the city and offered my
services, and staid 2 days and sat up one night. But
finding the crowd of visitors so great and the offers of
service so numerous and pressing that tho' highly grat-
ifying to the feelings of the parents, they were injurious
to the infant. I never in my life witnessed such atten-
tions. Ladies of the first and gayest fashion, as well
1 Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York.
2 Calhoun's residence in Washington began when he became Secretary
of War in 18 17, when his wife and mother-in-law joined him. This child
who died March 22 was the second he had lost, the first having died while
he was a member of Congress.
i5o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Apr.
as particular friends, pressed their attendance, in a way
not to be denied. The President called every day, and
his daughter Mrs. Hay, altho' in the midst of bridal-
festivities came three evenings successively to beg to sit
up and was denied as other ladies were already engaged. I
was one night and she came and sat all the evening by the
child and reluctantly left it, but told Mrs. C. she should
come the next evening, and would take no denial. The
next morning Mrs. C. recollecting Mrs. Decatur gave a
large party to the bride and thinking Mrs. H. could not
with propriety be absent, she sent to beg her not to come,
but the President said it was his particular desire that she
should, as she was the best nurse in the world and so
she proved to be. Mrs. Adams in the like manner and 20
others would attend. This being the case I did not re-
main, as I found myself none the better for the duties
of a sick-room. All this was not a mere tribute to rank,
no, — I am persuaded much of it was from that good will
which both Mr. and Mrs. C. have universally excited,
they are really beloved. Commodore Decatur's death,1
was a striking and melancholy event. The same day, on
which thousands of his fellow citizens attended him to
his grave, High Mass for the Duke of Berry2 was per-
formed in a splendid and solemn manner, in the morning,
at which an immense crowd attended, so that the whole
day, the whole city, Georgetown and Alexandria were
in a commotion, for citizens from both these towns,
crowded to the city. The afternoon before, Mrs. Cal-
houn's infant had been buried, attended by an unusually
long train of carriages. This week had been destined to
be the gayest of the season, and parties for every night
in the week were fixed for the bride, not one of which
1 He was killed in a duel with Commodore Barron, March 22.
2 The Duke of Berry was assassinated February 13.
isao] MR. CALDWELL'S SERMON 151
took place, for from the moment Decatur fell, nothing
else was thought of. Mrs. Decatur has left the city,
house, carriages, &c &c are to be sold, and from all this
gaiety and splendor she retires to solitude and melan-
choly. No one but her friend Mrs. Harper, who was in
the house, ever saw her, and even to her, she seldom
spoke a single word. More impressively than any words,
did these events preach the vanity of honors and pleasures
of rank and wealth.
TO MISS SUSAN HARRISON SMITH
Sidney, Sunday evening. [Sept. 1820.]
Your idea has not been a moment absent from my
mind, my dearest child since I bade you farewell, except
while asleep and even then I dreamt of you. At every
hour I have said, "She is now at such or such a place.
She has now reached Phila, now is sitting surrounded by
such and such friends." Today I have imagined the im-
pression which would be made on your mind, by the sight
of so large a congregation, the great concourse of people
you would meet in the streets, the sound of so many
bells, &c &c. And while at church my petitions rose to
the throne of grace with more faith and fervor, from the
conviction that at the same hour, you too, were offering
up yours.
Never did I hear from Mr. Caldwell and seldom from
any one, a more instructive and animating and consoling
discourse. It was on the necessity, benefit, and comfort
of Prayer. Never having been separated before from
my darling child, I feel more depressed and saddened by
your absence than I had any idea of. Not an hour passes
I do not seem to seek for you, to listen for you, and when
i52 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Sept.
I seek and listen in vain, my heart quite sinks. It is
with a painful pleasure I come across anything that was
yours, and it was not without tears I appropriated your
work-box to myself and fill'd it with my work. These
lonely and sad feelings I know will not last and even
were they more painful than they are I would cheer-
fully bear them, for the sake of the pleasure and advan-
tage your seperation will procure for you. With a mind
thus soften'd, I heard with peculiar benefit and pleasure
Mr. Caldwell's excellent discourse, and I felt that it was
in prayer we could most tenderly meet, tho' seperated by
such a distance.
I was peculiarly affected with one of the hymns sung
at church this morning, it so truly expressed my visions
and feelings, read it my dear Susan and think of me, it
is the 37th hymn beginning
"Alas what hourly dangers rise."
When you get to Brunswick, you will join the family
Sunday evening concert, sometimes ask your aunt to sing
our favorites, such as "Far from my thoughts etc. . . .
The morning after you left me, accompanied by both
the children, I went to the city, and after a visit to Mrs.
Bradleys, went to Mrs. Calhoun's, intending to stay but
a little while. She would, however, take no denial, but
with friendly force obliged us to stay to dinner. She
gave Bayard calfs' foot jelly, sent for oysters for him,
and then made him lie down on her bed, where he slept
for several hours. When we came away, she loaded him
with jellies and cakes. On Friday I felt so lost, lonely
and desolate without you, that I did not dare to sit down
to my work, but busied myself in the kitchen with mak-
ing pickles and sweet-meats, and in the afternoon sister
Ann and I walked up to Mrs. Cuttings, who cheer'd us up
i82o] VISIT TO MRS. TASSLET 153
with her cheerful conversation and good coffee. When
I came home I still missed my Sue but tried to forget
her in caressing Bayard and Anna. Thursday and Sat-
urday evenings were cold. We had a blaze kindled on
our hearth and enjoyed our first autumnal fire. The
sopha was drawn in its usual place and I took my accus-
tom'd corner. You know how I love this twilight, or
rather fire-light hour, which makes winter dear to me.
The summer then is gone ! How like a dream does the
interval appear since I last enjoyed this hour. On Sat-
urday I again accompanied your father to town, Julia
and the children with me, on purpose to visit my two
afflicted friends Mrs. Clifton and Mrs. Tasslet. I spent
some serious hours with them. Poor Mrs. Tasslet is
the ghost of what she was. I never saw anyone so alter'd
in so short a space. We thought her sorrow moderate,
but alas we were deceived by appearances, she took a
pride in suppressing her tears and emotions, but her
sorrow has sunk the deeper and I much fear injured not
only her health but her mind. She says Jane talks con-
tinually of Godfrey. When she eats she says, "Mama
give brother some of this, I will save this for brother."
At night she often cries violently and pushes her mother
to the door, saying go mama go for my poor Godfrey,
bring him out of that garden and put him in his cradle.
Godfrey is cold in that garden, mama, for I hear him
crying." This she says almost distracts her. She had
laying by her the last cap he wore, which in his agony
he pulled off his head. She says it shall never be washed
and that it is seldom out of her sight. Poor woman, my
heart bled for her. Old Mrs. Calhoun visits her almost
daily, as she thinks, she is under a religious concern, to
use her expression. I much fear in the present distracted
state of her feelings Mrs. C. is not the most useful friend
i54 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1821
she could have. But stop I must, as I have promised to
leave room for a little letter of dear Anna. Bayard con-
tinues to mend rapidly. Farewell my beloved child.
TO MISS SUSAN H. SMITH
March 19, 182 1, Sidney.
. . . . We are social beings, and the strongest
mind and warmest heart need the stimulus of society —
but not the society of the gay world. It chills the af-
fections, checks the aspirations of the soul, and dissipates
the mind. You will most sensibly feel the loss of the
social pleasures you have this winter enjoy'd, when you
return to Sidney. The family you best loved, will have
left Washington. I mean the Forsythes. They are to
go to Spain in June, and to New York in the course of
a week or two. I will ask Julia to try and see you as
she passes through Brenner to bid you a farewell. Mr.
and Mrs. Forsythe were here this week. He looks thin
and pale and far from happy. He has received none of
that public approbation so supporting and gratifying to
men in public life, so absolutely necessary to an ambitious
one. His resignation I suspect would have been ac-
cepted, had it been offer'd, but having no private fortune,
and no expectation of other provision at home, he had,
I suppose, no choice but to return. Mrs. F. says she
expects they will live in absolute retirement, — this will
not be very agreeable for the young folks. Indeed none
of them seem pleased with the idea of going. Thus it is,
my dear Susan, "our very wishes, give us not our wish."
With what eagerness is public employment sought and
yet how few who possess it, are free from the most harass-
ing cares, and severest mortifications. To fill the vacancy
282a] FEARS OF CHOLERA 155
made by this family, we shall most probably have that of
Genl. Brown1 and of some Commissioners. No one
seems yet to have the least idea who they are to be. I
have seldom known such absolute silence observed. Not
even a conjecture is form'd, altho' it is known from good
authority that there have been above a hundred applica-
tions from persons of great respectability. Mrs. Calhoun
has done her very best to obtain the clerkship of the
board, for Mr. Tasslet. She went herself to the President
and others, but I fear there is no chance, for a poor man
and a foreigner. The son of a Senator is to be the sec-
retary, a place for which many applications have been
made, and much interest used even by the person who
obtained it. This Florida business has rilled our city
with strangers. I am told above a 1000 persons are here
seeking for some place in this new acquired Territory.
The reduction of the army has thrown thousands out of
employ. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney,] August 17, [1822] Friday morning.
. . . . Our Bayard insists on remaining in the
city, even should the cholera prevail there. If duty re-
quired it, I would not say a word to change his resolution.
I could even encourage him to run any risque, which the
duties of public station or humanity might require. But
this is not the case. With Mr. Smith it is. He must be
at the Bank, — anxious as I shall be. I acquiesce and shall
only urge him to use every possible precaution. Several
of our neighbours, Mr. Wood among others, are in the
same predicament; being in public employ. A consid-
erable degree of alarm and uneasiness prevail in the city,
1 Jacob Brown, General-in-Chief of the Army from March 10, 1821, till
his death, Feb. 24, 1828.
1 56 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
arising from several sudden deaths, chiefly blacks. Our
Police is awakening from its lethargy and are making
preparations. Fruit, especially melons, are prohibited,
much to the discomfort of the farmers and to ours in
particular. We never had such an immense crop of
melons before. The season has been very favorable.
That portion in the garden, under my direction, I have
had destroyed, feeding the ripe ones to the cows and
ploughing up the rest. The girls who stood by to watch
the avidity with which the cows devoured them, said they
could scarcely resist sharing in their feast and quite en-
vied them the fine delicious melons that were thrown to
them. Our farmer will not follow my example, but by
hook and by crook, as the saying is, sells a great quantity,
people come to the field to purchase them. I hope they
will not have cause to rue their obstinacy. We are all
very careful in our diet, yet are none of us free from
occasional disorders of the stomach and bowels. Were
we to consider these as premonitory symptoms, we might
be continually dosing ourselves with medicine. But I*
presume until the disease does get to the city, no danger
can arise from these slight complaints, always incident
to the season. With the exception of what you say on
this point your letter is very encouraging and has inspired
me with a confidence I did not before feel. Had I re-
ceived it earlier, I should have engrafted part of it in a
letter of Maria's, which the persuasions of Mrs. Thorn-
ton and Mrs. Bomford to whom I read it, induced me to
publish in the Intelligencer. We always call after church
to enquire after Mrs. Bordeau. Mrs. Bomford does the
same, so our three families generally meet for an hour
or two on Sunday. It was then I read them Maria's
letter. We endeavor to persue our usual routine and
only once or twice have felt depressed or alarmed. The
i8aa] DEATH OF MRS. CUTTS 157
awful symtoms, described by some of our visitants, pro-
duced this effect. Poor Mrs. Cutts is no more. She
has been long extremely ill. Our friend Mrs. Clay, who
while in the city was her daily visitor, awakened her mind
to religious considerations and persuaded her and her
daughters to be baptized. Her whole life has been de-
voted to the fashionable world. The distinctions it con-
ferred and the pleasures it afforded, the sole objects of
her ambition and desire, until a few weeks before her
death, when her mind was directed to higher objects.
She has been my fellow traveller in the paths of society,
our acquaintances and even our friends were the same.
Mrs. Randolph and Mrs. Clay Mrs. Bomford and Mrs.
Mason were among her most intimate associates and
faithfully discharged the last duties to a sick and dying
friend. Mrs. Van Ness, another contemporary in my
social life, is now dangerously ill of fever. Many of our
citizens have already fled from the expected enemy and
gone to different places in search of safety. . . .
FROM HENRY CLAY
[1822]
My dear Madam :
Dr. Huntt1 thinks John2 better this morning; but his
fever continues, without any alarming symptoms. We
hope to break it to day, and for the purpose of watching
him and seeing that his medicine is properly adminis-
tered, I shall remain with him and not attend the Senate.
Many thanks for the Jelly &c and especially for your
friendly offer of service. He rests well at night, and
Charles and I sleep in the same room with him, without
1 Henry Huntt, a well-known Washington physician.
2 Clay's youngest son, born in 1821.
1 58 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Oct.
much disturbance to any party. In the day, he is at-
tended by a good female nurse. I look moreover to day
or tomorrow for his brother and his wife, who will be
with me a week or ten days. So that, whilst I am ex-
ceedingly grateful for your obliging tender of your per-
sonal attention, it will be unnecessary at present to tax
your kindness. Should a different and unfortunate state
of things arise, I will avail myself of your goodness.
Faith'y yrs,
H. Clay.
Saturday morning,
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney,] Oct. 12, 1822. Saturday.
. . . . Disease and death, are making sad havoc
in many parts of our country, and tho' some are more
dreadfully affected, few are exempt. Our city is very
sickly. Billious fevers are universal, tho' .not so fatal as
they have been in other seasons. Lytleton, I am sure, will
sympathise in the general regret all the friends and ac-
quaintances of John Law, felt at his death. The very week
before I met him, in all the health and enjoyment of youth
and when he smilingly bow'd to me, I pointed him out
to Nicholas, as the young gentleman, whom I had every
day been telling him he resembled, — the next week he
was in his grave. Poor old Mr. Law, is they say, almost
distracted. Two months before he lost his darling
daughter and has every reason to fear for the life of his
other son, who is at Pensacola. Not a family on Capitol-
Hill have escaped disease, and Mrs. Hunter, and Mrs.
Dr. May, are now lying so ill as to afford scarcely a hope
of recovery. Meanwhile the awaken'd zeal of Mr. Post's
congregation and the other citizens is increasing; there
i822] RELIGIOUS REVIVAL 159
are large assemblies every night, either at the churches
or private houses. Mr. Caldwell, they say is fast wear-
ing himself out, but as his health decreases, his zeal and
labours increase. All day he goes from house to house,
exhorting and praying, and every night at different meet-
ings. His little daughter Harriet is one of the new con-
verts, and with twenty or thirty other young people, made
a kind of public confession and were prayed over in
church, as they do in methodist meetings. They are in-
troducing all the habits and hymns, of the methodists into
our presbyterian churches, after the regular service is
closed by the clergyman, the congregation rise, and strike
up a methodist hymn, sung amidst the groans and sobs of
the newly converted," or convicted as they call them, then
Mr. Caldwell calls on the mourners to come forward, and
he and others pray over them, as they loudly vent their
sorrows. To aid in this revival, young Mr. Brecken-
ridge1 from Princeton, and a Mr. Testen, or Thurston,
or some such name, another navy young man from Phila-
del. have come on. Mrs. Calhoun told me yesterday, her
mother had taken Mr. T. out with her, tho' it was raining
as hard as it could, "to beat up recruits/' (that was her
expression) for church that night, and that he never was
known to exhort, (for he is not yet licensed to preach)
without making at least half a dozen converts, that it was
astonishing the number he had converted in the short time
he had been here. A few evenings before, one of our
gayest and most fashionable young ladies, (whose name
I will not now mention) had been converted; that whilst
he spoke, she had been convicted and was so overcome
with the violence of her feelings, that she had run for-
ward and thrown herself on him, and lay sobbing and
1 Rev. John Breckenridge graduated from Princeton in 1818, and became
a distinguished Presbyterian divine.
160 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Oct.
crying on his shoulder, before all the assembly, while he
enquired into her feelings and talk'd most powerfully and
pathetically to her. Mrs. Bradley, told me that Mr. Post
and Mr. Breckenridge were now labouring in good earn-
est that they said "they were going through the highways
and hedges, to invite guests/' viz., that they went into
every house, exhorting the people, particularly into all
the taverns, grog-shops, and other resorts of dissipation
and vice. Whether all these excessive efforts will pro-
duce a permanent reformation I know not; but there is
something very repugnant to my feelings in the public
way in which they discuss the conversions and convictions
of people and in which young ladies and children, display
their feelings and talk of their convictions and experi-
ences. Dr. May calls the peculiar fever, the night fever,
as he says almost all cases were produced by night meet-
ings, crowded rooms, excited feelings and exposure to
night air. Mrs. Calhoun, (the old lady) says she means
to bring both the young missionaries out to see us. Mr.
Breckenridge I really wish to see, as I know his sister
intimately and he knows my friends at Princeton. She
cannot get her daughter to go to any of these meetings,
who with many others, disapprove of them, — of this num-
ber is Dr. Hunter.1 "Revival! indeed/' said the Doctor,
"I wonder what you mean by a revival ? I call it a stir up,
or a fight, rather." This, and the Presidential election,
are the two animating principles at present in our city
society. One or the other is the perpetual theme of dis-
course. Every effort is making by Col. McKenny2 and
his employers to get Mr. Crawford out of the Cabinet.
The discussion is kindling personal feelings, and the
friends of these gentlemen will I fear be made hostile
1 Rev. Andrew Hunter.
2 Editor of The Washington Republican, Calhoun's organ.
i8aa] MR. SMITH'S ASPIRATIONS 161
to each other. It was universally believed, that Mr. S.
would have been appointed in Mr. Meig's place,1 but he
found those whose wishes would have placed him there,
have now no influence. And it was only through him,
that Mr. S. could have had influence on the subject you
wrote to me about. You see, therefore, however kind
and earnest his wishes for our friend in Phila., he can do
nothing. The appointment you wrote about, is deem'd
one of high political importance, and a high political char-
acter is talk'd of. And it will I believe depend on the
President. I wish it were prudent to write more openly ;
as there are at present several points, on which I would
wish to write to you. But I have so often experienced
that our very "wishes, give us not our wish," that I now
endeavour to suppress every desire and every anxiety
about the future. We know not what is good for us;
therefore I cheerfully resign the destiny of those I love,
to an all wise and all good Providence. Anxious ! Oh
why should we ever be anxious, about a life, whose tenure
is so frail and so uncertain! Every day, do we hear of
the young, the healthy, the gay and the prosperous, being
suddenly snatched from life. Lytleton, I believe knew
Dr. Clark, of George Town, — he is dead, and the two
young and lovely Miss Beverly's, the sisters of his wife.
In the course of ten days, all three, from youth and health
and happiness, were torn. And perhaps before another
week, his wife, his father-in-law and the young gentleman
to whom one of the Miss B's was in a week or two to have
been married, may follow them to the grave, for they are
all ill of the same disease. Ann Eliza Gales, too, who
was likewise to have been soon married, died after a few
days illness. Lytleton knew her. Our own family, have
1 There was an effort made at this time to have Mr. Smith made Post-
master General.
i62 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
as yet been exempt from sickness, except one of our ser-
vant women who is now ill of the prevailing fever. Our
neighbour Mrs. White died, whilst Nicholas was here. I
have thus far struggled through the season, not without
many threatenings of disease however, and a degree of
langour, which incapacited me for the least exertion, even
that of writing to you. Ann's health is much improved
by her morning rides, for she always accompanies the
children to school. She is in better health and spirits
than I have long known her, which makes me much
happier.
TO MRS. BOYD
Sidney 19, Dec. [1823]
. . . . When shall we see Mr. Boyd? I hope
he will be here when his friend Webster makes his Greek
speech.1 I shall certainly try to hear it. And I hope
too when he does come that our friend Crawford, will be
able to see his friends. He is now shut up in a dark
room and sees very few persons. That horrible calomel,
with which his whole system is surcharged, is I do be-
lieve the cause of all he now suffers. The inflamation
in his eyes continues, so as to make him almost blind, and
pains, rheumatic pains they call them, have seized on all
his joints. His head clerk, attends him every morning
and he transacts the necessary business of his office in
his chamber. His spirits seem unimpaired and warm
weather it is thought will restore him to his usual robust
health. His prospects are brightening in Pennsylvania.
The old Republicans, radicals if you please, disciples of
the Jeffersonian school, are roused from their inactivity
if Pensy goes with Virginia, there can be little doubt
^he speech, one of Webster's most elaborate, was delivered January
19, 1824.
i8t3] CRAWFORD'S CANDIDACY 163
of success. Mr. Cain. [Calhoun] and A [dams] seem
not such good friends as they were. I can not tell what
is the matter, but our politicians think, they will no longer
lend each other a helping hand.1 Whether they must fall
without mutual aid, or whether they will get on better,
separately, remains to be seen. There is no doubt of
Mr. Jefferson's being decidedly for Mr. Crawford,2 and
he is a host in himself. If he were but well! But he
has warmly attached friends, not merely political, who
seek their own advancement, by favouring his, but per-
sonal friends, who love him for his virtues and respect
him for his integrity and talents, and he deserves them,
for he is a warm and zealous friend, where he possesses
friendship. It would grieve me, if when Mr. Boyd came,
he did not form an acquaintance with him, which should
verify all I say.
Your dispatches will not go to Edward as soon as you
hoped. Judge Southard who was here last week, says
he has detained the Cyene for Mr. Brown. Mrs. Brown
is very averse to a winter passage and good naturedly
begged him to have a hole bored in the Cyene, or some
other injury inflicted, so that it could not leave port until
better season. The Judge told her, that on the contrary,
he should hasten matters and begged her to be in readi-
ness. She gave up her house last week and in a few
days Mr. Brown departs. I have not called to bid her
my adieus. I have given up formalities. Indeed I sel-
dom go to the city and then only to the house of two or
three friends. The summer is our gay season. The
winter our working time. Your two last letters so in-
spired me that I have resumed Lucy and write a sheet or
two every morning, when not interrupted. . . .
1 They never did. They were united only in their contempt for Crawford.
' Probably a mistake. Jefferson made no intimations to this effect.
i64 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i824
TO MRS. SAMUEL BOYD
[Sidney,] Sunday, nth 1824, April.
. . . . Mr. Crawford1 has taken Capt. Doughty's
farm, which is separated from ours only by the road ; he
would remove immediately if it were not for business
with Congress, but he will come immediately after it
adjourns. He was here last week and seems to be re-
covering his strength. He walked over the grounds and
was in fine spirits, and I trust leisure and change of air
will soon restore him to perfect health. He talks of
travelling north, but is not decided on it and if he finds
the air of our hills beneficial, I suspect he will not leave
home. Mr. Calhoun has removed to his house on the
hills behind George Town and will live I suspect quite
retired the rest of the session. He does not look well
and feels very deeply the disappointment of his ambition.
Mr. Macon and Col. Barton are here and I must close
this long letter before Mrs. McClane comes. The gen-
tlemen and Mr. Smith have gone out to walk. The day
has cleared and is warm as summer. The peach trees are
in bloom, the weeping willows, lilacs, &c &c are in leaf.
Adieu, — write soon to
Yours affectionately.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney,] Thursday, June 28, 1824.
. . . . But it is natural that you and Maria who
are surrounded by so many dear friends and relatives,
should not have so much leisure of the heart, to think of
1 Crawford had a town house at the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and
14th Street. The historian Schouler (Vol. III., p. 305, " History of the
United States ") makes the mistake of supposing it to have been his " man-
sion in the country."
i824] CRAWFORD'S PERSECUTION 165
me, as I have, who have no interests beyond my own
family. I who live as it were in a land of strangers. To
say this of a land where I have dwelt for 20 years seems
strange and yet is true. The peculiar nature of Wash-
ington society makes it so. Had the intimate acquaint-
ances I formed when I first came been continued, twenty
years would have ripened them into friendship. But one
after another have been separated by death, the ocean, or
mountains and water. Mrs. Wharton and Mrs. Barlow
have long slept in their graves. Mrs. Pichon, whom I so
tenderly loved and dear Mrs. Middleton, are on the other
side of the Atlantic, as are Mad'm Neuville and several
others that I admired and esteemed and some have been
estranged by differing and conflicting politics. For in-
stance Mr. Calhoun's family. You have no idea, neither
can I in a letter give you an idea of the embittered and
violent spirit engendered by this Presidential question.
Our excellent friend Mr. Crawford, has been tried for
the third time, by a committee of men of hostile politics,
and like gold thrice tried in the furnace, comes out more
pure and bright, his most violent enemies, with their keen-
est researches can find nothing by which they can attaint
the purity of his integrity. It is surprising to me that his
temper is not soured or irritated by these repeated attacks
of Malevolence and disease; instead of which he is now
more mild and indulgent to his opponents, more patient,
gentle and affectionate to his family than ever. The
other evening speaking of Edwards 1 "I pity him,', said he
with emphasis, "I pity him/' It was just after hearing
an account of the examination, in which his falsehood
had been proved, and his embarrassment and agitation
1 Ninian Edwards was appointed Minister to Mexico in 1824 and was on
his way to his post when he was recalled in consequence of the discovery
that certain anonymous letters charging Crawford with malfeasance in
office were written by him.
166 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i824
described, "Poor man, I pity him," repeated he while
the moisture of his eyes confirmed the truth of what he
said. He is now our neighbour, and will, I trust, be
soon quite well. He told Mr. Smith he would come over
this morning and sit part of the day, he proposed walk-
ing, but Mr. S. advised him to ride. He is so venture-
some that I expect he will make himself sick again. The
other evening when I went over, I found him sitting on
the Piazza, in a thin gingham gown. But I am going
into details, in which perhaps you take no interest. This
may be the last year we shall enjoy his society, and if we
lose him we lose our best friend. But of this I own I
have not much apprehension, as I think his chance much
better than that of either of the other candidates, and
that it will be strengthened by the very means used by his
enemies to destroy him. But enough of what you care
nothing about.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[New York] Tuesday morning, [1824] ■
. . . . We had a charming party at his house, —
he did it to please me, which made me feel a little dis-
agreeable; had he only had Mr. and Mrs. Johnson,
Bleecker, Maria and Mr. Boyd and Cooper2 and Dr. Mit-
chel 8 I should have been better pleased, because it would
have been most agreeable to his own feelings. I did not
go to dinner, — second thoughts made me think it best not.
In the evening, in addition to the above personages were
half a dozen more literary characters, a most interesting
1 Mrs. Smith was on a visit to her sister, Mrs. Boyd— a rare occurrence,
for she seldom left her home.
2 James Fenimore Cooper. He seldom made a good impression on those
who met him for the first time.
3 Mrs. Smith's old friend, the scientist S. L. Mitchill, whom she had known
when he was Senator from New York.
i824] TALK WITH FENIMORE COOPER 167
assemblage to me. Among them Mr. Shaafaer,1 the
german clergyman. When he enter'd, the Dr. put a
chair next mine for him and he sat by me most of the
evening, gave me a great deal of information. When
Dr. Mitchell came in, he recognized me in his old, cordial
and friendly manner and not being able to get a chair be-
side me, brought one and placed it right before me, where
he sat a long while, talking with great interest of Wash-
ington and Washington folks, and the happy evenings
he used to pass at our house. No uninteresting topics
you will say. "I really did not know how much I loved
Washington until I had left it. I have since found it one
of my greatest pleasures to meet with any one who knew
or cared about it." This gave quite a charm to the
Philosopher's conversation. When he left his seat, Mr.
Cooper directly took it and I had a long conversation with
him conjointly with Mr. Schaafaer. I could not elicite
one bright idea, strike out one spark of genius from
Cooper, he was heavy and common place, no flowing
either of words or ideas, — he is a fine looking man, and
had I not been told, I should have fixed on him as the
author of the Pioneers, in this circle of more than a dozen
literary gentlemen. Dr. Harris,2 President of the col-
lege and two professors were there. Mr. Moore, I be-
lieve Maryanne knows. I found him far more agreeable
in conversation than either of the other gentlemen. He
was uncommonly agreeable, — some one has told me he
admired Maryanne very much. I wish the admiration
was strong and mutual. I passed a most charming eve-
ning, in the enjoyment of the species of pleasure I most
enjoy. The snow storm and two succeeding days, I sat
1 Frederick Christian Schaefer, pastor of the St. James English Lutheran
Congregation in New York.
2 Rev. William Harris, President of Columbia College from 1811 to his
death in 1829.
168 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1824
all the mornings in this nice library. Maria part of the
time with me, she says as I have already some of the
calamities of authors, I shall enjoy by anticipation some
of their privileges and comforts. As I have several
days been indisposed, she insists on my laying late in
bed, taking my breakfast in the library and lounging
part of my morning in my flannel gown on the couch
drawn close to the stove. Were you to see me reclining
in the midst of my books and papers, you would really
believe I was an author in fact. The evenings Mr. Day,
Mr. Bleecher and others, pass'd at home with us, and Mr.
Boyd and I seldom miss'd having a few games of chess.
A number of ladies have call'd to see me. I have at
least a dozen visits now on hand. Miss Segwick, the
authoress arid Mr. Hillhouse1 the Poet, were both to see
me yesterday besides Miss Harrison, Mrs. Lawrence
(Miss Smith that was daughter of former senator, whom
I knew in Washington) she is a lovely woman. I have
promised her an evening if possible. Dr. Mitchel and
Mrs. Mitchel called last week and fixed on [torn out]
for me to pass the evening with them. The friends, Mr.
and Mrs. Johnson, Mr. Bleecher and Dr. Stevens were
asked to meet me. Maria went with me, — we there met
Mrs. [torn out] and more than a dozen literary gentle-
men. Cooper could not come, but Dr. M. introduc'd
another author to me, whose work is now in the press.
He put them in the corner of the sopha by me, saying,
"here Dr. McHenny.2 is a lady who will talk of the
wilderness and the savages and Braddock's defeat with
you, and will talk poetry in the bargain." A singular
^James Abraham Hillhouse, of New Haven. His wife was Cornelia,
daughter of Isaac Lawrence, of New York. He published a number of
long poems, dramas and tales.
2 Probably this was a Dr. McKenney, but his writings have not pre-
served his name for posterity.
i8a4] LITERARY CONVERSATIONS 169
introduction, but it made us at once quite social. "These
are barbarous themes for conversation," said I, smiling,
"can you tell why Dr. M. selected them for our discus-
sion?" "Oh, because they are the subjects of the novel
I am now writing." Then we talked at large about
his work. I knew I could not choose a more interesting
topic, and it was one I too felt a peculiar interest in. I
questioned him as to his mode of composition, the time
he took, &c. "And do you enter into the feelings of the
characters you describe?" "So perfectly," said he, "that
my paper is often blotted with my tears and I weep, bit-
terly weep, over sorrows of my own creation." He has
likewise published two little poems. The poetry is not
very good, but moral and tender. But the poor little
author is one of the ugliest of God's creation. Yet he
interested me more than Cooper who is a very handsome,
fine looking man. He has more heart if he has not more
genius. Dr. M. showed us a great variety of natural
curiosities but as I told Mr. Smith, he is the greatest
curiosity in his collection, he was vastly amusing, dressed
himself in an indian or mexican mantle with some out-
landish crown, and a mexican sword, and enacted Monte-
zuma for us. Afterwards he put all the same savage
regalia on Mr. Bleecher, who looked handsomer than I
ever saw him in any dress. We called him Pizzaro or
Cortes, his black eyes, whiskers, curling hairr and heavy
eyebrows, gave him quite the appearance of a Spanish
grandee. . . .
170 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington,] Thursday night, 13th January, 1825.
. . . . You must know society is now divided
into separate batallions as it were.1 Mrs. Adams col-
lected a large party and went one night [to the the-
atre], Mrs. Calhoun another, so it was thought by our
friends that Mrs. Crawford should go too, to show our
strength. Last week I was in the city and the girls
wanted to go. Caroline and I got in the carriage after
dinner, and in one hour collected a party of 10 ladies
and above 20 gentlemen. I called at Mr. McClain's door,
sent for him, told him I was going with the Miss C.'s
and my girls. In a moment he said we should have as
many members and senators as we wanted, he and Mr.
Van Buren would muster them and take the box. With
a strong Crawford escort we went and passed so agree-
able an evening that this week they wanted to go again
and the gentlemen said we must let them know in time
and they would display a stronger force. The company
last night agreed on it. So this morning the girls and I
went out to make our arrangements. When we got
there, the senate was sitting with closed doors. We
went for a member who took us in the library and sent
for Mr. Forsythe, Mr. McClane and some other of our
friends, where by the fire on a sopha we made up our
party and a very large one it is. As Mrs. Crawford for
18 months has never been out, scarcely left Mr. C. an
1 In Washington the chief candidates for the Presidency, all members of
the same cabinet, were Adams, Crawford and Calhoun. Clay also was a
candidate and Andrew Jackson was gathering a mighty following which was
not fully reckoned with by the leaders in Washington. Crawford was a
genial, charming man, and he captured Mrs. Smith completely. He was,
in reality, a mere wire-pulling politician without any real claim to the office
he sought.
i8aS] CRAWFORD'S CHARACTER 171
hour, I persuaded her to go and promised to stay and
keep Mr. C. company, and here I am. We played chess
until we were tired, he retired early and I am alone in
the house, servants and children excepted, and embrace
this quiet and tranquil hour to write to you. Contrary
to my intentions I have been drawn more into company
this winter than usual. I feel the spirit of society awak-
ened. Never I think did I enjoy it more. It does my
heart good to see Mr. C. so well and so happy. His
happiness is quite independent of political circumstances,
it depends chiefly if not entirely on his family, — he is the
fondest father and one of the best husbands I ever knew.
There cannot be a kinder or better man, and never had
any public character more personal and devoted friends.
The fate of the election is as uncertain as ever, — the
friends of each candidate are sanguine of success, and
tho' divided and known, as I have said above, yet when
they meet, perfectly good natured and polite. And meet
they do, at all the parties, and joke together very pleas-
antly. I cannot perceive any animosity, any bitterness,
or suspicion, — every one openly avows his predeliction
and does his best to promote the interest of the candidate
whose cause he has embraced, but it is all done, (as far as
it respects society) in a fair and pleasant manner and I
really hope the crisis will pass without turbulence or diffi-
culty of any kind. At Mr. A.'s the other evening, there
were Jacksonites and Adamites and Crawfordites all
mingled harmoniously together. What a happy govern-
ment, what a happy country! Since I have been con-
vinced that Mr. C.'s happiness is so independent of suc-
cess I have become almost indifferent as to the result. If
his health is perfectly restored, he and his family will be
happy in retired and domestic life. Pardon me for
writing so much on this subject about which you cannot
172 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
care much. It is at present so exclusively the object of
public and private interest that I do not think or hear
of much else and really just now cannot write of much
else. . . .
TO MRS. BOYD
Sidney, January 14, 1825.
. . . . Another evening had a charming social
party at home, viz, Mr. Cfrawford'Js.1 He enjoyed
himself excessively, it was the first time these two winters
he has had a room full of company. He looked perfectly
well, and as this is a thing which no one will believe,
except those who see him, his friends in Congress are
very desirous that he should give a Grand Ball and invite
all Congress and all the citizens and strangers and think,
seeing with their own eyes, they might perhaps believe
that he is no longer a sick man. Mrs. C. feels afraid of
the experiment. He has now been secluded from society
for 16 or 17 months, and she knows not what effect
lights, noise, a crowd and the atmosphere of a crowded
room might have. It is to be determined in a day or
two. But I wish people would not like Thomas be so
incredulous and would believe without seeing, or had
good will enough to come and see without invitation.
Mrs. C, Caroline and Anne Smith went to the Theatre
the other night. We took care to let our friends in both
houses know and to ask such ladies as we knew were
friendly. The result was there was an overflowing
house, very brilliant, and what is better still, with but
few exceptions, all Crawfordites. Quite imposing, I
assure you. Mrs. C. and party sat in the front box, —
it was crowded with members and senators and as Mr.
1 Where Mrs. Smith was staying, as she had no house in town that winter.
i825] A CRAWFORD THEATRE PARTY 173
Holmes, who called next day, told us every one was re-
marking how ably Mrs. Crawford was supported. Cobb1
and Lowry 2 on one side, Van Buren I believe and I for-
get who else on the other, with a phalanx behind. I
went the previous evening and would not go, but staid at
home and played chess with Mr. C. On every occasion
that offers, his friends show Mr. C. the warmest and most
devoted attachment. They will adhere to him faith-
fully. Whether they will succeed in their endeavours
is doubtful. Folks here generally consider Genl. J[ack-
son] as having a better chance. It will soon be deter-
mined. I wish it was over. Mr. C. seems no way
anxious or impatient, he is always the same, mild, cheer-
ful and affectionate. The first sound I heard of a morn-
ing, was his voice calling to his little children, "Come
here my son, come here my daughter and kiss Papa for
good morning.,, He is excessively fond of chess and
plays constantly when not engaged in business. While
I was there we some times substituted whist, and we all
took turns to read, as he reserves his eyes for business,
to which he attended every morning. . . .
February n, 1825. Washington.
The contest is last over, and our friend has failed,3
this was wanting to show his character in all its light and
brightness. To me and not only to me but to all those
friends who have seen him as near as I have, he appears
a greater man, than any dignity or office could have made
him. He heard the decision without any surprise, or
emotion of any kind. His first words were, "Is it pos-
1 Thomas W. Cobb, Senator from Georgia.
2 Walter Lowrie, Senator from Pennsylvania.
3 Crawford received all the electoral votes of Virginia and Georgia and
some from New York, Maryland and Delaware, but failed of a majority,
and in the election by the House Adams succeeded through the efforts of
Clay.
174 WASHINGTON SOCIETY lFeb.
sible! Well, I really believed from what I heard last
night that Jackson would have been elected.'' The day
previous to the election as well as ever since has been
stormy weather so that Mr. C. could not go to his office.
On the day previous, the girls and Mr. C. brought their
work in the parlour, and we read by turns aloud to Mr.
C, but we were often interrupted by company. A great
many strangers whom curiosity had attracted to Wash-
ington, were drawn here by the same motive, wishing
to see how the candidate looked at such a crisis. Among
others was our old acquaintance Joe Lewis. He asked
Mr. Crawford how he expected to spend next sum-
mer ? — a droll question at such a moment ! "Probably in
Georgia," answered Mr. C, "but that must depend on
events." "True," answered Mr. L. recollecting himself
and perceiving his question had indicated his certainty
of the result. Soon afterwards, Count de Menou1 and
Mr. Ohner from Baltimore came in. "So," said Mr. O.
after some previous conversation, "So, Adams it seems
is to be elected." Count de Menou was startled, he
looked at me and raised his eyebrows to mark his as-
tonishment and then coming to me he whispered as if
in exculpation of his friend's impoliteness, "You see,
Madam, what a high respect every one has for Mr. C.'s
strength of mind, otherwise no one would have hazarded
such a remark just now." Mr. C.'s reply was, "Why,
some still hope that Jackson will succeed." There was a
succession of company until dinner time, among others
Mr. Cambreling brought Mr. Hoar who told me he had
recently seen Mr. Boyd.
All the afternoon and evening we played chess. By
way of a joke and to increase the amusement and in-
1 Comte de Menou was Secretary of Legation and Charge" d'Affaires ad
interim of France.
Andrew Jackson.
From the painting by Sully (1825) in the Corcoran Gallery,
Washington.
i8aS] "PRESIDENTIAL CHESS" 175
terest of the game, "Come" said I, "let it be the presi-
dential game and let us try who will succeed. Which
will you be Mr. C?" "Adams, Adams," said he, "for
of the two I would wish him to succeed." "I will take
the red pieces then and be Genl. Jackson, so take care of
yourself Mr. C. for my cavalry can leap over any barrier
you may oppose. I shall not be scrupulous I assure you,
but take every advantage, not heeding even the consti-
tution of the game." He laughed heartily at the idea
and said he would oppose my rashness by his diplomatic
skill and political wisdom, — the girls sat round and at
every advantage called out "Now Jackson, now Adams."
Stale mate, we agreed should represent Mr. Crawford.
( In truth it was the result in the Presidential game which
was anticipated by many of our friends viz., no election).
Every game we called one ballot. After five hardly con-
tested games, Adams came off with three. This little
conceit gave occasion to a good deal of merriment and
will give you some idea of Mr. C.'s state of mind, the
night previous to the election. The 9th was a snow
storm. Unless you realize the strong hopes of success,
which during the last two or three days our friends had
felt, and had infused into the mind of Mr. C. and family,
you can not realize the state of our feelings. But I can-
not go into particulars for I am fearful of trespassing
the boundary of confidential or avowed information.
But this far I can say, since our friends say it without
concealment, and with an indignation which they do not
pretend to disguise. The vote of one of the gentlemen
of your state1 decided the election. I presume without
naming him, Boyd will know him, and this vote was
given under the conviction that it was to be thus decisive.
"What shall I do," said he to a firm and undaunted
1 Van Rensselaer. See Mrs. Smith's letter of February, 1825.
i76 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
friend, with whom for more than two years he had acted,
"the responsibility is more than I can bear." "Why so?"
replied his friend. "You are a man in every circum-
stance of life independent. There can be no motive ex-
cept principle to sway your conduct. You are an old
man. My vote is equally decisive. I am a young man,
I risk everything, yet I have no hesitation ; take hold of
me and let us stand firm." This was an hour before the
balloting took place. "I am determined," answered the
gentleman, "here is my hand, I give you my word of
honor I will not vote for Adams." Not long after this,
some one told the firm gentleman that the other seemed
irresolute and anxious. He again went to him and
called your N. Y. Senator1 to aid him. Once more he
was confirmed and repeated his promise on his honor.
To give still greater weight, another friend went to him,
as he was passing to take his seat. To this gentleman he
repeated his promise and said he no longer was irreso-
lute. Yet ten minutes afterward when he wrote his
ballot, it was for Adams and settled the matter. The
gentleman who gave me those details and lives in the
same house said for the rest of that day and evening he
was sick at heart, the defeat he could have borne well
enough, but to be thus betrayed, thus deceived in one in
whom he had trusted as in himself, gave him such a dis-
gust to human nature, that he almost doubted the hon-
esty of every man and determined to leave political life,
and retire to the private walks of life. Thus far I wrote
in the city, and left off friday morning. The result was
known at three o'clock. Mr. Dickens2 who brought in-
telligence was much affected, more so than any of the
family, soon after, followed Mr. Cobb, the nearest friend
1 Van Buren.
2 Asbury Dickens, Chief Clerk of the Treasury Department, who managed
its affairs when Crawford was ill.
i8aS] CRAWFORD'S DEFEAT 177
of the family, and by dark, many other friends. Mr.
Crawford talked of details of the election, with as much
ease and indifference as a person wholly unconcerned,
and after tea he became so engaged in his game of whist,
that I believe he forgot the recent event, — some of the
company played chess, some talked and laughed. It was
not until eleven oclock we were left alone and I can
truly say this evening was not only cheerful but gay.
"The long agony is over," said Mr. Cobb, laughing and
rubbing his hands, "We have ease and peace at last."
"Well," said Mrs. Crawford, "the thing that reconciles
me to the disappointment, is that it has been brought
about by the hand of God, and not by the designs of men,
and therefore it must be right." She, as well as most of
our friends, think that his ill health prevented his suc-
cess. The next day, Thursday and Friday and Satur-
day, the parlour was never empty from ten oclock in the
morning until ten at night, and in the evenings we had
a circle, — one would have thought, instead of the de-
feated, he had been the successful candidate. On Thurs-
day morning G. Lafayette came and sat an hour, after-
wards the old general. The good old gentleman seemed
very much affected for he is very fond of Mr. Crawford,
he pressed his hand between both of his, and then sat
down so close, that I really supposed from his attitude he
was going to hug Mr. C. He sat near three hours with
him. On friday morning General Jackson accompanied
by Genl. Swortwout1 called. I was much pleased with
him. He and Mr. C. shook hands very cordially, he did
so likewise with Mr. Smith who sat near him and con-
versed freely on common place subjects. The day after
the election, Mr. C. received a polite, frank, and I might
1 Samuel Swartwout, of New York, afterwards Collector of the Port of
New York. His administration of his office resulted in grave scandals.
178 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
almost say friendly letter from Mr. Adams, in which he
not only requested, but expressed "an earnest hope and
desire" that he would remain in his present situation, (is
not this a full refutation of all the suspicions Mr. A.
proposed to have concerning Mr. C.'s conduct in the
Treasury). Without waiting to consult anyone, Mr. C.
immediately wrote an answer equally polite and frank,
declining the offer. Every friend who successively came
in and heard his decision approved highly of it, — the
motives he assigned were, that his political views differed
so essentially from Mr. A.'s, that he looked upon it as im-
probable if not impossible that they should ever agree.
To accept a place in his cabinet as an opponent to his
measures he deemed as unpleasant as it would be un-
generous, and to be an accessory to measures he did
not approve, was he thought inconsistent with honesty.
Tho' sensible of the advantage his continuance in office
might be to his young and rising family; tho' he was
going home to comparative poverty, his integrity could
not be shaken. "I cannot honestly remain," said he, and
that settled the matter. What a good and great man he
is! To me, he seemed greater at that moment than if
he had been elected President. "Well boys," said Mrs.
C, "only one of you can be a gentleman now. One, may
go to college and the rest of you must turn in to plough-
ing." "And instead of drawing . . . Miss Caroline"
said Mr. Cobb, "you may turn into the dairy, make but-
ter and cheese, and as for you Ann, you may go to spin-
ning cotton." "And what shall I do ?" said little Susan,
"oh you shall reel the cotton yarn. I have a pretty little
reel at home for you, that goes click click." Susan
jumped for joy. "And as for Bibb," continued Mrs. C.
"I can find work for him too." (he is 3 years old) he can
hold the spools, while I wind." All this was said with so
i825] CRAWFORD'S POPULARITY 179
much good humour and pleasantness, that I was almost
tempted to think it was what they preferred. The whole
family, including Mr. C. are much more gay and cheer-
ful than for many preceeding weeks. Suspense is cer-
tainly more painful, than any certainty. Saturday eve-
ning Mr. Owen of Lanack, passed several hours with us.
He is ugly, awkward, and unprepossessing, in manners,
appearance and voice, but very interesting in conversation.
This has been one of the most interesting weeks of my
life. I have passed almost every hour of it with Mr. C.
and his family. He liked to have them all round him
and the evening of the election would not let the little
ones go from him. Susan had her arms round his neck,
stroking his hair, kissing him and playing with him, while
his little boy sat on his knee, both children encompassed
with his arms and often pressed affectionately to his
bosom. His feelings, (for he must have felt on the occa-
sion) vented themselves in fondness and caresses of his
children. It is only through his heart that happiness or
wisdom can reach Mr. C. Leave him the objects of his
affection and he will be cheerful and happy, whatever
else may befall him. But this week was a mournful
week too, to me. I felt as if the approaching separation
was that of death, and as I gazed on him, felt as if tak-
ing a last, a farewell look, of one who for many years has
been our kindest and dearest friend. It required constant
effort to be cheerful, which I wished to be. One of his
friends, shaking hands with me said, — "between his
friends, there must ever be a bond of union. Yes, even
when we have lost him." "Such a minority as Mr. C.
has long had," said Mr. McClean to me "never could have
been held together by any motive less powerful than per-
sonal attachment. Never had any man such warm and
devoted friends. For his sake they were willing to risk
180 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
their all; — yea life itself." Nothing could reduce
them.
After church on Sunday, Mr. C. and the rest of the
family, came out with me and spent the rest of the day.
When I shook hands and bid him farewell, "not yet,"
said he smiling. "I shall come to see you again." Vari-
ous rumours are afloat, concerning the members of the
Cabinet, but without foundation. Mr. A. I do not believe
himself knows. If, (as it is believed) the leading repub-
licans will not accept places, he will be embarrassed, and
must either take federal gentlemen or secondary repub-
licans. As yet, he has shown a great desire to conciliate
and it is said will be a very popular Pred. I hope so. I
love peace and good will with every one. I hope his ad-
ministration will do honor to himself and good to his
country. All sides show equally good dispositions, — no
personal enmity, no asperity. Genl. Jackson has shown
equal nobleness and equanimity and received equal testi-
monies of respect and affection. To the honor of human
nature, as much attention has been paid the two unsuc-
cessful, as the successful candidate. For foreigners this
election must have had something new and imposing, and
to every one presented a spectacle of moral sublimity.
These agitations and anxieties are now over, for my own
part, I have felt much and rejoice once more to sit down
tranquilly. I shall resume my books and pen without
any wandering thoughts. We now feel fixed for life,
the retirement of Sidney, I have no more to look for-
ward to any change in our mode of living. The few
remaining years of my life, (if indeed years await me)
I will endeavour to improve, as well as to enjoy in en-
deavours to promote the happiness and welfare of my
children and neighbors. The circle is a very contracted
one, but contains sufficient objects to fill the hands, the
i8aS] TREACHERY TO CRAWFORD 181
heart, the mind. As for Mr. S. he is always calm.
Nothing has power to disturb his strong and well gov-
erned mind. He lives above the influence of the acci-
dents of life.
[Sidney] February 1825.1
I have returned home after passing a most interesting
week with one of our best and greatest men — with one
of our kindest and most valued friends. . . .
When I returned to the parlour, the gentlemen were
giving the family an account of the election — the mode in
which it had been conducted and the causes which had
produced this unexpected result. "Falsehood — dam-
nable falsehood," exclaimed Mr. Cobb, "the poor mis-
erable wretch after three times in the course of an hour
giving his word of honor not to vote for Mr. A. — Five
minutes after this last promise — did vote for him and
this gave him a majority on the first ballot.,, "Do not
say such bad words," said Caroline, "bad words and hard
names, will not alter the matter." "It is enough to make
a saint swear," reiterated Mr. Cobb. "Such treachery
and cowardice!" If Mr. A. had not been chosen on the
first ballot it was calculated — nay, promises had been
pledged, — that three states that voted for him first, would
come over to Mr. C. on the second — and that on each suc-
ceeding ballot, his course would have gained strength.
Many who voted for A. did so only in compliance to some
previous engagement with their constituents to make him
their first choice, tho' they in their own minds preferred
Crawford, and have since regretted, not following their
own judgments, instead of the instructions of their con-
stituents. It was likewise supposed that when Jackson's
friends lost hope of success, they would prefer C. to A,
1 From Mrs. Smith's notebook. .
18a WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
and would ultimately vote for him. Such at least was
the understanding between the different parties, tho' it
never seemed possible to me that Jackson who had so
many more states than C. should ever yield to a minority.
The only ground for such a hope, was the known im-
possibility of C.'s friends — who had resolved at all events
to vote for no one but him, even tho' there should be no
President and that Mr. Calhoun should come in — he
being Vice-P. About dusk several other members and
senators came in. — The conversation turned on the same
subject and every one appeared as much mortified and
disappointed as if assured of success previous to the elec-
tion. Two of the gentlemen proposed going to the
Drawing room to see how things appeared there and
promised to come back and bring us some account of it.
Cards were brought Mr. Cobb and Ann, Mr. Crawford
and myself made the game of whist, Caroline and Mr.
Lowry played chess and the rest talked and laughed while
they looked over our game. That ease which certainty
gives the mind after long endured anxiety and suspense,
supplied it with pleasurable sensations which for the mo-
ment seemed to overbalance the mortification of defeat,
and relieved from this pressure the spirits rose with an
elastic spring and inspired us with mirth.
This seemed to me the cause. But be it what it might,
the fact was certain that we were all very merry and joked
and laughed in all honesty and sincerity. Between ten and
eleven the gentlemen returned, and gave us an account of
the drawing room. "Luckily," they said, they went late,
otherwise they could not have got in. Some of the com-
pany had gone and made room for the others, but at one
time the mass was so compact that they could scarcely
move. "Pray Sir, take your finger out of my ear," said
some one, "I will, Sir, as soon as I get room to stir."
i825.] A CROWDED "DRAWING ROOM" 183
Some were absolutely lifted from their feet and carried
forward without any exertion of their own. Persons
who never before had been seen in company, had got in
that night, altho' the Marshall who stood at the door of
the entrance had done his best to prevent intruders and
had actually sent many away. Genl. Scott had been
robbed of his pocket-book containing 800 dolls., and much
mirth occasioned by the idea of pick-pockets at the Presi-
dents Drawing room. A good anecdote for the Quarterly
Review!1 "But when we got there," said Mr. Wil-
liams,2 "the crowd was not so dense. We could see and
move. Mr. Adams was not more attended to than usual,
scarcely as much so as General Jackson." "I am pleased
to hear that," said I, "it is honourable to human nature."
"But it was not very honourable to human nature to see
Clay, walking about with exultation and a smiling face,
with a fashionable belle hanging on each arm, — the vil-
lain ! He looked as proud and happy as if he had done a
noble action by selling himself to Adams and securing
his election. More than one, pointing to A. said, there
is our 'Clay President/ and he will be moulded at that
man's will and pleasure as easily as clay in a potter's
hands." "When Prometheus made a man out of clay,"
said Mr. W., "he stole fire from heaven to animate him.
I wonder where our speaker will get the fire with which
he means to animate his Clay President." "Not from
Heaven, I warrant," said one of the gentlemen. "Genl.
Jackson," said Mr. Williams, "shook hands with Mr.
Adams and congratulated him very cordially on his
sweep." "That was a useless piece of hypocrisy," ob-
served Mr. Crawford — "it deceived no one — shaking
1 The British Quarterly Review was generally critical in tone towards the
United States. See for example in the October, 1823, number, the review
of " Dwight's Travels in New England."
'Thomas H. Williams, Senator from Mississippi.
184 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
hands was very well — was right — but the congratulatory
speech might have been omitted. I like honesty in all
things." "And Van Ranselear x was there too," said Mr.
Williams, "but tho' he too had a lady hanging on his
arm, he looked more in want of support himself, than
able to give it to another."
"Poor Devil!" said Cobb, "one cant help pitying as
well as despising him."
"Pity!" said Mr. L[owry] — "I have no pity' for a
wretch like him. If he had not strength to do his duty,
why did he not confess it then one would have pitied
without blaming him, but to lie — to betray — to give his
solemn and voluntary word of honor and five minutes
afterwards to violate that word of honor — showed him
as destitute of honesty, as he is of strength — such a fel-
low I cannot pity."
"Well," said Mr. Crawford, "I do pity him, for it was
weakness and only weakness that betrayed him; he
had no motive, no hope of reward, it was not treachery,
but weakness and I pity a weak man, even more than a
weak woman." "Woman!" said Mr. Cobb, "why no old
woman in the land would have been so weak."
At this we all laughed, particularly when some one said
it was in obedience to women that he had done so, for
it w^s well known his wife had written to him on the sub-
ject and that she ruled him with an iron rod.
This I expressed my doubts of, knowing Mrs. V. to be
a very mild woman, and whose character I should not
suppose calculated to give her such influence.
"You are mistaken madam," said a gentleman, "he
refers to her on all occasions. I remember once dining
in a very large company with Mr. and Mrs. Van R.
1 Stephen Van Rensselaer was the eighth patroon. His wife was Mar-
garet Schuyler, daughter of General Philip Schuyler.
i8aS] VAN RENSSELAER'S VOTE 185
Some one present asked Mr. V. R. if he had read Baron
Humbold's late work. He pondered some time on the
question, hesitating — 'I — I — really am not sure. Have
I ever read Humbold's work, my dear?' said he, reach-
ing across a gentleman and speaking to his wife. She
looked vexed and hastily replied, 'Certainly, you know
you have read it.' "
"Poor fellow, no wonder then," said one, "that he
asked her who he should vote for."
"Pshaw !" exclaimed another, "he did not get a letter
from his wife during the five minutes that intervened
between giving his word of honor and giving his vote."
"No, no," said another gentleman, "But Clay, the
grand mover, tempter rather — whispered in his ear, some
one told me he saw him leave his chair and go and whis-
per a few words, just after Van Buren left him."
"That is not so," said another. "I heard it was Web-
ster."
"No, not Webster," said Mr. Vale,1 "I was in the gal-
lery and with my own eyes saw all that passed, just after
he had taken his seat in the New York delegation, and a
few minutes before the Ballot box was handed him I
saw Scott2 of Missouri go and whisper in his ear, and
some delay certainly did take place when the Box was
handed to the N. Y. delegation."
"Well it comes to the same thing," said Mr. Lowry,
"it was Clay after all, for Scott was a mere emissary of
his, and had previously by his arts secured the votes of
this one too. Scott was irresolute, until Clay got hold of
him, he had him with him until late last night. And
altho his inclination led him to vote for us, Clay had
power to persuade him to vote for Adams. 'Ah/ as
1 Stephen Vail, a resident of Washington.
2 John Scott, Representative.
186 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
John Randolph observed after counting the ballots, 'it
was impossible to win the game, gentlemen, the cards
were stacked.' "
"And that," said Mr. Cobb, nodding his head, "is fact
and the people have been tricked out of the man of their
choice."
When the news of his election was communicated to
Mr. Adams by the Committee and during their address,
the sweat rolled down his face — he shook from head to
foot and was so agitated that he could scarcely stand or
speak. He told the gentlemen he would avail himself
of the precedent set by Mr. Jefferson and give them his
answer in writing. One of the Committee told me from
his hesitation, his manner and first words, he really
thought he was going to decline.
If success, thus discomposed him, how would he have
supported defeat ?
The day of the election was a heavy snow-storm — this
was a fortunate circumstance, as it prevents the gathering
together of idle people, who when collected in crowds,
might have committed some foolish violence. Indeed in
one ward of the city, Mr. Vale told me, an effigy of Mr.
Adams had been prepared and had it not been a stormy
day, his opponents among the lower citizens would have
burnt it. This would have excited his friends, (partic-
ularly the negroes, who when they heard of his election
were the only persons who expressed their joy by Hur-
ras) some riot might have taken place. Among the
higher classes of citizens, no open expressions of exulta-
tion took place. Respect and sympathy for the other
candidates, silenced any such expression.
Is there any other country, in which such earnest and
good feelings would have governed the populace ?
The clapping in the Gallery of Congress, was short as
i82S] VOTING FOR PRESIDENT 187
sudden — it was silenced by loud hisses, before the order
of the Speaker to clear the Galleries could have been
heard — silenced by popular feeling. And a simple order,
without the application of any force, instantly cleared
them. How admirable are our institutions. What a
contrast does this election by the House of Representa-
tives form to the elections of the Polish Diet. They
were surrounded by foreign armies, controlled by foreign
powers. In Washington on the 9th of February not a
sign of military power was visible and even the civil
magistrates had nothing to do.
While the electoral votes were counting, (which was
done by the Senate and House conjointly) foreign min-
isters, strangers of distinction and General Lafayette
were present. But when the Senate rose and the house
formed itself into a Body of States to elect the Presi-
dent, the Senators withdrew from the floor, and all other
persons from the House. "What even General Lafay-
ette?" said I, "Yes," replied Mr. Lowry, "and had Gen-
eral Washington himself been there, he too must have
withdrawn." The delegation of each State, sat together
and after ascertaining by ballot which candidate had the
majority in the State, appointed one of its delegation, to
put the ballot for that candidate into the Ballot box.
The whole proceeding was conducted with silence,
order and dignity, and after the Ballots were collected
Mr. Webster and Mr. Randolph were appointed the
Tellers. It was Mr. Webster who with an audible and
clear voice announced J. Adams elected.
Such a scene exhibited in perfection the moral sublime.
The succeeding day, Thursday, citizens and strangers
crowded to pay their respects, not only to the President-
elect, but to Mr. Crawford and Genl. Jackson. Mr.
Crawford's drawing room was never empty from eleven
188 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
o'clock in the morning until eleven at night. This morn-
ing he did not seem as well as he had done of late. He
looked pale, serious and languid, but he conversed with
his usual gentleness and cheerfulness. The evening of
the election, he kept his little children up later than usual.
At twilight they sat on his knees — incompassed in his
arms — and he seemed to enjoy with even more than his
usual fondness their caresses. I observed him often
press them to his bosom and kiss them. Little Susan,
kneeling on his lap, hugged and kissed him and stroked
his cheeks and played with his hair, until Mrs. Crawford
fearing she would tease or fatigue her father, would
have taken her away, "No, no," said he, "clasping her
and his little son tightly to his bosom, "no, no, leave them
with me — they do not fatigue me." And while at cards
they were either standing by his knee or on the sopha
behind him, bobbing their heads, now here, now there,
pressing first one, then the other cheek and playing vari-
ous little tricks, which on other occasions seemed to dis-
turb him, but this evening, tho' deeply interested in his
game, he did not check them, nor would permit them to
be sent to bed, but every now and then turned to press
their heads and kiss them. Amiable affectionate man!
Affection was the most effectual balm to heal any wound
disappointed ambition inflicted.
On this day too — Thursday — he had them constantly
by him. His wife, his daughters, his younger children
and myself were the whole time with him. Even Mrs.
Belmoni, the old nurse could not stay away, but often
made excuses to come in the drawing room. "Poor old
woman," said he, on her leaving the room, "she seems to
take it to heart more than any one."
"It is the idea of being separated from the children,
and family," said I. "She told me yesterday that she
i835] LAFAYETTE VISITS CRAWFORD 189
would never leave you, that whether you would or no, she
would go to Georgia with you and that if you had
nothing but a crust to give her, she would stay with you,
for that it would break her heart to be separated from the
children." Mr. Crawford seemed affected and I thought
I saw his eyes glisten.
How every one who knows this man loves him !
Among the earliest visitors was George Lafayette.
How affectionately he held Mr. C.s hand between both
his, while his countenance beamed with tenderness and
sensibility. His father he said was detained by com-
pany, but the moment he was free he should be here.
He sat about an hour. The conversation this morning
was entirely on commonplace subjects — none of the vis-
itors alluded to what had taken place. About one o'clock
General Lafayette came. ... It was not until four
oclock that Genl. Lafayette left his friend and when Mr.
C. joined us at the dinner table, he mentioned among
other things that he had said, had Jackson been chosen,
Mr. Irving, (former Minister in Spain and a warm
friend of Mr. C.'s then in Paris) would never have for-
given him, but would have attributed his election to him,
at least to the eclat, which his arrival in the U. S. had
given to the military. "In order to avoid any such influ-
ence," continued the General "and to show that I re-
spected the civil, more than the military power, I have
invariably avoided wearing uniform, and on every occa-
sion since I have been here, have reviewed the troops in
my plain blue coat and round hat." Mr. Crawford ex-
pressed his high appreciation of the delicacy and dis-
cretion Genl. Lafayette had shown, not only in this but
in every other circumstance relative to the Presidential
contests.
Before the candles were light, visitors arrived — Col.
i9o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
and Mrs. Bomford, and Judge Johnson were among the
earliest and as soon as we had taken our tea and coffee
we commenced our usual harmless game of whist — harm-
less as we never played for anything. It was difficult to
think up a commonplace conversation, where every one
felt so much and cards was a good resource.
Soon after Mr. Van Buren and McClean (of Del)
came in. As soon as the game was finished I gave up
my hand to Mr. Van B. and sat by Mr. McClean with
whom Mrs. C, Caroline and I had an interesting con-
versation, as we sat on the sopha, the opposite side of
the rest of the company.
"And how do you bear our disappointment?" said I
to Mr. McC, who is a particular friend. "I am sick,
sick at heart," replied he. "I could not come here yes-
terday— I felt too wretchedly. I went to bed for an
hour or two and when a little calmed, rose and poured
out all my feelings in a letter to my wife. I gave her the
whole history and then felt a little easier."
"Why you bear it worse than any one I have seen,"
said I.
"Oh, Mrs. Smith," said he, "Defeat I could have
borne as philosophically as any one, but, falsehood, de-
ceit, treachery, from one in whom I had trusted, with as
much fullness and confidence, as I trusted myself, that /
could not bear. Mrs. Smith, it has so disgusted me with
political men and political life — nay with mankind itself,
that I wish I could shut myself up for life and have noth-
ing more to do, with any one but my wife and children.
I look around — and exclaim where is there one man I
can trust! and I feel there is not one!"
"Why what can have produced such disgust against
your species?" asked I.
"Treachery and falsehood," replied he, "where I be-
i8a5] VAN RENSSELAER'S PROMISES 191
lieved was honor and truth. Genl. V. R. has for two
years been one of our mess. He has betrayed those with
whom he broke bread. We conversed before and con-
fided in him as one of ourselves. He always professed
himself one in our views, our plans, our hopes, and this
very morning, not half an hour before he betrayed us, he
pledged me his word of honor, that he would not vote for
Adams. After the Senate withdrew, some one came and
told me he was walking in the lobby, and looked anxious
and perturbed. I went to him and asked him what dis-
turbed him. 'McClean,' said he seizing my hand, 'the
election turns on my vote — one vote will give Adams the
majority — this is a responsibility I am unable to bear.
What shall I do?'
" 'Do,' said I — 'do what honor, what principle directs.
General you are an old man. All the circumstances of
life place you above the comon temptations of men. You
want nothing, you have no motive but duty to sway you.
Look at me, I am a young man, I have nothing — I have
a large family. My vote like yours would turn the scale.
I feel a responsibility as mighty ; but General, the greater
the responsibility the greater the honor. From three
we are to choose the man we think the best man. You
have often said in your estimation that man was Craw-
ford— why then hesitate? take hold of me, let us march
boldly on and do our duty.'
" 'I am resolved,' announced the general, 'here is my
hand and I give you my word of honor not to vote for
Adams.'
"I then quitted him, but to make assurance doubly sure,
I went to Archer and begged him to go and receive the
same pledge. He did so, the General repeated to Archer
what he had said to me and gave him his word of honor
he would not vote for Adams.
i92 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
"A little while after this, a friend whispered me, that
from the General's looks, he was afraid he was again
wavering. Another gentleman told me that during this
interval, the speaker had been seen whispering with him.
"I then went to Van Buren and begged he would go
and talk with him, for the poor old man seemed stagger-
ing under the weight of responsibility. When Van B.
went to him he was passing round the house to take his
seat with N. Y. delegation. He stopped to listen and
again to Mr. V. B. repeated his promise on his word of
honor, that he would not vote for Adams. After he took
his seat next Mr. Morgan, he repeated it to that gentle-
man and a few minutes afterwards he must have written
the name of Adams, which he put in the ballot box.
After this, can you wonder that I was sick at heart and
disgusted with politics and politicians."
"Have you seen him since ?" asked Mrs. C. "Yes," re-
plied Mr. McC. "When the election was over, as I was
leaving the House, I saw him coming to me, I hurried
forward to avoid him, he hurried after me, when I
reached the door I saw a hack, in which were three
gentlemen. I jumped in, knowing he could not follow,
when I got home, I ran up in my own room, but had not
been long there when he followed, he came in, he looked
wretchedly, tears were running down his cheeks, 'forgive
me, McClean,' said he, stretching out his hand. 'Ask
your own conscience General and not me,' said I turning
away. Since then he has been in Coventry. A similar
scene took place with V. B. and the other gentlemen of
the mess, we let him continue with us, sit at the same
table with us, but we do not speak to him. He is be-
neath anything but contempt, and he is an old man."
"What possible motive?" inquired I, "can you assign?"
"None," replied Mr. McC, "none, weakness, pure weak-
18*51 ADAMS'S OFFER TO CRAWFORD 193
ness, as he said, the responsibility was more than he
could bear."
"He has always," said I, "been considered as a pure
and honorable man."
"Always," replied McC, "and even now I do not im-
peach his purity — it was shear weakness of mind, he
never, you know, was thought a man of much under-
standing, and it is supposed is absolutely governed by his
wife and it is said, she has written earnestly on the sub-
ject— he might be afraid to disobey."
While we were thus conversing, a servant entered and
giving a letter to Caroline, said, it is brought by Mr.
Adams Steward. For 18 months Caroline, has opened
read and answered all her father's private letters and did
not hesitate to do so now.
After reading it, she handed it to McClean, saying, it
contains no secrets, only a repetition of an offer already
verbally made, or rather a request that my father would
continue in his present office. Mr. McC. read it and said
it was polite, frank and friendly and asked what were her
father's intentions. "To decline" answered she. "I am
rejoiced to hear it," said Mr. Mc. "Oh we have but one
wish," said Mrs. C, "and that is to return as soon as possi-
ble to Georgia, it is absolutely necessary for Mr. Craw-
fords health and that is all we care for." The letter was
laid aside, until the company should go and Mr. McC. ad-
vised her not to give it to her father until the next morn-
ing, as it was late and he might be fatigued.
Before he left his room the next morning and imme-
diately after taking his breakfast, he answered Mr. A.'s
letter. In a frank and friendly manner, without consid-
ering the various meanings that might be attached to a
word.
Mr. Adams was : "Dr. Sir — I avail myself of the first
i94 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
moment, since I have been notified of the election of yes-
terday, to express to you my earnest hope and wish that
you will remain in your present situation, (or retain
your present office) I do not recollect which. I remain,
Sir, with sincere respect your humble Servt." To this
Mr. C replied with less conciseness. "Dr Sir — I have
received and hasten to answer yr friendly letter, But hav-
ing long since deliberately made up my mind not to re-
main in my present situation after Mr. Monroe's term
of service expires, You must allow me to decline your
frank and friendly offer, which had it not been other-
wise I might have been induced to accept. With sincere
respect your humbl"
This was written ready to send when two or three
gentlemen, his friends, entered and he showed it to them.
One objected to the word present situation, thinking
Mr. Adams might imagine he would accept the office of
State. As this interpretation might be given, he did not
object to striking out that expression. That in any cir-
cumstances he might have been induced to accept a place
in the office, was a thing these gentlemen deemed de-
grading to him and injurious to the Republican party.
He argued, he meant it as merely complimentary and
he thought the offer on Mr. A.'s part required from him
at least the most obliging mode of declination. But this
was overruled and one gentleman wished him to say,
that in no circumstances could he be induced to accept
— this he resolutely refused — "friendly letter," was ob-
jected to — likewise "frank and friendly offer.'' As the
repetition of the word friendly was inelegant and un-
necessary he consented to expunge the first friendly ; but
insisted on retaining the word in the second place — much
argument ensued and had one of the gentlemen had his
way, a rude answer would have been sent. I was shocked
i825] CRAWFORD'S DECLINATION 195
at such illiberality and narrow-mindedness and glad that
Mr. C. would not yield — the answer contained these, or
nearly these words —
"In acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the
10th I must be permitted, Sir, to decline the frank and
friendly offer it contains and am with high respect your
humble servant.,, Mr. C.'s frank and generous temper
prompted him to a more courteous answer, but deeming
it a thing of little importance he yielded to this concise
reply.
He was worried by their petty objections, which they
urged and argued about as matters of great importance
and showed more impatience and irritation and yielded
rather because he was wearied and worried than because
he deemed it of any consequence. . . .
When no visitors were present, Mr. C. played whist
and seemed in his usual spirits. A large circle collected
in the evening and as they were particular friends many
details respecting the election took place, by which it was
evident they hoped for ultimate success, could the de-
cision have been delayed ; at any rate, they meant had it
been in their power to have prevented an election, think-
ing it a less political evil to have the vice-President fill the
presidential chair, than either Adams or Jackson. Those
moderate people of their own party think differently and
prefer the present result to a long-contested election, but
all agreed it was Mr. Clay who had decided it, and would
have done it in favour of either of the other candidates to
whom he had given his support.
On Saturday, Congress was not in session, and the
whole morning the drawing-room was crowded with
company, both ladies and gentlemen. The four mem-
bers of parliament and many other strangers called.
196 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
In the evening, among other gentlemen who were
there was Mr. Owen of Lanark.1 ... He has pur-
chased of the Shakers, their establishments at Harmony,
consisting of many excellent buildings, manufactures in
full operation, Gardens, orchards, vineyards — corn fields
— and 30,000 acres of ground.
Mr. Owen cares not how degraded, vicious or ignorant
his new colonists may be, as he feels the power of his
system to.be such, that they can soon be rendered vir-
tuous and educated. At Lanark, he said he had com-
menced with the dregs of the dregs of society. In a
population of 2400 criminals and ignorant persons, he
had never made any punishments or rewards, beyond a
small fine, to restrain vice and encourage happiness which
resulted from good conduct and to encourage virtue. In
the course of a year the fines had not amounted to quite
40 shillings. "They want nothing and therefore are
without tempation — make a man happy and you make
him virtuous — this is the whole of my system, to make
him happy, I enlighten his mind and occupy his hands
and I have so managed the art of instruction that in-
dividuals seek it* as an amusement. Two of the most
powerful moral agents I use, are musick and dancing.
Relaxation after labour, and amusement are both phy-
sically and morally necessary. Dancing combines both
exercise and amusement, and of all pleasures musick is
the most innocent and exhilerates the spirits, while it
soothes the passions. I require my people to labour only
8 hours out of the twenty-four. Instruction and amuse-
ment diversify the intermediate hours."
1 He was a social reformer of great renown in his day. He delivered a
lecture at the Capitol, March 7, 1825, which Monroe and Adams attended.
He established a community in Indiana in 1824 which failed in three years.
In 1828 he projected a community in Mexico, but the scheme fell through,
because the Mexican government insisted the Catholic religion should pre-
vail, and Owen was a freethinker.
i825] OWEN OF LANARK i97
"And can you deter from vice and stimulate to virtue
without the fear of punishment or hope of reward ?"
"Yes," said he, "fear and hope are equally banished,
actual enjoyment, which is the consequence or result
of good behavior is sufficient."
"If you make the present life so happy, so all sufficient,
I fear they will not wish for another." "But," said he
smiling, "if their present life prepares them for a future
life, is not that sufficient?"
"I have endeavored," said he, "to gather from the ex-
perience of others. I avoided all those principles and
systems which have failed to make men happy — in other
words virtuous. Or rather I have selected from the
experiments made in morals, only such as have been
proved good and sufficient. And with these materials
I am making a new experiment, and feel no doubt of its
success. Education is the foundation on which I build —
enlighten men's minds and they will discern and under-
stand what will promote their good. Take away want
and you take away tempation — make men happy and
you make them virtuous — these are my governing prin-
ciples."
Cool and dispassionate in his manner, slow and even
difficult in his enunciation — with a face indicative of a
strong mind, but no imagination, it is difficult to conceive
that Mr. Owen is a vissionary and enthusiast — yet so
he is called. . . .
MR. CRAWFORD AND HIS BARBER1
One morning (a few days before Mr. Crawford after
his resignation of office left the city,) I was sitting with
him and the family, when the servant entered and said,
1 From the notebook.
i98 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
Mr. Dickison his Barber, had called and wished to know
if he might come in. "Certainly," said Mr. C. "ask
him in."
The honest man, was accordingly shown in. He was
dressed in his Sunday clothes and evidently came on a
visit, and not on business. He did not approach, but
stood at the door twisting his hat in his hand, not em-
barrassed, so much as agitated. "Take a chair, take a
chair," said Mr. Crawford, pointing to one near him.
The good fellow obeyed, looked up with eyes full of
tears, but could not for some moments speak, at last
he said, "They tell me, Sir, we are soon to lose you."
"It is true," said Mr. C. "I am going home" — another
pause — "I am heartily sorry to hear it," said he at
last, "every one that knows you is heartily sorry. It is a
long while, Sir. since you've been home, and so I was
thinking your garden might be out o' sorts, which as
you love gardening so, is a pity. No one belikes has
saved good seed for you, and as you know, Sir, mine is
an extraordinary good garden, I have been putting up
a parcel of the finest seeds I saved and if you will not be
affronted, should like you to take them with you — and
should consider it a great favour." "Willingly, and
thank you, Dickison," replied Mr. C. On this, the
honest barber's countenance brightened up, he handed
the parcel, saying, "Would to the Lord, I had had as
many votes, they should all have been as freely given to
you Sir" — Then turning to Mrs. C. and looking at the
children — "And with your good leave, madam, I should
like to cut the young gentlemens hair once again, before
they went." "Certainly," replied Mrs. C. He then
looked first at one, then at another, then at Mr. Craw-
ford, with great emotion, and eyes brimful of tears. He
seemed to be studying for some other mode of expressing
i8a5] CRAWFORD'S BARBER 199
his affection, but could find none, so, slowly getting up
and approaching Mr. C, who held out his hand to him,
he seized it, and while he held it pressed between both
of his, he exclaimed, "Well, God bless you, Sir, God bless
you. Yes, wherever you go and as long as you live, may
God in his mercy help you!" and unable to say more, he
shook hands with the rest of the family, and wiping his
eyes with the back of his hand, bowed low and hurried
out of the room.
ANOTHER ANECDOTE
While Mr. Crawford was in the country, (the autumn
before he left the district) he was too ill to be regularly
attended by his barber, when therefore his services were
required he was sent for. Such were the exaggerated
rumours afloat concerning Mr. C.'s health, that it was
impossible to ascertain the truth and both political friends
and enemies at a distance were in a constant state of
suspense and anxiety. It was an important point to both
parties, one endeavoring to lessen, the other to exag-
gerate the reports of his illness. Persons were sent on
the part of his opponents, (who were most apprehensive
of deception) to see with their own eyes and hear with
their own ears. One morning when two gentlemen of
this description, were with him, his barber arrived. He
was a good-mannered talkative man, who for twenty
years had been chief barber to the whole of Congress,
and had for the sake of his amusing gossip been in-
dulged by the members in his communicativeness and
familiarity. "What do you think, Sir ?" said he to Mr.
C, yesterday, "a strange gentleman from N. York came
to me. 'Dickison,' says he, 'you are Mr. Crawford's bar-
ber I hear, so of course you must know the truth, — they
2oo WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
tell me he is blind, now, my good man, do for God's sake
tell us if it is so — speak the truth and you shall be well
rewarded.' 'Sir,1 says I, 'if a blind man can write like
this,' pulling your note out of my pocket and showing it,
'if a blind man can write such a fair round hand as that,
then Mr. Crawford is blind, for that very note did he
write his own dear self.' La, Sir, I wish you had seen
how disappointed and mouth fallen the fellow looked.
Yes, yes, I knew how it was, right glad would he have
been to have heard you were blind."
"Ha! ha! ha!" echo'd Mr. Crawford. "Why so I am
blind Dickison, at least too blind to write a single line.
My daughter wrote that note."
The poor barber in his turn looked mouth fallen and
glanced at the two strangers who were present and then
at Mr. C. as much as to say, "but why need you let these
spies know as much."
But Mr. C. would as freely have let the whole world
know, for in this, nor in any other instance, however
trifling would he consent to deceive, or mislead opinion
public or private. I remember in the winter after his
return, I joined his family in persuading him to receive
his numerous visitants in the drawing room, instead of
his chamber, that he might have less the appearance of an
invalid. He consented on condition he might have his
large easy chair.
It was placed on the side of the room on which were
the windows, so that the light fell on his back and his
face remained in shadow — what was still worse, the win-
dow curtains were of green silk and gave his complexion
a ghastly hue, — ensconsed in this great high backed chair,
tinted with these green curtains, he looked ill, very ill, al-
most corpse like, at the very time when his health was
almost restored and his complexion far from pale.
18*51 CRAWFORD'S AMIABILITY 201
The most unfavorable impressions respecting his health
were made — on all such as saw him only in his great chair
and the worst reports consequently circulated. I urged
him to dispense with the chair and substitute a sopha,
and to have the green curtains changed for crimson. He
laughed heartily at what he called my female artifices,
and told me he could not play the coquette even to win
the favour of his mistress, — the public. At last we wor-
ried him into compliance, so far as to exchange the
chair for a sopha — but never could prevail on him to
change the curtains, so that through all this eventful
winter, he looked in much worse health than he really
was and even some of his friends thought, he was in-
capacitated by disease for being President.
But to return to our honest Barber, who was continu-
ally giving proofs of his enthusiastic regard for Mr. C.
on some such occasion, I asked Mr. C. what had given
rise to such an uncommon attachment. "That is more
than I can tell," said he, "but of my own liking for the
good natured fellow it occurred oddly enough. I had
lost one of my carriage horses and was looking out for a
match. One day as I was riding along Pennsyl. Avenue,
I met Dickison mounted on precisely such a horse as I
wanted. I stopped and calling to him, asked if he would
part with it and at what price.
" 'To you Sir/ said he 'at no price/ 'How so friend ?'
said I, 'why not to me — have I ever done you any harm ?'
'No, Sir/ replied he, 'you have never done me harm, but
you have done your country great harm by the vote you
gave yesterday in Congress, and if you were to lay me
down your whole fortune you should not have my horse/
1 'Well done my brave fellow," said I, holding out my
hand to him. T wish every man was as honest as you
and happy thrice happy would our country be/ From
202 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
that day I employed him as my Barber and we have ever
since been as good friends as honest freemen can be."
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney,] March 12, 1825.
. . . . Yesterday we bade farewell to our excel-
lent friend Mr. Crawford and his amiable family. To me,
it was an affecting sight to see this truly good and great
man, quitting the theatre of his ambition and his activity,
to retire to comparative obscurity, inaction and poverty —
voluntarily quitting it, rather than to remain in a situa-
tion in which he said he could no longer do good to his
country. He immediately and unhesitatingly declined
Mr. Adams invitation to retain his place in the Cabinet,
and when I suggested to him the interests of his family
and his own gratification as motives for continuance, "I
cannot do it honestly," replied he, and that settled the
matter. "I cannot support measures I do not approve,
and to go into his cabinet, as an opponent, would be very
ungenerous." It is said, that no man is a great man,
when seen near. In Mr. C.'s case, this is not true, for
it is only when seen near, that all his great qualities are
discernible. In the privacy of domestic life, and in the
unguarded hours of social and confidential intercourse,
he discovers dispositions of the heart and powers of
mind, which public occasions do not call forth. It is
easy to put on a smiling countenance and to assume
cheerfulness for a few hours; particularly when public
applause stimulates and rewards you. But it is not easy
to be really calm amidst difficulty, conflict and suspense,
to be cheerful when hope is blasted, when wishes are dis-
appointed, when pride is mortified, when the object of
ardent desire, of strong effort, of long continued exer-
i825] CRAWFORD'S DEPARTURE 203
tion, of exclusive thought, is suddenly wrested from you.
The full and crowded mind is suddenly left a void, and if
not a strong mind, it would sink. Not so Mr. C. The
object that occupied his mind, for eight, perhaps more
truly for twelve years, is snatched from him, and disap-
pointment inflicts so little pain, that it is hard to believe
that hope could have given much pleasure. I passed the
whole week of the election with him and studied his
character with the care and attention with which a
painter would have studied his features. He betrayed no
anxiety, while in suspense, and no defeat in faction when
disappointed. He was uniformly cheerful and the only
difference I perceived was an increase of tenderness to
his children. To me, this was one of the most interest-
ing weeks in my life. Deep interest, strong excitement,
produced by a great object, were circumstances of rare
occurrence and offered me a proportionably rare enjoy-
ment. Every day, or rather evening, I was in company
with some of the most distinguished actors in this in-
teresting drama. I knew the causes of their circum-
stances and the motives of their actions, on which public
opinion speculated and so often misinterpreted. It was
curious and amusing to compare rumour and truth, and it
was highly interesting to watch not only the development
of characters, but of events. To this speculative and
moral interest was added that of friendship and affection
and I enjoyed that pleasure, (a pleasure which life so sel-
dom affords) which a full mind and a full heart only can
yield. In these large objects, individual interest was
scarcely felt — selfish, I should have said. I thought so
much of others that self was forgotten. Perhaps it is to
this cause I must ascribe the indifference I have felt as to
the fate of Lucy1 and other things of the same nature.
1 One of her stories.
2o4 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1825
My thoughts and feelings generally run in one channel.
When divided into separate streams they lose their force.
This winter Mr. C.'s circumstances and character have
been more interesting to me than my enemies. Our
families have almost lived together and I have passed so
much time in the city since we left it. I have been in
more society than I have been in for many years, and
never enjoyed it more. But this is all over now ! The
dissolution of such an intimacy, the separation from such
friends, inflicts almost as much pain, as the death of those
we love and esteem. The cessation of an interest so
deep and so lively leaves a vacuum in the mind, which
common objects cannot supply. Madam Pichon, my
first friend in Washington, after eight years intimate in-
tercourse, was taken away. Mrs. Barlow succeeded;
she too is gone, but not more completely lost to me,
tho' divided by death, than Md. P., and good Mrs. St.
Gemmes, tho' separated only by the Atlantic. Mrs. Mid-
dleton1 promised to supply the place of these friends to
me. The ceremonious intercourse of strangers had
given place to the confidential intercourse of congenial
minds and kindred feelings ; from whence was springing
up an intimacy, which in time might have ripened into
tender friendship. But she, too, is placed by circum-
stances on the other side of the ocean. Mr. Crawford
and his family more than supplied her place. The others
were exclusively my friends, but these last were the
friends of my husband and children and our intercourse
had all the kindness and intimacy of relationship. But
again, we are bereft of what we most valued in our social
circle and thrown once more upon ourselves for all the
pleasures, which intimate and confidential society affords.
1 Wife of Henry Middleton, of South Carolina, Minister to Russia, 1820-
1830. She was a regular correspondent of Mrs. Smith.
i8a7] MONOTONY AND QUIET 205
Well, few are as rich as I still am, few as happy in
their homes, and less dependent on society. I enjoy
society with the keenest relish, and so I do retirement, —
each has its peculiar delights. One is left me, and I am
determined not to allow the enjoyment of what I possess,
to be lessened by the want of what I cannot obtain.
"This was very wise," you will say, "but not very easy."
For me it is easier than for most folks. Such is the
conformation I have received from nature, that present
objects only affect me in a deep or lively manner. Out
of sight, out of mind, is pretty true, when applied to me.
It is a defect, I know that, yet it is one I rejoice in, since
it spares me great pain. However accute my sorrows
are, they are soon over. I have had some that have kept
me waking, but few, if any, that a sound sleep has not
cured. I have ever found sleep to be a lethean draught,
— in it I lose not only the sensation of pain, but the ideas
which cause pain. This argues a great deficiency of sen-
sibility. I know it well, and always have said, nature
had given me only a deep sensibility to pleasure. Mo-
notony and quiet are the foes dangerous to my happiness.
Stagnation is like death. Stagnation of the mind is one
of the worst of evils.
TO MRS. BOYD
[Sidney,] January 12, 1827.
. . . . As Dr. Stevens once said to me, when
complaining of nervous affections and restlessness of
mind, "You have almost passed the stormy part of life
and are entering on a calm and tranquil state, when all
these complaints will vanish." His prediction is ac-
complished and I am often astonished at the contentrnent
and serenity I enjoy. Not that I can possibly imagine
2o6 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
this arising entirely from physical causes. My health
indeed is better, and not subject to the violent attacks I
then was subject to, but I hope more may be ascribed to
mental discipline, and tho' I fear, Maria, you do not like
to hear me ascribe such effects to philosophical reading,
yet in the truth I believe this the cause. For the last two
years my reading has been almost exclusively of moral
subjects as treated of by the ancient philosophers, and
in their writings there is a calm and tranquilizing and at
the same time elevating influence, that has a most de-
lightful effect on the mind. But do not connect with
philosophy, anything adverse to religion. As I once said
the philosophy of Socrates, Cicero and Seneca, has no
resemblance to that of the modern school. The immor-
tality of the soul and the government of God is enforced
with an eloquence that charms while it convinces and
their system is no ways incompatible with that of re-
vealed religion, nor have I found that it undermined my
faith in Christian doctrine. I wish you would read
Cicero's essay on old age, — every person advanced in life
would I think derive advantage from it. My pen you
see, will wander. I meant not this digression. . . .
Last week I went in to pay some necessary visits and
dined at Mrs. Thornton's. After dinner I sent for
Brother and after passing the twilight hour with Mrs.
Bourdeaux and Thornton, I took him with me to Mrs.
Johnson's,1 — this little woman improves exceedingly on
acquaintance. I tell her she is too good for a mere fash-
ionable lady and I believe her heart tells her so too, for
since the birth of her son, she does not go into half as
much company as she used to do. She has great sim-
plicity of manners and her living and dressing in the
1 The wife of Mrs. Smith's old friend, Colonel Richard Mentor Johnson,
now Senator from Kentucky.
i827] "A LEARNED JUDGE IN JERSEY 207
highest style and the consequent flattery and attention
she receives has not in the least spoil'd a natural kind and
sensible disposition. I like her more and more. We
spent an agreeable hour with her and staid to tea, when
finding I would go to Mrs. Clays she said she would go
with us. It had been three weeks since I had been
there. Brother who had dined there the day before in
a large company, said he was much more gratified by this
social visit. Mr. C.1 was very agreeable. I joked him
a good deal on the learned judge he had appointed in
Jersey.2 "At first," said I, "he was a sadler, then a store
keeper and then when made a justice of peace, he under-
took to read Blackstone, the only law-book it is said he
has ever read. What a learned judge and chancelor he
will make !" "Stop, stop," said Mr. C, "you do not know
Mrs. Smith I was a store-keeper." "I did not," said I,
"but I know without your telling me that your studies
were not limited to Blackstone." He took my raillery in
very good part and defended the appointment very skill-
fully and brought me to acknowledge it was impossible
to please every body. The next evening I was engaged
at a large and splendid party at Mr. Wirt's, and as Mrs.
Clay said etiquette allowed of my so doing I asked brother
to go along and appointed him to meet me at Mrs. Clay's
at 7 oclock. The next evening I went in, Ann with me
and Mrs. C. and party waited until near 8 for brother. —
As he did not come, she told me I had best call for him
at the President's where he dined. I did so, but he had
just left the house. Mr. Clay had left word for him to
follow us and I was afraid he would not, but staid in the
reception room waiting for him and soon saw his face
through the crowd and making my way found him and
1 Clav was then Secretary of State.
2 William Rossell had just been appointed United States District Judge.
2o8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
introduced him to Mr. and Mrs. Wirt, and kept his arm
through the evening introducing him to all my acquaint-
ances. It was a charming party and I enjoyed it the
more for having his company. Mrs. Barbour1 asked me
and all the family, brother included, to spend the next
day socially with her and to pass the evening. She
always receives company on Saturday evening. We
agreed. The next day, was as you may believe a very
interesting one to me and the girls. Mr, Smith on that
day, read his memoir on Mr. Jefferson before the Co-
lumbian Institute. There was unexpectedly a great
many ladies. The President of U. S. being likewise
Pres'd of the institute, presided on this occasion. I felt
absolutely sick from anxiety, as my dear husband is
totally unaccustomed to speak in public, but every thing
went off very well, — no hesitation or embarrassment, tho'
from inward emotion his voice was low and indistinct.
When you read the memoir, which I shall send you, you
will have a new proof that my husband is no courtier,
indeed, without servility I think I urged him to make
some mention of J. Adams, — but he confined himself
wholly to the subject of his memoir and tho' Genl.
Brown, our good friend sat close before him and he did
not spare military power and glory.
Brother seemed really charmed with Gouv'r Barbour's
eloquent and amusing conversation, — certainly few equal
him in colloquial powers. Being engaged early in the
evening at Mrs. Rush's, brother left us when we rose
from table and we ladies retired to dress for the evening.
You know Mrs. Barbour is almost as great a talker as
myself, being both in very high spirits, which the girls
declared were increased by champayne, we passed really a
merry hour or two during the unceremonious ceremony
1 Wife of James Barbour, Secretary of War.
Henry Clay.
Secretary of State 1825-1829.
From the portrait by Edward Palton Marchant. In the State
Department, Washington.
i827] FAIR FOR THE ORPHAN ASYLUM 209
of dressing. Between 7 and 8, the company began to
assemble and tho' an uninvited and social meeting, the
rooms were soon filled. Mr. Smith, for a wonder, made
his appearance for a little while on his way to sup with
the Typographical Society on its anniversary. Mr.
Gales and 4 or 5 stranger editors, mostly members of
congress went with him and did not return until after
twelve, when as all the company were gone, to beguile
the time I was playing chess with Gouv'r Barbour. Thus
passed another most agreeable evening. We returned
home, all of us in fine spirits. If I could, I would have
gone on Wednesday to Mrs. Clay's drawing room, but
Mr. Smith had an engagement in the city and I gave it
up. However, we were as happy at home, sitting round
a cheerful fire and reading English history and sewing,
so much interested in the adventures of. Prince Charles,
that we could not close the book until past 11 o'clock.
Thus at home or abroad we are quite happy. We have
frequent and agreeable and long visits from College
friends and our winter evenings are as pleasant as sum-
mer days. On Christmas we were very happy, as well
as gay. Dear Mrs. Bomford and all her family came
early in the morning and staid until late at night. In the
evening about 20 young people joined us and musick and
dancing and games enabled our young folks to have a
merry christmas. . . .
TO MRS. BOYD
[Sidney,] Deer. 21st 1827.
. . . . Next week there is to be a Fair, for the
benefit of the Orphan Asylum. Every female in the
City, I believe, from the highest to the lowest has been
at work for it. Mrs. Van Ness spares neither time or
2io WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
expense and Mrs. Lovel for three weeks has been work-
ing night and day and enlisted her husband and sisters
who have painted &c, &c, besides begging for scraps
and pieces of all kinds to dress dolls and make pin-
cushions. From knit-stocking, clergyman's bands, to
hats, caps, tables, and dresses the ingenuity of our ladies
has been employed. Carrusi, the Italian musick master
whom you saw here has lent his large elegant assembly
room. Col. Henderson, (of the Marine Corps) lends the
whole band of musick and his men are to decorate the
room with greens and flowers. The Speaker of the
House1 has promised to patronize it. There are to be 30
tables arranged in a semi-circle at each of which is to pre-
side one married and 2 young ladies, wearing some badge
to distinguish them. I took little interest because I had
heard little of it, until last week when I went into the city
to pay some visits. I found the zeal which prevailed
there quite contageous and my enthusiasm was immedi-
ately excited. Having nothing to give that was of any
worth that depended on the expenditure of money, it all
at once occurred to me, one of my MS might be turned
to account.2 I went in search of Mrs. Bomford, who was
in the city, met her, got into her carriage, communicated
to her my design, in case she approved it. She was
absolutely delighted, thought it would give great eclat
to the Fair, to have a new novel to sell. As I did not
visit Mrs. V. Ness, yet thought it right that the offer
should be made to her, as Chief Directress, Mrs. B. vol-
unteered to go to her and to stay in the city and go
with me to dine at Mrs. Thornton's. We called at the
War Department to let Col. B. know, and then as I did
not wish to go to Mrs. Vs. she proposed getting out at
1 Andrew Stevenson, of Virginia.
2 " What is Gentility or, The Brothers," was published for the fair.
i8a7] PREPARATIONS FOR THE FAIR 211
the gate and leaving me in the carriage. While she was
in the house, Genl. Van Ness came up and discovered me,
an awkward circumstance. Mrs. Van N. was equally
delighted with the project and said nothing could have
come more apropos, as that very moment she was writing
to Mr. Pishey Thompson, to request his aid in making up
a literary table. She promised to call at Mrs. Thorn-
ton's after dinner to see me and arrange the affair. The
time was so short, that only three printers who printed
papers had hands and materials sufficient to do it. Mr.
Gales was applied to, but declined. Duff Green1 agreed
to do it but could not promise to have it done for the
Fair and his terms were very high. I left the business
entirely in Mrs. V.'s hands, and have not heard on what
she has decided. That evening, Friday, Ann and I re-
turned with Mrs. Bomford and staid all night. The
next morning she carried us to the city where we were
engaged to dine with Mrs. Southard.2 Ann and I passed
a quiet, comfortable morning with Mrs. Clay, who is not
well and talks of returning home, in a year's time as a
thing, now certain and on her own account is pleased, v
At three we went into Mrs. S.'s who for the last year has
been kindness and sociability personified. Before we
rose from the table, Mrs. Clay came in and looking at new
caps and gowns and other articles of dress amused us
until tea time when Mrs. and Miss Cutts joined us and
soon after Col. and Mrs. Bomford who came to take
us home with them. Mrs. Clay made us promise to go
to church and spend the next day with her. This we did,
1 At the time he was editing the opposition newspaper.
2 Samuel Southard, of New Jersey, was Secretary of the Navy from 1823
to 1829. His family and the Smiths were on terms of intimacy for many
years. It was Mrs. Smith's brother-in-law, Chief Justice Kirkpatrick, who
twitted Mr. Southard with his ignorance of naval affairs when he was first
appointed Secretary by asking him if he could honestly assert he knew the
bow from the stern of a frigate.
2i2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
and a most agreeable day we passed. Two or three gen-
tlemen were there and Mr. Clay was more cheerful,
frank and agreeable than I have seen him for six months,
whether this proceeded from any new views or hopes, or
a relief from suspense and uncertainty, I cannot tell.
TO MISS SUSAN H. SMITH
[Sidney,] Tuesday, Febr. 1828.
. . . . Have you read, or heard read the debates
in Congress, — those I mean on Retrenchment, — they
were very inflamatory and I think disgraceful to both
parties.1 I should like to hear Mr. Kirkpatrick's re-
marks on them, yet, notwithstanding, I could not ap-
prove, I certainly was entertained. Anna Maria read
several long speeches aloud; particularly Mr. Everett's
and Mr. Hamiltons. On opposite sides and both marked
by superior talents. Randolph too has been very amus-
ing, but old Kremer exceeded every thing, his cackling
hen will never be forgotten. But it is a sad thing to see
Congress giving way to such merely personal interests,
when it is the nation they should think of and feel for.
Poor Mr. Clay, the Telegraph gives him no rest. It
has got up the story of Col. Morrison's legacy to the
College in a new and more aggravated manner ; I think
he must now come out and defend himself. We have
not seen Mrs. Clay since Mrs. Southard's party three
weeks ago. The weather and roads render intercourse
impossible. The weather now however is fine and if it
continues a week, the roads will be good, yet even then
I shall not expect to see our city friends and particularly
JThey were disgraceful. George Kremer, a Representative from Penn-
sylvania, a reckless demagogue and freak, was the father of the false cry
that Clay had sold his vote to Adams for the Secretaryship of State.
i828] MADAME PICHON'S LETTER 213
Mrs. C. who is overwhelmed with company, besides a
very large dining company every week and a drawing
room every other week. She says when Mr. C. dines at
home, he never dines alone but always has a social com-
pany in a family dinner, which however is really the
trouble of a large one. She is obliged to go to other
peoples parties, sick or well, for fear of giving offence, a
thing more carefully avoided now than ever. . . .
FROM MADAME PICHON1
Paris, rue Blanche, April 12, 1828.
Dear and True Friend :
I am finally about to write to you after a long silence,
and in order to be able to tell you more I write in French,
as it goes faster. I have but one hour to write this let-
ter and wish to employ it well. It will be deliver'd to
you by a young man whom I recommend to you. He
will reside in New York in a commercial house. He
leaves a father and mother and sisters who love him. I
have learned by experience that nothing can mitigate the
grief felt at such a separation except the hospitality
which I received in your good and admirable country.
However, in order to find this hospitality it is necessary
to show that one deserves it. Mr. Hervey belongs to a
respectable family. He is very genteel and well bred.
His father loves science and is a good patriot, which are
good recommendations in your country. Treat him, you
and Mr. Smith, as you did us. This is the most fortu-
nate thing I can wish for him. Introduce him to all our
common acquaintances, and if he sends you this letter
before going to Washington, please give him some let-
1 Translation from the French.
214 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Apr.
ters for your friends in New York and Wilmington. I
wish for his sake that Miss Bayard were there.
So many misfortunes may happen in one year that I do
not dare speak to you about any one in America, but will
talk to you concerning ourselves first. I will say that if
I have not written to you it was not because I had for-
gotten either you or yours, as you have done with me,
for I received from Mr. Warden (who gave it to me)
a work written by you, which I read with keen interest
and which adorns my library to the great satisfaction of
my personal pride, which is flattered by the talent of my
friends. I have a daughter 21 years old, Henrietta by
name, about whom I have already spoken to you, who,
like myself, appreciates merit above all else. In con-
sequence of this she was married a year ago. She re-
fused what the world calls excellent matches in order
to marry a very amiable young savant, who is an eloquent
and most distinguished professor of physics, well edu-
cated in literature and political economy, a good son and
good brother, witty and gentle (two qualities hard to find
together), and whom we have known for over 6 years.
He kept my head turning for two years. I was thor-
oughly tormented, dear friend, and I thank God for not
having more than one daughter for I should lose my
head if I had the anxieties to go through for another
which I experienced for this one. You know how eco-
nomical and industrious Pichon and I are, and that he
understands business and attends to his own. In the
positions he has filled we have made some savings which
he invested well in property which has doubled in value.
He has unraveled the affairs of my parents and thanks
to his efforts my mother now enjoys a nice little fortune.
We operated a farm for five years. It was a poor one
but we have improved it and sold it at a good profit.
i828] HENRIETTA PICHON'S MARRIAGE 215
We have bought the house we live in, have enlarged
it, and instead of 3,000 francs income which the farm
yielded in good years we now have 8,000. This enabled
us to give Henrietta a snug little dowry, which, in our
opinion, warranted our consenting to her marriage with
a man of merit, pursuing an honorable career, and whom
she loved, even though he had no fortune of his own.
One of our friends who had acted as father to Mr. Pouil-
let (now my son-in-law) ever since he arrived in Paris,
at the age of 17 years, ought to have known us well
enough to suppose that our least objection was the lack
of a fortune (for with talent and good morals one can
always be acquired). Mr. Pouillet ought to have sup-'
posed that I thought too much of my daughter to receive
a young man who was amiable, well formed, and with
interesting features, as I received him, if my husband
would not accept him as a son-in-law, provided he be-
came attached to Henrietta. This was simply good
sense. We did all we could to cause our friend to guess
what we thought, but nevertheless they understood the
contrary, and when the position of Mr. Pouillet, ap-
pointed professor at the faculty of sciences, became im-
proved and enabled him to marry, and when Henrietta
had reached 19 and I thought he would ask me for her,
she fell seriously ill and was between life and death for
7 days. Pouillet ceased to come and my poor daughter,
who has an elevated soul, persuaded herself that she
hated him. This hatred made me shudder and I inter-
preted it as another sentiment. It took her two whole
months to recover. Her character had changed. She
was on the point of marrying a stupid fellow, convinced
that she would not suit a man of merit — she whose care-
ful mental education and imagination are so well fitted
to render happy the man who is capable of appreciating
216 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Apr.
it. Pouillet was also on the verge of forming a ridicu-
lous union, in order to forget Henrietta. All this lasted
10 months. You who are a mother may judge of my
torments. I could no longer sleep and shed many a bitter
tear. My husband was in despair and blamed me for
everything. If I had occasion to go out I went on foot,
however tired I was, in order to meet Pouillet, convinced
as I was that there was some misunderstanding which
one word would clear up. However, a mother can not
speak in such a case.1 Finally, when about to marry,
Pouillet felt that the sacrifice would be too great and
found a pretext to break the engagement. I had used all
my skill in breaking that of Henrietta and in estranging
forever the poor young man who could never suit her, for
an intellectual woman married to a fool is to me a mon-
strosity. Breaking off the engagements was not all.
How were they to see each other again? My elder son
met his dear professor of physics, who was enraptured
to see him again, as you may suppose. Theodore went
home with him and then Pouillet came again. Dear
friend, a mother feels for her daughter. When I saw
him I was overcome and felt that the fate of my poor
Henrietta, consequently more than mine, depended on
that visit. My husband, enraptured, kissed me and told
me to provide for everything, to agree to the marriage,
and to offer a dowry. In a word, after two months of
fears, of reticence, and new misunderstandings, Pouillet
came and asked me whether I thought that Pichon would
give his consent if he asked for Henrietta. I suppose
you think my troubles were o'er. Not at all. Henri-
etta, enchanted, did not wish to admit to her father or
brother that she had been mistaken and that she did not
hate her husband. Her father thought that he had
1 Besides, I did not meet him.
i828] MADAME PICHON'S SONS 217
been mistaken and that she did not love him any
more than the fool that she had come near marrying.
Theodore, being persuaded that his sister only married
Pouillet because it was my wish, grew desperate, al-
though he used to like him as a brother. Thus, dear
friend, this marriage took place in the midst of fears
and reproaches to me, and while parting with a charm-
ing daughter, my best friend, I had the sorrow of seeing
my husband and son reproach me with having sacrificed
her by making her marry a man she did not love, and
with having deprived them of her without having se-
cured her happiness. For a year, however, she has been
the most happy of women, and that consoles me. Pouil-
let's celebrity is increasing every day. His heart and his
personal pride are satisfied. Their pecuniary situation
is good. ... I assure you that I believe it is fortu-
nate for my sons to have a brother-in-law who shows
them that labor and talent are the surest roads to domestic
happiness and fortune. Theodore is a man of parts, but
lazy. He would have wished his sister to marry a man
he did not like as well as this one, but who would have
had sufficient influence to secure him a position so that
he would not have to learn any profession. He is study-
ing to be a lawyer and may become a distinguished one
by working. He will then have glory, independence, and
fortune. Jerome, the younger, is witty and full of ardor.
He is studying all he can in order to enter the polytechnic
school. I. hope he will not come out of it a soldier, in
spite of what he says about it, and that he will acquire a
taste for science and enter the department of mines or of
bridges and highways, for I do not like military men.
They would sell their country for a cordon. They do not
understand liberty and are veritable despots. My son-
in-law has a grand quality which I must not refrain from
218 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1828
mentioning to you : he admires your country and you in
particular. He read your ode five years ago and has been
scolding me ever since for not writing to you oftener, for
he is convinced (and rightly) that correspondence with
you must be a great pleasure. Oh, how you would like
my young married couple ! There is wit, patriotism, the
morals of the golden age, imagination, extensive know-
ledge, and Henrietta knows English and German well
and plays well on the piano. All this is happiness for
me, is it not ? And besides, they love me tenderly. My
mother, who is over 84 years old, has preserved all her
physical and moral faculties. She lives in our house.
Unfortunately my children are away from home, but as
I have excellent health I often go to them and they come
to see me as often as they can. We gain by seeing one
another as often as possible while we are able to live near
or with them. . . .
Good-bye, dear friend, and you and all who are dear
to you please accept the assurance of my affection and
that of Pichon, as well as his regards.
A. Emilie Pichon,
nee Brongniart.
Mr. Jefferson's death caused us much grief. Such
men are a loss to humanity and the glory of the human
race.
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH
Monday. [1828]
Yesterday, my dear Bayard, I passed some hours so
agreeably that I must give you some account of them.
1 Jonathan Bayard H. Smith, Mrs. Smith's only son, was born July 9,
1810, graduated at Princeton in 1829, taking second honors. He practiced
law in Washington till the civil war broke out, when, being a Southern
sympathizer, he went to Baltimore. He died in California, August 20, 1889.
i828] OWEN'S PHILOSOPHY 219
Mr. Owen of Lanark, passed the day here. Never
have I met with any one whose whole heart seemed so
full of benevolence, whose mind was so exclusively occu-
pied with schemes for the promotion of the happiness of
mankind, his time, his thoughts, his feelings, his for-
tune are all devoted to this all absorbing idea (for alas,
he is but a visionary) that thus fills his mind, heart and
time, with a confidence so sanguine as to banish every
doubt of its possibility. In his ideal system of perfect
virtue, and consequently perfect happiness, he loses sight
of the inherent principles of human nature, and builds his
scheme of happiness on an angelic nature. Or rather,
he denies that there are any inherent principles of action
in man, and asserts that he is the mere creature of cir-
cumstances. "Man," says he, "is the effect, not the
cause. It is not his natural virtue or his natural vice,
which makes his happiness or misery. It is the good or
the bad circumstances by which he is surrounded which
make him virtuous or vicious. Circumstances form his
nature." Here is his first error. To convince us, how-
ever, of the truth of his hypothesis, he gives as an ex-
ample : an infant born among Quakers and raised among
them to manhood, and asked if the same individual raised
from infancy to manhood among Jews or among savages,
would not in each state be a totally different character.
I allowed that he would be a different character, but not
a different being, viz. that his opinions as to government,
his faith as to religion, his mode of conduct, of living, of
dress, his pleasures and occupations, would all be modi-
fied by the condition in which he was brought up, and as
to external circumstances, each of these individuals would
be perfectly different one from the other, and yet, all
would be as man the same identical being, that the
Quaker, the Jew, or the savage, would love and hate,
220 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1828
be revengeful or merciful, proud or humble, ambitious or
lowly-minded, irrascible or gentle, — in fine, that under
all these modifications, he was still the same being. To
this Mr. Owen would not assent, but asserted that under
a certain modification of circumstances, he would be ex-
empt from hatred, revenge, malice, pride and anger, and
this belief in his mind amounts to absolute conviction,
the effort of his life had been and always will be, to bring
about such a combination of circumstances, as should
necessarily make man a perfectly virtuous and therefore
perfectly happy being. He asserted that he had made
a successful experiment at Lanark, where he had taken
children from two years of age to 12 ; among many hun-
dreds there was not an instance of jealousy, rivalship,
anger or hatred, in any degree; that to effect this, he
banished alike, hope or fear, and had neither rewards or
punishments, the actual pleasure of doing right was a
sufficient reward for success and a sufficient stimulus to
effort ; That those who witnessed the effects of his system
of education, said it was magical. "But, my dear Sir,"
said I, "did you ever see any of these little angels,
after they grew up to be men and women?" He ac-
knowledged he never had. "You knew them then only
while their wills were controlled and directed by your-
self, while in fact they were mere machines. I fear,
Sir, when their passions were developed and their wills
were allowed free action, you would find, after all, your
angels were but men and women, — even pigs are pretty
clean little animals, but when grown into hogs, are ugly,
dirty creatures." Mr. Owen laughed at my exemplifica-
tion, but denied my inference. Another of his funda-
mental principles is, man cannot believe or disbelieve at
will. Yet, in every state of society, viz. in all religions,
Brahmin, Mohamedan, Jewish or Christian, this moral
i828] OWEN'S SCHEMES 221
impossibility is required of him, and non-compliance pro-
duces an ideal criminality, which in all countries subjects
man, either to suffering or hypocracy and by separating
virtue from action, and by attaching it to Faith, it per-
verts the moral instinct, and subverts morality, and in
so doing lays a foundation for vice.
That belief does not depend on volition, is a fact I have
too forcibly learned from my own experience to deny,
and I therefore agreed with him in the deductions he
drew from this his 2d fundamental principle, but could
not carry them out as far as he did, which was to believe
nothing, as it respected religion.
His scheme is to equalize property, or throw it into a
common stock, so that no one will be very rich, and none
poor. In order to accomplish this he would have society
divided into communities, — no community to exceed
2000 individuals, nor be less than 800. This community,
instead of living in towns or cities, should form a kind
of village, extending over ten miles square, — each com-
munity should have within itself schools, manufactures,
agricultural grounds, &c sufficient for the abundant sup-
ply of every comfort, nay every luxury of life, and I
suppose ten miles square in the fullest cultivation, would
do this. The perfection to which machinery is brought,
lessens manual labour in such a great proportion, that
instead of labouring 12 and 14 hours a day, as mechanics
are now obliged to do, in order to gain a competence, it
would not be necessary for them to labour six or eight
hours and would thus leave them a great portion of their
time for intellectual and moral improvement and like-
wise for amusement, which he thinks absolutely necessary
for the perfection of morals, so much so that dancing,
musick and other pleasures, are at Lanark and other
places where he has tried his experiment as much a part
222 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1828
of his system as the arts, sciences and mechanics. He
would allow of no system of religion being taught, but
would leave all men absolutely free to believe or disbelieve
whatever they chose. Marriage is to be released from its
present fetters and when a couple grew weary of each
other, they would be allowed to separate and form new
connections, and as his system is totally to exterpate
every evil passion and there would be neither hatred,
rivalship, jealousy, anger, or animosity of any kind, he
thinks these separations would not frequently occur.
Such are the outlines of his scheme for universal virtue
and happiness and uninterrupted peace, — a scheme in
which he has undoubtedly faith and which he not only be-
lieves may be, but will be realized. All the world divided
into small communities! The whole race of man to be
perfectly virtuous and perfectly happy! I told him it
would be nothing more than the Christian milenium, and
I believed such a time would arrive as well as he did, but
then I expected it would be brought about by very dif-
ferent means. He is extremely mild and instead of being
offended by opposition or difference of opinion he is
pleased with free discussion and even bears being laughed
at, with great good nature. However eroneous and per-
nicious his opinions may be, he,, himself, I think a truly
benevolent and good man. This bright vision fills his
mind, to the exclusion of common sense and universal
experience, — he is an amiable mad-man. Yet such is his
influence, that he has obtained from the Mexican Gov-
ernment (from whence he has just returned) the grant
of a province of very rich, beautiful and nearly uninhab-
ited land, (part of Texas) where he means to establish
his system, which is to serve as a model, for the rest of
the world, and he calls it his model-government. His
whole soul is filled with this scheme. It was really very
i828] VISIT TO CHARLOTTESVILLE 223
interesting to hear him and I hope this letter will be
interesting to you.
TO MRS. BOYD
Charlott's Ville, Saturday evening August 2d, 1828.
. . . . We are at a spacious and elegant hotel,
have a drawing-room on the second floor, with our bed-
room opening from it and Mr. Smith's adjoining ours,
for Anna lodges with me, the bed-rooms open on a piazza
from which we see mountains rising all round us. The
nearest is Monticello on the north-west, over there in the
south-west rise the Alleghany, or Blue-ridge, reposing
in their blue and misty grandeur on the horizon and look-
ing like vast masses of clouds. From our drawing room
windows, a beautiful country beyond the Court-House
and some of the private dwellings of Charlottsville, with
mountains in the distance. Dear Monticello! my chief
inducement to take this long journey, was once more to
visit its revered shades and to weep over the grave of one
of the best and greatest of men and of a friend loved and
venerated. Mr. Smith had business here. Mr. Mon-
roe's vast landed estate in this neighborhood being made
over to the Bank of the U. S. in payment of his debt to
that institution, Mr. Biddle expressed a wish to Mr.
Smith, that if such a journey should be agreeable to him,
he should come in and superintend the sale, which is to
take place on Monday. The Court is then to meet, and
it is expected hundreds of people will then be here, as
politics, law, justice and business of all kind are tran-
sacted at Virginia Courts. As I had not been very well,
he thought a journey and mountain air might be of use
to me. As Anna had never been from home, excepting
to Heywood, I chose her as my companion and fille de
224 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
chambre and nurse, should any of my attacks of fever,
render one necessary. To make the journey easy, we
came in our own carriage and to vary the scene and
avoid some very bad roads, we came as far as Fredericks-
burg in the steam-boat, having the carriage on board.
This place is 70 miles from Fredericksburg and by rising
with the sun, we have performed the journey with great
ease in two days, stopping to rest two hours at breakfast
and 2 at dinner. From the Potomack, to this elevated
spot, there is a continued rise, hill after hill. I do not
believe in the whole distance we ever found 2 miles of
level at a time — generally it was up one hill, down and
up another. Some of them tremendously precipitous to
such a rare traveller and great coward as myself. Yes-
terday we passed by a turnpike, one end of a mountain,
the assent was almost too much for my courage. Today
I suffered but little from fear and when we past the ridge,
it was through a gap along the banks of the Ravenna, a
mountain river, rocky and enclosed in overhanging and
picturesque banks. It was a kind of defile through which
the road wound, high hills on each side, the sun hot and
scarcely a breath of air. We suffered from the heat, but
it enhanced our enjoyment on reaching this height and
taking possession of our cool, airy apartment, together
with the luxury of a bath. I felt so well and so happy,
when after bathing and changing my dress, I seated my-
self at the pleasant window that as usual I longed to par-
ticipate with those I love, and as Anna wished to be the
writer home, I determined to avail myself of the pro-
pitious moment to write to you. Our supper table is set
and Mr. Smith waits for me, so good night. I will only
add, I had a short and pleasant interview with Jefferson
Randolph as he was passing through this place, with his
two daughters, the great grand children of Mr. Jefferson.
i828] UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA 225
Monday evening. Yesterday morning, we were in-
formed Mr. Mead,1 one of the best and most pious
preachers in the Episcopalean Church, was in Charlotts-
ville and would preach. We went to hear him and were
both edified and gratified. There was a very large and
respectable congregation. At least 20 private carriages
were at the door, as many of the gentry from the country
even from the other side of the mountain had assembled
to hear this popular preacher.
Mr. Hugh Nelson, late Minister to Spain, was one and
many other of the most respectable men of the place were
among the communicants. There were six tables. I
have never before since I left your part of the world seen
so many communicants. From this circumstance I
should suppose much greater attention was paid to re-
ligion, than I had been led to expect in Virginia. We
had an excellent sermon and the whole service was solemn
and affecting. In the afternoon, we went to the Uni-
versity. It is about 1 1-4 miles from town. Never have
I beheld a more imposing work of Art. On a command-
ing height, surrounded by mountains, rises the Rotunda,
or central building, forming one side of an oblong square,
on two other sides running from north to south are the
Pavillions, or Professor's houses, at about 60 or 70 feet
apart, connected by terraces, beneath which are the dor-
mitories, or lodging sleeping rooms of the students. The
terrace projects about 8 feet beyond the rooms and is sup-
ported on brick arches, forming beneath the arches a
paved walk, sheltered from the heat of summer and the
storms of winter. A vast wide lawn separates the two
rows of pavillions and dormitories. The south end is
at present open and standing there gives a noble and
1 This was the famous William Meade, afterwards Episcopal Bishop of
Virginia, the author of "Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia,"
the greatest storehouse of local Virginia history in existence.
226 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
magnificent view of the buildings. There are 12 Pa-
villions, each one exhibiting the different orders of archi-
tecture and built after classic models, generally Grecian.
The rotunda is in form and proportioned like the Pan-
theon at Rome. It has a noble portico, — the pillars,
cornice, &c of the Corinthian. We went to the house
of Professor Lomax, who is a near relation of William
Washington, and were most kindly and hospitably re-
ceived. He has a very large family, wife and daughters
friendly and agreeable. We sat in the Portico of his
Pavillion and feasted our eyes on the beauties of the sur-
rounding scenery, then walked through the buildings,
visited the Rotunda and the library, a magnificent apart-
ment, larger and more beautiful than the library in the
Capitol, but I cannot go into details. The whole im-
pression on my mind was delightful, elevating, for the
objects both of nature and art by which I was sur-
rounded, are equally sublime and beautiful. We re-
turned to our Hotel by sunset and soon after Mr. Nelson
and one or two other gentlemen and a lady whom we
knew called and passed the evening with us. We prom-
ised this amiable family to return and take a more minute
survey this morning. They asked us to dine, but Mr.
Smith's business did not permit our accepting the invita-
tion. We promised to be there by 9 o'clock, but before
that hour young Mr. Lomax was here to accompany us.
He returned with us and has just gone, not having left
Anna Maria's side ten minutes at a time. I have been
joking her on her attractions. • The whole family re-
ceived us like old friends and near relations. Professor
Lomax is a charming man, in every respect, looks, voice,
manners, so like Mr. Wirt that he might be mistaken
for him. He and I sat in the Library looking over books
and conversing on literary subjects for more than two
i828] VISIT FROM MR. RIVES 227
hours, while the young people were roaming about and
climbing to the dome or roof of the Rotunda. I have
seldom passed two hours more agreeably. I felt sorry
Mr. Smith could not participate in my pleasure, but busi-
ness detained him in the Town. A violent shower pre-
vented our going up one of the adjoining mountains on
the top of which the observatory is built. Anna Maria
was positively enchanted and I could scarcely get her
away. When we returned to our Hotel we found the
space between it and the Court-House filled with hun-
dreds of people and amused ourselves the rest of the day
in watching the various and curious groups and hearing
the various cries, for the Court is likewise a kind of fair
and sales of various kinds going on, while that of Jus-
tice was going on within the Court House. In the after-
noon Professor Lomax, came to see us, soon afterwards
Mr. Rives,1 member of Congress and several other per-
sons called on us and agreeable conversation passed away
the time. Mr. Rives insisted on our calling at his house
and we have promised to pass tomorrow night. We
shall go in the morning to Monticello, and from there in
the afternoon to Mr. Rives', which is 14 miles further on
and the next day to Mr. Madison's.
Thus far, my excursion has been far pleasanter than
I expected. I have seen more persons and the scenery
has been more beautiful than I anticipated. This hasty
sketch will give you a very imperfect idea of the pleasure
I have enjoyed. An hour ago, we had one, which it
would require a whole sheet to describe. We heard a
pleasing voice, delivering what we thought an animated
oration on the pavement before the house. On looking
out of the window we discovered it to be Phillip Bar-
1 William Cabell Rives, of Castle Hill, statesman, diplomatist and author
of a mighty fragment in three large volumes, of a " Life of James Madison,"
covering only part of his career.
228 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
bour,1 the member of Congress. He was sitting on the
pavement surrounded by a dozen or twenty gentlemen
and more, whom he was entertaining with a history of
events, debates and scenes which took place in Congress-
Hall. Roars of laughter followed some of his stories
and attention waited on all. I mean to commit one or
two of his anecdotes to paper. They were original and
piquant.
It is now late, and I conclude my letter with my visit
to Charlottsville and shall when I return home, write to
you again and give you an account of the rest of my ad-
ventures. Last summer you and sister sent me sketches
of your excursions and I now unexpectedly have an op-
portunity of returning the compliment. But good night
my dear sisters.
TO MRS. BOYD
Sidney, Aug. 12, 1828.
. . . . Before this I presume you have received
my hastily scribbled letter from Charlottsville. I am al-
most sorry that I wrote so carelessly under the excitement
of feeling, my little journal would have been better had
it been quietly and more carefully written at home. It
proved at least that the idea of my dear sisters is ever
present and enhances what pleasures fall to my lot. I
entirely forget where I left off, but if not mistaken it
was after I had been at the University of Virginia, one
of the finest specimens of art and the most magnificent
institutions I have ever seen. It has a most imposing
effect. In a city, or land cultivated country it would not
be so impressive. But on a landscape so rich, varied and
1 Philip Pendleton Barbour, brother of James Barbour, Mrs. Smith's
friend. He was afterwards Judge of the Supreme Court. He lived at
" Frascati," about fifteen miles from Charlottesville.
i8*8] DISCIPLINE AT THE UNIVERSITY 229
beautiful, so remote from any city, there was something
novel as well as grand in its locality, that certainly had a
strong effect on the imagination. Were I a young man
and a student there, methinks the place alone would
purify and elevate my mind. The discipline of the Insti-
tution has been greatly improved, and Mr. Madison,
who is no visionary or enthusiast, says he does not be-
lieve more orderly habits or purer morals are to be
found in any other college in the U. S. Some years
ago, when some riot broke out among the students,
originating in a mere frolic, in which the faculty inter-
fered and were resisted, they had to call together the
Rector, (then Mr. J.) and some of the nearest visitors
or Trustees. The students previous to their arrival had
determined not to yield, or give up each others names,
but if it became the alternative, to submit to expul-
sion in a body. Mr. Jefferson and several of the vis-
itors assembled. The students called before them, stood
erect, and looked defiance. There was a silence and
pause of expectation, waiting Mr. J.'s rising. He sat
amidst them with his bent form and grey hairs, like a
Father amidst his children. He looked upon them with
the tenderness of a father and it required an evident
struggle to repress his emotions. At last he arose, his
lips moved, he essayed to speak, — burst into tears and
sank back into his seat. The shock was electric. The
proud spirit of youth yielded to the tenderness of youth
and one and all submitted, acknowledged their faults,
and without the least equivocation answered all the in-
ter rogotories put to them. To be sure Chapman John-
son, finding Mr. J. could not speak, arose and addressed
them, but as one of the young men told me, it was not
his words, but Mr. Jefferson's tears that melted their
stubborn purpose. If I recollect aright, 20 or more were
23o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
expelled, the discipline, reformed, since which time no
disorder, no rebellion of any kind has occurred. The
Episcopalian and Presbyterian Ministers alternately
preach at the University on Sabbath afternoons, and the
students are allowed to attend in the mornings any of the
churches in town their conscience or inclination lead
them to. After passing 21-2 pleasant days at Char-
lottsville we set off on Tuesday for Monticello. I can-
not stop to describe the windings of the road among the
mountain scenery. Near the summit, a little off the
road, we got out of the carriage to visit the grave of
Jefferson. A rude stone wall encloses a small square,
left in a state of nature, full of forest trees and rocks
and wild plants, amidst which is Mr. J.'s grave between
that of his wife and daughter. ' Were I to describe all
the feelings which swelled my bosom while standing by
the side of that lonely and lowly grave in the solitude
of the mountains, or the reflections on human life and
human greatness, which rushed on my mind, I should
leave no space to say anything of the interesting family
this great man has left behind him — left poor and af-
flicted. I will, then, restrain my pen and carry you with
me to the summit of the mountain, on which his now
desolate mansion stands. How different did it seem
from what it did 18 years ago! No kind friend with
his gracious countenance stood in the Portico to welcome
us, no train of domestics hastened with smiling alacrity
to show us forward. All was silent. Ruin has already
commenced its ravages — the inclosures, the terraces, the
outer houses. But we drove to the door, ascended the
steps, knocked, and after a while a little negro girl poorly
dressed open'd those once wide portals. We entered the
hall once filled with busts and statues and natural curi-
osities to crowding, now empty! Bare walls and de-
i828] MONTICELLO REVISITED 231
faced floor, from thence into the drawing room, once so
gay and splendid, where walls were literally covered with
pictures like the Hall, — bare and comfortless. The fur-
niture pictures, statues, servants, all gone, sold, yes sold !
not descended to the survivors. But Mrs. Randolph
came, came with open arms and an affectionate counte-
nance and seemed like the spirit of the place, that had
survived its body. Yet no, the Master spirit, the ani-
mating spirit was gone. And yet it was not gone, but
seemed to be invisibly hovering near. Yes, I felt, tho' I
could not see its presence. After a few moments emotion,
conversation took place. Mrs. R. called her children,
now women and her grand children, the size and age of
what the others had been when I last saw them. Scarcely
chairs to sit on ! "You will excuse all that is wanting,"
said she. "You know all that has passed." What a
sweetness, dignity, resignation, — nay cheerfulness. And
such a reserve ! But her soul is superior to the accidents
and incidents of fortune. It is only where these changes
touch her heart, she feels their pressure. The family
dependent on her, consists of 4 daughters, all women, 4
sons, the youngest 12 yrs old, '4 grand-children, the hus-
band of he*r eldest daughter Mr. Trist, and old Mrs.
Trist his grand mother, in her dotage, with no home but
what Mrs. R. can give her. Mr. Triste1 is very young
and not yet in business. Her youngest son she has left
at Cambridge. Her eldest is married; has 7 daughters,
and lives on his father's farm which he has purchased.
Mrs. R. and I rambled alone to a distant part of the
grounds. How affecting was her conversation! the de-
tails of the last few years. "Oh, Mrs. Smith," said she,
speaking of her eldest son, "Jefferson is my treasure!
1 Nicholas P. Trist, afterwards Assistant Secretary of State and a dis-
tinguished diplomatist.
232 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
Never was there such a son, he is my support, — nay he
is the father of us all, he was the joy and support of his
grand father's declining years and the comforter and
consolation of his father's dying hour!" He does in-
deed appear to be a most exemplary man and is very
interesting in his looks. I enquired into her future plans,,
they were not yet fixed. In a few weeks she must leave
this dear and sacred spot for in a few weeks Monticello
must be sold. She still vacillates between Philadelphia
and Washington as her future place of residence. She
will chose that which she thinks will be most advan-
tageous to her children. Mr. Trist has studied law and
intends practicing it. One of her boys is on a farm
with his eldest brother. Should she come to Washing-
ton, what a precious and interesting addition will she
and her family be to our little circle of friends. It will
be an important event to me. Next to my sisters, I know
not the woman I could so entirely esteem or so tenderly
love. She unites a strong and highly cultivated intellect,
with a soft, tender heart and a frank, communicative
disposition. Oh, I earnestly hope she may determine
on Washington!
TO MRS. BOYD
[Sidney,] Monday, 17th August.
Several days have elapsed, since I began this letter.
A little fatigue and over excitement brought on an attack
of fever. I am now quite well and resume my journal.
With a new sheet I will commence a new subject, one
the reverse of the one I wrote of on the last page.
We left Monticello. We walked from the very top to
the bottom of the mountain, between 2 and 3 miles.
i828] VISIT TO MONTPELIER 233
The road was so rugged and broken, that the carriage
passed it with difficulty. We travelled about thirty
miles, generally through woods and up and down steep
hills. Mr. Smith told us very seriously, that he begged
we would not be prevailed on to stay beyond a few hours
at Mr. Madison's, as his business required his immediate
return. Anna and I felt very sorry, but of course deter-
mined to be governed by his wishes, — however we did not
the less heartily wish that rain or some other incident
might occur to detain us at Montpelier. After break-
fast, the next morning, we resumed our journey and
after having lost ourselves in the mountain road which
leads thro' a wild woody track of ground and wandering
for some time in Mr. Madison's domain, which seemed
to us interminable, we at last reached his hospitable man-
sion. We had scarcely entered on his estate, before our
wishes were granted and it began to rain, at which Anna
and I rejoiced, and I do not believe Mr. S. was sorry.
We drove to the door. Mr. M. met us in the Portico
and gave us a cordial welcome. In the Hall Mrs. Madi-
son received me with open arms and that overflowing
kindness and affection which seems a part of her nature.
We were at first conducted into the Drawing room, which
opens on the back Portico and thus commands a view
through the whole house, which is surrounded with an
extensive lawn, as green as in spring; the lawn is en-
closed with fine trees, chiefly forest, but interspersed
with weeping willows and other ornamental trees, all of
most luxuriant growth and vivid verdure. It was a
beautiful scene! The drawing-room walls are covered
with pictures, some very fine, from the ancient masters,
but most of them portraits of our most distinguished
men, six or eight by Stewart. The mantlepiece, tables
in each corner and in fact wherever one could be fixed,
234 WASHINGTON SOCIETY Aug.]
were rilled with busts, and groups of figures in plaster,
so that this apartment had more the appearance of a
museum of the arts than of a drawing room. It was
a charming room, giving activity to the mind, by the
historic and classic ideas that it awakened.
After the first salutations were passed, Mrs. M. in-
vited us to a chamber, where we might make ourselves
comfortable, as she said. She led the way to an elegant
little chamber, on the same floor and adjoining her own,
furnished with crimson damask and looking out on the
beautiful lawn. She sent a maid to attend us and said
she would return by the time we had exchanged our
damp clothes. This we soon did and she then carried
us in to her own chamber. It was very large and com-
modious and furnished with every convenience and much
elegance. Before a large sopha, lay her work. Couches,
easy-chairs &c invited us to ease and comfortable indul-
gence. I told her I had no notion of playing lady visitor
all day and sitting prim in the drawing room with our
hands before us and if she would resume her seat and
her work, we would sit with her and work too. It was
so agreed. She drew Anna on the sopha beside her and
gave her half a dozen pretty books to look over, while
drawing a french arm chair, or fauteuil (what charming
things they are !) close by her, I reclined at my ease, while
we talked, — and oh how we did talk. We went over the
last 20 years and talked of scenes long past and of per-
sons far away or dead. These reminisences were delight-
ful. She certainly has always been, and still is one of
the happiest of human beings. Like myself, she seems
to have no place about her which could afford a lodge-
ment for care or trouble. Time seems to favour her as
much as fortune. She looks young and she says she
feels so. I can believe her, nor do I think she will ever
James Madison.
From a picture by Gilbert Stuart in the possession of
T. Jefferson Coolidge.
i828] MADISON'S CONVERSATION 235
look or feel like an old woman. They are seldom alone,
but have a succession of visitors, among whom are a
great many foreigners. Few visit our country without
visiting Monticello and Montpelier. She gave me an
entertaining account of the visit of the three members of
parliament, who passed several days with them. I could
scarcely credit my senses, when dinner was announced
and I found it to be four oclock! So rapidly had the
morning passed away. We did not rise from table until
six oclock. Mr. Madison was chief speaker, and his
conversation was a stream of history, and continued so
until ten oclock, when we separated for the night, so
rich in sentiments and facts, so enlivened by anecdotes
and epigramatic remarks, so frank and confidential as
to opinions on men and measures, that it had an interest
and charm, which the conversation of few men now liv-
ing, could have. He spoke of scenes in which he him-
self had acted a conspicuous part and of great men, who
had been actors in the same theatre. No common-places.
Every sentence he spoke, was worthy of being written
down. The formation and adoption of the Constitution.
The Convention and first congress, the characters of
their members and the secret debates. Franklin, Wash-
ington, Hamilton, John Adams, Jefferson, Jay, Patrick
Henry and a host of other great men were spoken of
and characteristic anecdotes of all related. It was living
History! When I retired for the night, I felt as if my
mind was full to over-flowing, as if it could not contain
all the new ideas it had received, as if I had feasted to
satiety. And this entertaining, interesting and commu-
nicative personage, had a single stranger or indifferent
person been present, would have been mute, cold and
repulsive. After dinner, we all walked in the Portico,
(or piazza, which is 60 feet long, supported on six lofty
236 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
pillars)1 until twilight, then retreated to the drawing
room, where we sat in a little group close together and
took our coffee while we talked. Some of Mr. M.'s
anecdotes were very droll, and we often laughed very
heartily. I wish my letter was large enough to contain
a few of them, which I am sure would make you laugh
too. He retains all the sportiveness of his character,
which he used to reveal now and then to those whom
he knew intimately, and Mrs. M. says he is as fond
of a frolic and of romping with the girls as ever. His
little blue eyes sparkled like stars from under his bushy
grey eye-brows and amidst the deep wrinkles of his poor
thin face. Nor have they lost their look of mischief,
that used to lurk in their corners, and which vanished and
gave place to an expression ever solemn, when the con-
versation took a serious turn.
In the course of the evening, at my request Mrs. M.
took me to see old Mrs. Madison.2 She lacks but 3
years of being a hundred years old. When I enquired
of her how she was, "I have been a blest woman," she
replied, "blest all my life, and blest in this my old age.
I have no sickness, no pain; excepting my hearing, my
senses are but little impaired. I pass my time in reading
and knitting." Something being said of the infirmities
of old age. "You," said she, looking at Mrs. M., "you
are my mother now, and take care of me in my old age."
I felt much affected by the sight of this venerable woman.
Her face is not as much wrinkled as her son's who is only
yy years old. Mr. and Mrs. Madison urged our passing
^he original house at Montpelier was built between 1756 and 1760 by
Madison's father and was a plain, rectangular brick edifice of four rooms.
It was enlarged at different times and various improvements made, the most
important being in 1809 by Dr. Thornton. Latrobe also lent assistance
in adding the wings. The house was one of flawless taste architecturally
when Mrs. Smith paid her visit.
2 She lived in a wing of the Montpelier house where she had a separate
establishment from her son. She died in 1829, aged 99 years.
i8*8] MRS. MADISON'S AFFABILITY 237
several days with them, and on our declining told us we
must come soon again and stay longer. Anna Maria
was highly gratified and delighted and says if she lives
to be as old as the venerable mother, she will never lose
the impression this visit has made on her mind. She
listened to the conversation with the greatest interest and
was charmed with Mrs. M.'s affable affectionate manner.
Mrs. M. called her nothing but "my little girl" and talked
a good deal to her. One time on the portico, she took
Anna by the hand, saying, "come, let us run a race. I
do not believe you can out run me. Madison and I often
run races here, when the weather does not allow us to
walk." And she really did run very briskly, — it was
more than I could do, had I attempted it, which I did not,
however, as I preferred listening to the gentlemen's con-
versation. We parted with them the next morning after
lingering until a late hour over the breakfast-table. The
rest of our journey, 50 miles by land and 70 by water,
was quiet, commonplace, every day pleasure, which it is
not worth detailing. We reached home on Saturday
after 10 days absence. Eleven days of agreeable travel-
ling, during which we had seen three grand and interest-
ing objects, the University, Monticello and Montpelier.
Anna says it will be an epoch in her life, to which she
shall always recur with the most pleasurable feelings.
I paid the penalty I always pay, for a deeply excited in-
terest or very lively emotion, — a fever. It confined me
three days to my bed, but when the pain was subdued,
I found pleasure in my confinement to a bed surrounded
by my dear attentive children. . . . Farewell.
238 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, Nov. ai, 1828.
.... Two weeks have passed since we located
ourselves in our new habitation.1 Never in my life have
I been so comfortably and agreeably fixed. My wishes
are completely satisfied. Our house, a delightful one, in
the best part of the city, surrounded with good neigh-
bors, good churches and good pavements which enable
us to visit both neighbors and churches in all weather.
You will recollect the situation of the Department of
State &c — it is opposite to this. A broad pavement leads
one way to Capitol Hill and another to George-Town,
besides cross paved ways in every direction. We could
keep up a very social intercourse now, without a carriage,
but this, tho' not a necessity is a very agreeable con-
venience and will add greatly to our pleasure. Mrs.
Clay, Mrs. Southard, Mrs. Lovel, Mrs. Cutts, Mrs.
Newal, Mrs. Cashier Smith, (cashier for Bank) Mrs.
Barret, Mrs. Lawyer Jones, Mrs. Genl. McComb, Mrs.
Johnson, Mrs. Andrew Smith, (formerly Miss Graham)
Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Wirt, Mrs. Thornton, are our neigh-
bors, viz is within two squares; the most distant is not
more, and many are on the same square and some within
a few doors. Excepting Mrs. Barret, (who we are told
is a charming woman and our nearest neighbor) all are
old and familiar acquaintances some of them my most
intimate. Mrs. Genl. Porter, Mrs. Seaton, Miss Vale
and several other old and agreeable acquaintances tho'
farther off, are still within walking distance. These I
have named and twenty others have already been to see
xThe new house occupied the square between Pennsylvania Avenue,
15th Street and H Street, and faced on 15th Street, opposite what is now
the Barton Hotel.
i8»s] NEIGHBORS AND VISITORS 239
us. Some of them have been three or four times, setting
an example of the sociability to which they invite us.
Having so totally given up society, I had no idea that
the persons whom I had for so many years declined visit-
ing would have come to see us, and expected to have had
(what I really wish for) a very small circle, at the largest
not exceeding a dozen families. But this part of my plan
I must relinquish, unless I wish to give offence. At least
30 families have already visited us and I am over head
and ears in debt. Yet I hope to limit habits of intimacy
and not allow my time to be wholly taken up by society.
If it depends on me, a very few, very few, will be on
the list of intimates, but among them shall be sweet Mrs.
Wirt and her lovely daughters. Instead of a formal
morning call, she and the girls came in the afternoon and
urged us to follow their example. Mrs. W. and her two
eldest daughters, Elizabeth and Catherine, last winter
joined the church, and tho' they participate in the general
amusements of society it is with that moderation, which
fulfils the precept of St. Paul, to use the world, but not
abuse it. She is however a domestic woman, visiting
as little as her situation will allow. The whole family
are refined and intellectual and derive their chief amuse-
ments from books, music and conversation. Catherine
is in such delicate health, that she is never to go out of
an evening. She is one of the loveliest and most interest-
ing creatures I have ever met with, and so tender, so
carressing, so delicate and soft in her manners. But
more of her another time. Mr. Wirt has taken two pews
in the church in which we have taken ours and for the
same reason, Mr. Campbel's being the pastor.1 It was
under his ministry that the girls made an open profession
1 John Nicholas Campbell, pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian
Church.
24o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
of religion. He had a bible class they diligently at-
tended. He is a great favorite and friend of the family
and this summer has been traveling with Mr. Wirt and
his daughters. I am not personally acquainted with him,
but am prepared to admire and reverence him, altho' a
very young man. As Mrs. W.'s is the family I feel
more desirous of intimacy with, both on my own and my
girls account, I have said more of them than any other
and hope during the winter to have much more to say.
Since my arrival in the city, most fervently have I
wished Mr. Adams would remain in office. The prompt
kindness and friendly attentions showed us by many of
those whose continuance depends on Mr. Adams induces
this wish. But the question is otherwise decided and
notwithstanding Mr. Smith's political satisfaction I feel
great personal regret. I shall lose not only agreeable
acquaintance but a tried friend, for such has Mrs. Clay
been, and of late Mrs. Southard and the Judge have been
to us like near relatives. But above all shall I regret the
loss of the Wirt family. The mother and father all I
wished as friends for myself, and the daughters the
very characters I would have chosen among thousands
for my daughters friends, and they showing as they
have done, similar desires of intimacy with us. Oh
that Genl. Jackson may leave the Attorney General
with us, whatever other changes he makes. Mrs.
Johnson1 of Louisianna, is Ann's favorite. She is
not only the fashion but the Ton, yet admiring and
admired as she is, and the gayest among the gay, she has
a simplicity and frankness and kind heartedness about
her, that is very attractive, and there is no one Ann likes
as well. She buys every new book and they are all at
our service. She sent me a dozen the other day. As
1 Wife of Josiah S. Johnston, Senator from Louisiana.
i828] POLITICAL CHANGES 241
for Books, we shall be at no loss. The library of the
Dept. of State, is close to us, and the city library and I
count on access to the Congress Library as in times of
old, when as Mary Ann may recollect I used to have
members names signed on blanks for me to fill out at
my pleasure. The only difficulty will be to find time to
read. I will tell you our plan of living — our parlours
open into each other with folding doors — fire in both
is made before breakfast. After breakfast I come into
the front parlour, a table with my india writing and
work-box is on it, and books and paint-box &c, stands in
the middle of the room, always ready for me to write,
read or sew. The breakfast things are directly removed
to the kitchen, which is light, nice and comfortable, where
the house keeper goes to attend to her duties, the other
girls sit in the dining-room, at their work or reading until
one oclock. Then we visit, and walk if the weather is
good, or receive visitors, or join our circles and while one
reads aloud the other works. Excepting three rainy
days, we have not been alone a single day, having a re-
ception of visitors from one oclock until bed-time. After
tea, Mr. Smith sits alone in the dining room until 9 and
then joins us, when Ann, myself, or some of our guests
play chess with him, unless prevented by the pleasures
of conversation. We are engaged in reading aloud, the
Lady of the Manor and Mrs. Hemer's dramatic pieces.
Each of us have different books of a more instructive cast
for our individual study. Until one oclock we do not
visit and hope to be able not to receive visitors. Sunday
is a delightful day to us all, especially the servants. My
arrangements are such, that only one of the women re-
mains at home and that, only till dinner is over, the other
woman and William, Lawrence and Mary Ann go to
Sunday school and then three times to church. The girls
242 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
have already commenced their Sunday school labours.
We have to rise very early, but so much the better. Mr.
Gallaudet (you must I think remember the old gentleman
when we lived in Phila) is to be their constant Sunday
beau, to take his tea here and then accompany them to
evening-church.
This is the second day it has rained without interrup-
tion, to me it is pleasant weather and I enjoy the unin-
terrupted quiet it affords us. After finishing this letter
I shall sit down and read the American Review some
articles of which require close attention. We made two
new acquaintances this week, Mr. Burrel Randolph,
(brother of Beverly) and Mr. Triste, a young gentleman
married to a grand-daughter of Mr. Jefferson's just from
Monticello. Mr. Clay has given him an appointm of 14
hundred a year. He brought me an interesting letter
from Mrs. Randolph, who from motives of economy will
not remove to this place until next autumn. I wish I
had had a letter of yours to answer and mine should
not then have been so full of egotism. Let me intreat
you to write soon to your affectionate sister.
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH
[Washington,] Sunday evening, Novr 23, 1828.
. . . . Mr. Triste is a very interesting man and
when he conversed of Mr. Jefferson I listened to him with
delight. He drew me a plan, designed by Mr. J. for the
family grave yard and speaking of his grave, asked me
if I had observed a venerable oak tree which shaded it.
"Beneath that tree," said he, "Mr. Jefferson when a
young man was accustomed to sit and muse, and when
he and Dabney Carr, his early and bosom friend, rested
i8»8] JEFFERSON'S GRAVE 243
from their rambles it was at the foot of this tree. Here
he enjoyed these outpourings of the soul, that perfect
sympathy, which a friendship so fond and true only
could afford. On one occasion they mutually promised
each other that who ever died first should be buried
under this tree and that the surviver when his turn came
should lie by the side of his friend. Mr. Carr died at
a distance from Monticello, while Mr. J. was absent, I
believe in Europe. On his return he had his friend's
body taken up and brought to the appointed spot. Mr.
J.'s wife was laid near; a place between his friend and
wife was reserved for himself, and there he now rests
beneath his favorite oak." I wish my letter would admit
of my giving you other interesting details, but it does
not. Tuesday it snow'd, and falling weather continued
until Thursday afternoon, when the sun shone forth
brightly, previous to setting. We took advantage of the
fine weather next day to pay a great many visits. We
were all out and I did not expect to find any body at
home. Mrs. Rush was, and her room was so comfort-
able and charming and she was so agreeable that I paid
a most unfashionable visit. After dinner Ann and I
went out again. We meant only to make calls, but
they turned into social and pleasant visits. First at Mrs.
Southard's. She told us Judge Southard had just gone
to see us. We staid to tea and soon afterwards he came
in and said he had taken his tea with Mr. Smith and the
girls. He talked very frankly of his removal next March
and his future plans and from this subject we reverted
to inaugurations of all the Presidents and their attendant
circumstances and went, that is I went, into a history of
Washington from the time the government first came.
Some of our recitations were quite amusing and when
I rose to depart, Judge S. said, I had better sit still and
244 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
talk over old times. We wished however to pay an
evening social visit to Mrs. Wirt. We were ushered
into a very large and elegant drawing room, in the middle
was a round table, cover'd with books, engravings, work-
boxes &c &c lit by a splendid lamp. Round the table
was seated the young ladies and 2 young gentlemen. A
rousing hickory fire blazed in the chimney and diffused
warmth and cheerfulness through the room. On one
side of the fire Mrs. Wirt, with a small table and candles
by her, sat reading. I have never seen such a union of
comfort and elegance, I might say splendor. Ann joined
the young people at the table and I sat on the sopha by
Mrs. Wirt. Coffee was immediately brought in and
afterwards dried fruits. But the best part of the enter-
tainment was intellectual. The girls brought me their
albums to look over, full of beautiful paintings, and
original poetry — they were quite a treat. Mr. Wirt and
Mr. King soon joined us and the conversation was so
agreeable, that fond as I am of music I regretted the in-
terruption it gave to conversation. Catherine played on
the harp and sung to it some sweet songs ; afterwards she
accompanied Elizabeth on the piano, with her harp in
some very fine pieces. Mr. Wirt listening in apparent
rapture and requiring the harp to be tuned and retuned,
till as he said it was within "half a hair's breadth" the
same tone as the piano. At last the piece concluded and
we bade this charming family good night and found to
our astonishment when we reached home that it was
near 11 o'clock.
The domestic habits, style of living, and character of
this family, come nearer to my beau-ideal, than that of
any other I know. I have endeavored to describe it, in
my Seymour Family; for you know Mr. Wirt was the
model of my Mr. Seymour.
i828] "THE FEROCIOUS WINEBAGOS" 245
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH
[Washington,] Sunday evening, 30 Nov. 1828.
. . . . I told Genl. P.1 I was a self constituted
delegate from the young ladies of Washington, to beg he
would use his authority and forbid the ferocious Wine-
bagos from assaulting the girls in the manner they did.
They have run after several young ladies and others they
have caught in their arms and kissed, till decent young
women are nearly afraid to walk out. He promised he
would attend to my request and have such improper lib-
erties repressed. While discussing this subject, Gov-
ernor Cass2 came in, and Mrs. Porter told him the com-
plaints I had brought against his Indians. He would not
allow they could be justly censured and vindicated them
with great warmth. However, next day he went to
their lodgings, enquired into the business and gave strict
orders to have them properly watched. You have no
idea, what a general dread they inspired. On Tuesday
Mary Miller and Caroline Breckenridge came to dinner,
and in the afternoon Virginia Southard, Esther Smith,
our neighbor, The Seatons were asked but did not come.
I sent for James Doughty Mr. Ellison, Dawes Elliot and
Edward Cranch wishing to introduce our friends to
Mary Miller. These were the young folks, Mrs. Clay
and Mrs. Southard, Mr. Claibourn3 and Governr Cass
the • old folks. I expected Mrs. Bomford and Mrs.
Thornton and Mrs. Johnson and their husbands. The
gentlemen of the Cabinet who were to come received a
summons to attend the President at his dinner, on busi-
ness and could not get away until 9, when they adjourned
1 Peter B. Porter, of New York, Secretary of War, a distinguished officer
in the War of 1812.
2 Louis Cass was then Governor of Michigan Territory.
3 Nathaniel H. Claiborne, Representative from Virginia.
246 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
to Mrs. Johnson's where they had been previously en-
gaged to supper. I introduced all your young friends
to Mary, Dawes Elliot, seemed to be very much pleased
and conversed almost the whole evening with her. Mrs.
Southard asked all the ladies present to spend the next
evening with her, and never did I spend a merrier eve-
ning. As Mrs. Seaton said, she heard there was no one
there above 15 years old. We certainly all acted like
girls, excepting myself. I did not dance, but played
chess, tho' not with much gravity I must confess. Per-
ceiving Mary M. did not enjoy the dancing, I asked her
to play. Mr. Shaler, our Consul at Algiers and an old
acquaintance of mine, sat near and alternately helped us.
Afterwards I played with him and then with Dr. Lovel.
But there was such a laughing and talking around me,
I could not help joining in the mirth, losing my game.
The girls had no beaux and in order to set them a danc-
ing, Mrs. Clay, Mrs. Johnson, Lovel, Jessup and others
danced with them and were as merry as a parcel of girls.
Mr. Clay, had been dining out, and did not come in
until 9, but in such spirits, that he added to those of the
company. I never saw him so gay and agreeable. In-
deed all the defeated party, appear as if they had thrown
down heavy burdens and felt light of heart. Mr. Adams
has rented Commodore Porter's house for Mrs. Adams,
whose health will not allow of her residing in Boston,
and many people think he will likewise remain here, as
his rupture with his old friends and party, will make
Boston a very unpleasant home for him. Mr. Wirt, it
is said, will settle in Baltimore and the other gentlemen
return to their respective homes.
On Wednesday we passed the morning in visiting and
paid off some of our debts, but on our return found we
had incumbered new ones. This morning visiting breaks
i828i WINTER GAIETIES 247
up all my sober plans. I will struggle hard to have
more time to myself, for the girls and myself are already
wearied of so much going out. Wednesday evening we
had to ourselves and passed it in work and reading.
Thursday, Julia Seaton spent the day here and in the
afternoon Col. and Mrs. Bomford came and staid until
11 oclock. Mr. and Mrs. Seaton called on their return
from the President's where they had taken tea and passed
the early part of the evening. Friday, a delightful rainy
day, we passed in reading and work. Saturday went to
see the Indian Dance, in the afternoon to see Mrs. Clifton
and in the evening at home. Mr. Triste came in to tea
and sat until near ten with us. We have had a great
deal of morning company which has lengthened our list
of acquaintances far beyond my wish. Govr Cass is the
most agreeable new acquaintance I have formed. He is
very frank and communicative and his conversation in-
teresting.
Tomorrow Congress opens. I expect and hope we
will have a quiet, tranquil winter. Our city is rapidly
filling, not only with members but with strangers. In
my next, I shall, I suppose have something more in-
teresting to say.
It is with difficulty I have written thus far. John
Scott (his first visit) and William Bryan and the
were talking all around me and I scarcely know what
I have written. -I shall watch anxiously for your next
letter. If you are well, write immediately on receipt
of this, which I suppose will be Wednesday evening and
if you write on Thursday I shall get your letter on Sat-
urday. The girls join me in affectionate remembrances.
Tell me whether you see Mary Miller and what she tells
you about Washington, how she likes us, &c &c. Good
night dearest Bayard.
248 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington,] Deer. (20, I believe) 1828.
. . . . You ask how the administration folks look
since their defeat. They all with one consent, do what
I think dignity and self respect requires, — appear cheer-
ful and good humoured, mix freely and frankly with the
triumphant party and in Congress all is harmony I am
told. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have gone a little too far in
this assumed gaiety at the last drawing room they laid
aside the manners which until now they have always
worn and came out in a brilliant masquerade dress of
social, gay, frank, cordial manners. What a change
from the silent, repulsive, haughty reserve by which
they have hitherto been distinguished. The great audi-
ence chamber, never before opened, and now not finished
was thrown open for dancing, a thing unheard of before
at a drawing-room ! The band of musick increased the
hilarity of the scene. All the folks attached to the ad-
ministration made a point of being there. The ladies
of the Cabinet in their best bibs and tuckers. Most of
them in new dresses just arrived from Paris. Every
thing in fact was done to conceal the natural feelings
excited by disappointment and to assume the appearance
not only of indifference, but of satisfaction. As one of
the opposition members observed, "The Administration
mean to march out with flying colours and all the honors
of war." Well, I think I would do so too, only not
carry it so far as to betray affectation. In private and
social intercourse, among themselves, where no false
assumption is necessary, I have, I must say, seen the
same good humour. They treat their defeat as one of
the chances of war, which happen to the most brave and
John Quincy Adams.
From the portrait by Jean Baptiste Adolphe Gibert. In the State
Department, Washington.
i828j MRS. PORTER 249
skilful, as well as the weak and ignorant. We have been
asked in a social way to all our neighbors. Mrs. Clay,
Mrs. Southard, Mrs. Wirt, Cutts, Porter, &c, where we
met the same folks and without a single exception all
seemed in a good humour. Mr. Clay seems in better
health and spirits than he has been for many months.
Genl. Porter is in fine spirits, as well as his charming
wife and seems determined to keep open house and ex-
tend his hospitality equally to both parties. We were
at a crowded party there this day week, asked to meet a
few friends, and found at least 200. This morning I
have received another invitation for this evening, — when
from what I hear there may be five hundred, so none of
us wish to go. Last week we had invitations to 4
parties, but I went only to Mrs. Porter's and this week
shall confine ourselves to Mrs. Clay's drawing room and
company one evening at home. Mrs. Porter will be very
popular. Frank, gay and conversible, she is cordial
with every one, and pleases every one. And so odd, an
absolute original. The first rainy day I can find time
I mean to draw her portrait and record some of her
sayings and phrases, to add to my collection of original
pictures. I like her very much, but shall see little of her,
for she is now in for it, up to the very ears in the bustle
and business of company. She has hardly time to eat
or sleep she says. I went out one morning visiting with
her, her list of visits to be returned, already amounted
to 500 and all who call on her, she is obliged to invite
to her parties. As Mr. Cox 1 of your city, who preached
for us said, "Is the Lord a hard master, is his work
drudgery. No I tell you, his yoke is easy and his bur-
den light. It is the world that is a master and let you do
1 Probably Samuel Hanson Cox, a Presbyterian divine, one of the founders
of the University of the City of New York.
250 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
what you will, slave yourself to death, give health, give
fortune, give time and all you have and still you can
never please him." And this is true, Oh hard and ex-
citing world, / will not be thy slave.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington, January, 1829.]
Wednesday morning : We had a most agreeable even-
ing without the aid of other amusement than what
the intellect afforded. Conversation never flagged a
moment, but until 12 o'clock was sustained with such
animation that every one expressed surprise on discov-
ering it was so late. Dr. and Mrs. Lovel, Dr. and
Mrs. Lindsay, several ladies you do not know, Gen'l.
Van Rensalaer, Mr. Henry, Mr. Wood, Mr. Chase, three
literary and agreeable single men and a number of mar-
ried ones, Mr. Campbell, accustomed in the circle of his
wife's family, to gay and fashionable society (she was
the sister of the rich Miss Bowling Sam Bayard courted)
appears quite like a man of the world in company, — his
manners polished and refined. It was the most agree-
able party we have as yet had at home and just such
as I wish to have, far more to my taste than the other
occasion when I had Mrs. Clay and the other Secre-
taries' families, Mrs. Johnson, Cutts, &c, with cards and
dancing. We all enjoyed ourselves, the young folks
clustered around the center table and played Insertion,
the game you taught me and which I so called, wrote
rhymes, etc., and were merry without being silly — but
someone rings.
Thursday: A happy New Year to my beloved sister
and each individual of her dear family! How are you
this morning? Would that I could wrap my arms
:
i829] THE BUSTLING CITY 251
around you and give you the kiss of gratulation. The
girls you say are to pass this gala day in New York
and Maria with so many young people around her will
be younger than usual. I picture you and Mr. Kirk-
patrick seated at this moment alone and quiet by a big
blazing fire in your comfortable parlour — each with your
books. As it is dark and cloudy here it may be tempes-
tuous with you. Our city is as alive and bustling as
New York — There are few persons who are sitting
quietly at home — everyone is thronging to the Presi-
dent's— to the last Levee of Mr. Adams carriages were
rolling incessantly past. I am seated with Julia in the
front parlour by a good fire of Lehigh coal. Mr. Smith
and the other gentlemen are surrounding a wood fire
in the dining room, they being disinclined to see com-
pany who may call. All are reading except myself and
my book is by me, but before I open it I could not
resist the impulse of my heart to write to you. I have
again read your last letter and feel interested in the
account you give of your society — The only public char-
ity of whose beneficial influence I feel no doubt is the
education of the poor. This goes to the root of the
evil; in giving instruction, you give to the poor the
means of avoiding poverty. Most other public charities,
by relieving their present wants, take from them the
most powerful incentive, that of necessity, to provide
for the future by their own exertions. — They depend on
the relief benevolence extends to them and do little for
themselves. I shall participate in the pleasure success
will afford you and were I nearer would as gladly par-
ticipate in your labours. Mrs. McClane of Delaware has
come. I passed two hours with her and then had fairly
to run away, for she talked at such a rate it was difficult
to get off. "How many children have you brought with
252 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
you," said I — "Let me see — three and a half — am I not
venturesome to come with half finished work?" She is
in excellent spirits — animated and political — her hus-
band has staked everything on his political measures,
his practice injured, his popularity in his own state gone1
— Jackson's election affords him something more than
mere triumph. I have no doubt he builds on it hope, nay
almost certainty of office. But alas ! I fear disappoint-
ment awaits him, as well as many other supporters of
Jackson. All cannot be in the Cabinet — Those who are
not what will they do ? Turn against him ? One of his
warmest partisans speaking about Mr. McClain last night
said he must remain in the Senate. They will not spare
him, for certainly as his seat was vacated an administra-
tion man would be put in — After the example of your
state, who mean, we are told, to turn out Gov'r. D. and
put in Mr. Southard. The aim of the defeated party
certainly is to get a majority in the Senate and thereby
to control the President. Tonight Gen'l. Eaton, the
bosom friend and almost adopted son of Gen'l. Jackson,
is to be married to a lady whose, reputation, her previous
connection with him both before and after her husband's
death, has totally destroyed.2 She is the daughter of
O'Neal who kept a large tavern and boarding house
whom Littleton knew. She has never been admitted into
good society, is very handsome and of not an inspiring
character and violent temper. She is, it is said, irresist-
ible and carries whatever point she sets her mind on.
The General's personal and political friends are very
much disturbed about it; his enemies laugh and divert
themselves with the idea of what a suitable lady in wait-
ing Mrs. Eaton will make to Mrs. Jackson and repeat the
1 Louis McLane, of Delaware, was appointed Minister to England, 1829,
Secretary of the Treasury, 1831, and Secretary of State, 1833.
1 See Mrs. Smith's letter to Mrs. Boyd, spring of 1829, infra.
i899] GENERAL EATON'S MARRIAGE 253
old adage, "birds of a feather will flock together." Dr.
Simm and Col. Bomford's families are asked. The
ladies declare they will not go to the wedding, and if
they can help it will not let their husbands go. We
spent the evening at Dr. Simm's last night. All present
were Jacksonians — Dr. Simm the most ardent and de-
voted. He had lately received a letter from Gen'l. J.
which he promised to show me. I wanted to see it
immediately, suspecting, as I told him, if he deferred
showing it, it would be with the intention of correcting
the orthography. He laughed and joked on the subject
very good naturedly and about Mrs. J.1 and her pipe in
the bargain. What a change will take place in our
society — how many excellent families shall we lose. I
told the Doctor I should cry all day long on the 4th of
March, for my politics were governed by my heart and
not my head — To dismiss Mr. Wirt! Where will he
get such another man? Oh, how sorry, very sorry I
should be. Our intimacy is progressing and time might
transmute it into friendship. But these miserable fetters
will deprive me of this hope. For eight years how I did
love to go to the President's house on this day. The
gracious countenance that then beamed on the thronging
multitude, the sweet mild voice, the cordial pressure of
the hand, I could no longer meet and therefore I will not
go. How much goodness and greatness then dwelt
there — now shrouded in the cold and narrow grave — the
home of all men. Thither we are hastening, the humble
and the ambitious, the poor and rich, the vanquished
and the triumphant. How trivial and inconsequent are
the rivalships and conflicts which now make such a stir.
A few years and the eager, animated actors on the pres-
ent scene shall be still and silent and forgotten — and we
1 It was well known that Mrs. Jackson smoked a pipe.
254 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
too, my sister, — for my part I look not for a return of
this day. I feel astonished that I am still here, but now
that my long secretly indulged wish of having my girls
fixed in the city is fulfilled I am ready — I am willing to
leave them. They will not now be left in the inactivity
and desolation of solitude. I enjoy life, but I have had
enough of it. Were it not for the constitutional and
merely animal gaiety of my disposition I should be dread-
fully weary of this twice told tale. But these spirits
bouy me up on the calm surface of life's sea and give to
my exterior an appearance of enjoyment, often delusive.
Serious reflection and deep feeling float not on the sur-
face. I therefore am not known or even suspected. At
this moment how little would a visitor who should enter
and with whom I should rattle away on the occurrences
of the day, how little would my own children who sit
around me imagine the subject of my thoughts and feel-
ings during the many wakeful hours of last night —
thoughts and feelings which still occupy mind and heart
— Yes, at this moment I would rather shut myself up in
my own room and weep than sit in the parlour and
entertain company — I hear someone coming, a carriage
stops.
Friday. — A right down snow storm! The first one
we have had this season — it was very complaisant to wait
until the gaities of the holidays were over. Last night
the incessant rolling of carriages sounded like continual
peals of thunder or roaring of the wind, and every car-
riage having lights the appearance was very singular.
The night was dark and the lights darting and flying
about in every direction (for nothing but the lamps was
visible) appeared like brilliant meteors in the air. Mr.
Smith called me to the door to look at them. The pave-
ment, indeed street, in front of the English Minister's
i829] A CALL ON MRS. CLAY 255
house1 was light as noonday, a line of torches being
placed along the pavement. The street was full of car-
riages, about 400 it is said, all with lights and in motion.
His ball was given, it is said, to the President's family
and was more brilliant than any former. We kept our
resolution and would not go — neither to a ball in George-
town to which we were asked. Sent. Eaton's wedding
likewise took place last night, so that the streets were as
light and as full as in the morning. This is a long New
Year's letter. I indulged myself in scribbling so much
because the gents being away from you I wished as far
as I could to amuse your solitude and supply their place.
On reading over these two crowded sheets I fear they
will tire you, but at least they will prove how much I
think of you. Good day, dearest sister — now for an
uninterrupted morning's reading. I shall enjoy it.
Yours tenderly.
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH
[Washington, January, 1829]
. . . . We talked — my goodness, how we talked,
so fast and so loud we could scarcely hear each other.
"Tell us all about the gay world," said Mrs. Clifton.
"We poor people know nothing of it but by rumour."
So we told of all the gay and great folks and great
parties, and marriages and deaths, funerals and festivals,
we knew anything of, while we sat round the table and
drank our tea. Scarcely could we get away from these
attached friends. But the sun had set and we had other
visits to pay. On our way back we stopped to see an
old friend Mr. Ingham and his lady, who arrived a few
1 Charles Richard Vaughan was then British minister.
256 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
days ago — and then proceeded to Mrs. Clay's, where I
reproached myself for not being oftener, considering
the present state of affairs. We were conducted up
stairs, the door of the little drawing-room opened. All
was bright with splendid furniture, lamps and blazing
fire, but no smiling faces like those we left in the little
kitchen mingled their light with the surrounding objects.
Mrs. C. was mournfully walking the room and as we
entered, held up her ringer, to impose silence, and pointed
to the sopha. "He sleeps/' whispered she. I felt a shock
on turning my eyes as she spoke, on the sopha was
stretched at full length Mr. Clay face and all, completely
cover'd with a dark cloak, which looked like a black pall.
We took our chairs, without speaking and sat silent.
Our entrance however had awakened him and after a
minute or two, he slowly rose and putting the cloak aside
reclined in one corner with his feet stretched along the
sopha. I had not seen him for three weeks and was
shocked at the alteration in his looks. He was much
thinner, very pale, his eyes sunk in his head and his
countenance sad and melancholy — that countenance
generally illumined with the fire of genius and ani-
mated by some ardent feeling. His voice was feeble
and mournful. I cannot describe dear Bayard what
melancholy feelings were excited in my breast. But
I had come purposely to try and cheer my excellent
friend Mrs. Clay, who I knew was sick and sad, so I
resisted my melancholy tho' I could not help continually
contrasting the little kitchen and its inmates, with this
present scene. There gaiety had been spontaneous, here
it was forced. Still I was, if [torn out], at least cheerful
and said everything I could think of to amuse my great
friends, with far less success however, than with my
poor friends. Gentlemen came in and enquiries were
x829] SICK MEMBERS OF THE CABINET 257
made about the other sick members of the Cabinet. Mr.
Rush, who has been alarmingly ill, for a week past, is
not it is fear'd yet out of danger. The first symptoms of
disease were altogether in the head. Mr. Southard, tho'
just out of his room, after three weeks confinement, is
appointd acting Secretary of the treasury. He is so
feeble that I fear this added labour will produce a re-
lapse. Mr. Clay has not been out for a week and is
scarcely able to sit up. Last week Mr. Wirt had two
attacks, to which they gave no name, a vertigo, followed
by a loss of sense or motion. One attack, he remained
three hours, insensible, the gentlemen all agreed, the only
chance he had for prolonged life was his relinquishing
his practice. During a week or more, Genl. Porter, was
almost blind from inflamation of the eyes and went to
his office with two blisters on, one behind each ear. Mr.
Adams always appear^ in fine spirits, but it is said, is so
feeble as to be obliged to relinquish his long walks and
to substitute rides on horseback — this, I give from hear-
say, for I have not seen him. How strange it is, that
every individual of the administration, should be ill. I
really feel very anxious about Mr. Rush and Mr. Clay.
You, from your connection with his sons, will feel most
for Mr. R. and I need not caution you not to mention
what I have said, lest you alarm them, as it is probable
they are not informed of the worst symptoms. You
will know, sooner than I shall, the result of election of
Senator. From the last news, I fear Judge Southard
will lose his election and Mr. Ewing be chosen.1 I shall
be sorry. I hoped we should keep this amiable family.
The thought of losing so many old and agreeable ac-
quaintances, not to say friends, makes me feel sad, —
1 Theodore Frelinghuysen was elected. On his retirement from the Navy
Department in 1829 Judge Southard became Attorney General of New
Jersey.
258 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
the time is rapidly approaching. Mrs. Clay's next draw-
ing-room, closes this social scene, intercourse between
these families and general society. She says, she shall
not go out any more and immediately after next Wed-
nesday, begin to pack up and make preparations for
going home. The President, in the course of ten days
or two weeks is going to leave the President's House
and remove to Commodore Porter's House, which he
has rented. What a change, what a change will there
be in our city. On no former occasion has there been
anything like it.
Saturday morning. Susan and I, accompanied by
Mrs. Barnet went last evening to Mrs. Lovel's, where
we met a much larger company than we expected, but
very agreeable. It is a right down snow storm to-day.
After closing this letter I shall write a long one to your
aunt Boyd. You know I love to write on a stormy day.
If the weather does not prevent I expect a small chess
party to meet here this evening. Do you not wish you
were with us. Good morning dear Bayard. Now you
have answered the others my turn comes and I shall look
impatiently for a letter.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] January 12, 1829. Monday.
. . . . Rank, honors, glory, are such unsubstan-
tial empty things that they can never satisfy the desires
that they create. You would not wonder at these re-
flections, if living as I do in the midst of a defeated
and a triumphant party — in the midst of men who have
expended health of body and peace of mind, a large
portion of their lives, who have watched and worked,
i8a9] EFFECT OF MRS. JACKSON'S DEATH 259
toiled and struggled, sacrificed friends and fortune, and
domestic comfort, and gained what? Nothing, that I
can perceive, but mortification and disappointment, the
best part of their lives passed in pursuit of that which
in possession was embittered and vexatious, and in the
loss leaves nothing behind. Every one of the public men
who will retire from office on the fourth of March will
return to private life with blasted hopes, injured health,
impaired or ruined fortunes, embitterd tempers and
probably a total inability to enjoy the remnant of their
lives. Poor Judge Southard has been very ill, is still
confined to his room and looks wretchedly. Mr. Rush
totally secludes himself; nobody sees him. Mr. Clay
still keeps on the mask of smiles. Genl. Porter less
hackneyed and worn out worried or weakened looks and
I suppose feels the best of all, but even he, hospitably as
he lives and universally as he entertains, must injure his
private property. Yet with these examples before their
eyes, others eagerly seek for the same places, indulging
the same high hopes, which will be followed by like dis-
appointments and vexations. Such are the irresistible
allurements of ambition! But oh what a gloom is cast
over the triumph of Genl. Jackson, by the death of a
wife fondly and excessively loved! of a wife who it is
said, could control the violence of his temper, sooth the
exacerbations of feelings always keenly sensitive and ex-
cessively irritable, who heal'd by her kindness wounds in-
flicted by his violence, and by her universal charity and
benevolence conciliated public opinion. It is said that
she not only made him a happier, but a better man. I
fear not only the domestic circle, but the public will suffer
from this restraining and benign influence being with-
drawn. Affliction generally softens, but sometimes it
sours the human heart, — should it have the latter effect
260 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
the public councils and affairs will have reason to de-
plore this awful and sudden event. She died the day
before the one on which the festival of triumph was to
take place at Nashville, — feasting was turned into mourn-
ing, the festival into a funeral, the cannons and drums
that were to proclaim the victory of political party
sounded only to proclaim the victory of death. To die
was the common lot, but to die in such peculiar circum-
stances and at such a moment is an event rare as it is
solemn and carries with it such a deep conviction of the
impotency of honor and grandeur and power that the
impression can not be easily effaced from a reflecting
mind. On mine it has made a deep and I hope a salutary
one. . . . Strange that a single woman, possessed
of goodness tho' destitute of talents, could thus influence
the destiny of nations! A similar case will occur to
your mind perhaps in recollecting the history of Greece.
It was Themistocles (I believe) who said, My little son
governs his mother, his mother governs me, — I govern
Athens, Athens governs Greece, Greece governs the
world. So my boy governs the world. . . . One
morning Mrs. McClain of Delaware, who you know is a
great favorite of mine, Mrs. Clay, Mrs. Cutts and Mrs.
Holly sat a long time with me. Mrs. McC. is so enter-
taining and agreeable that time literally flies, when I am
with her. She and Mrs. Porter are extremely alike in
character, — gay, frank and intelligent. But Mrs. P. has
a warmer heart and no one can know without loving her.
I have seen a great deal of her lately and propose passing
this evening with her. Every other Monday (which I
call her great Monday) she sends out hundreds of invi-
tations, has the band of musick and opens four rooms.
The intervening, (or as I call it, her little Monday) she
sees any friends who choose to go, but without particular
i829] PARTY AT MRS. DICKENS 261
invitations. We have been invited to all, but have de-
clined going on the Great Mondays. I promise myself
much pleasure this evening.
Last week we were asked for the 2'd time to Mrs.
Dickens1 and as she said it was a small social party I
and Susan went, but half, if not all Congress and their
wives were there and the people almost a solid mass, —
it was with difficulty, I secured a comfortable seat in a
corner of the room for Susan and myself. For the be-
ginning of the evening we knew not a creature in the
room, — they being the strangers and visitors in the city.
About 9 o'clock Mr. and Mrs. McClain entered ; she spied
me, and as glad of a comfortable seat as myself, a vacant
chair next me. We laughed and talked so merrily as
to attract Mrs. Porter, who with difficulty broke away
from the crowd of gentlemen that surrounded her and
came to us. She made Susan get up and give her her
chair, much to poor Sue's regret who (a most terrible
thing to her) had to stand. With the Secretary and
Senator's ladies, our corner became the most attractive
spot in the room, next to the Pianno, where the Miss
Fultons (from New York) were playing and singing in
high style — Italian in perfection. Madam Garcia over
again. But charming as the musick was, it could not
interrupt our conversation. Several gentlemen gathered
round the great ladies and the rest of the evening I passed
very pleasantly. I knew not who gave most delight
Mrs. P. or Mrs. McC. I should call them both Rattles
if they were not something so much better, — they are
charming women. Mrs. P. had asked me to find her a
poor girl, who would be willing to go to New York with
her as a servant. Last week I was called to visit a
family, in the extremity of want and sickness, — 6 chil-
1 Wife of Asbury Dickens.
262 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
dren, 4 of whom were girls. Their necessities were so
far beyond my ability to relieve, that it occurred to me
to recommend one of the girls to Mrs. P. and to make
known to her the situation of the family. It was dark
when I went and bitterly cold. Mrs. P. was going in
the evening to Baron Krudener's1 Ball, but the moment
I described the condition of this family, she called her
servant, had bread, candles, &c put up, tied a hankerchief
over her head, put on an old plaid cloak, jumped into
our carriage and went with me to see them. The next
day when I went to see them, I found on her return
home she had sent them a blanket, meat, meal, and other
articles. Who that looked at her that evening, gaily
dressed, charmed and charming, flattered and carressed,
would have imagined her as she had been an hour be-
fore, wrapped in an old cloak, seated by the bed-side of
a dying woman in a cold, miserable room, surrounded
by half naked and starved children? But could they
have witnessed the contrast, how would delight and
admiration have been converted into love and esteem, or
rather the one added to the other. Can you wonder at
my loving this woman? Truly, I would rather General
Jackson should not come, than that such a woman should
go away. There is no one in the city so popular. The
New York papers have celebrated her and say she throws
Mrs. Clay completely in the shade.
FROM MADAME PICHON2
Paris, January 26, 1829.
My Dear Friend:
Since I received your last letter, together with the
charming work which you sent me and which I read with
1 Russian Minister 1827 to 1836.
2 Translation from the French.
i8a9] MADAME PICHON'S FAMILY 263
great pleasure, two events have happened in my family
in which your mother's heart will take part. My daugh-
ter, after long suffering, was successfully delivered of a
pretty daughter who promises to be large and strong.
She suffered at first in nursing, but as she embraces our
principles, she took courage and suffering yielded to
maternal perseverance. Her little one who is 2 months
old is beginning to know her mother and even her father,
who quits his scientific labors to come and rock his
daughter when he hears her cry. It is a great happiness
for me to be a grandmother and to see my mother still
able to come to my daughter's house and dance my
daughter's daughter on her lap. However, this happi-
ness is mingled with a very keen sorrow, for Theodore,
who will soon be 24 years old, is endowed with agreeable
physical features, has a fine pronunciation, and has done
some remarkable work at studying, was going through
his last year preparatory to becoming a lawyer, and had
already pleaded with some success, but he did not like
this occupation, which is so independent and which I
should so much have desired that he would pursue. His
father often expressed regret before him that he had
ceased being employed by the Ministry of Foreign Af-
fairs, where he might have secured a position for him.
Having been born at sea, hearing constantly of traveling,
being surrounded by men of learning who had made some
interesting voyages, and having himself passed three
years in Germany in a very agreeable and brilliant man-
ner during his childhood, poor Theodore opened his eyes
and tormented his father to assert his former rights in
that Ministry in his favor. Well, Pichon was recently
charged with a negotiation with the Republic of Hayti
with Mr. Esmanyart. Their two sons have been ap-
pointed secretaries of the commission. Good bye plead-
264 WASHINGTON SOCIETY LJan.
ing and the lawyer's robe, for he no longer thinks of any-
thing but the embroidered coat of secretary of legation.
The commissioners are not going away any more, for the
negotiations are being attended to in Paris, but my Theo-
dore has persuaded his father to ask the Count de la
Feronais, who is very kind to my husband, to have him
appointed pupil vice consul in Haiti. He has gone, he has
left father, mother, brother, sister, and his little niece who
already smiled at him. He has gone, seeing happiness
in a foreign land where I lost my brother-in-law of yellow
fever. He takes the place of the son of a lady whom I
knew well during my childhood, and who just perished
also of that terrible disease. He embarked after arrival
at Brest without having time to write to us except a
word to my mother, whom he will probably never see
again. There he is in the midst of the dangers of the
sea, and the climate, the child whom God had given me
to take the place of Louis! The same fate perhaps
awaits him. Oh, my friend, do you feel all I suffer ? I
have not the courage to go into society. I dread those
satisfied countenances which will greet me and congratu-
late me on the fine career of my son, on the great success
he will achieve, and all those commonplaces — nonsensical
ideas of people who do not understand real happiness.
I thought I had prepared things for my old age; I
thought I had inspired in my children, by dint of care and
tenderness, enough affection for me to create in them
a leaning toward some profession which would enable
them to live honorably near us. Well, Theodore, if I
keep him, will go from one consulate to another, and
when he comes to Europe I shall think that I am near
him. He will probably marry a woman that I do not
know, and his children will be strangers to me! Is
that where my dreams of happiness and the cares which
i8a9] MADAME PICHON'S FAMILY 265
I bestowed on him as a child were to lead me ? In order
to part with him as late as possible, I had been his first
Latin teacher. His father had put him into a college
near to our house. We saw him very often, and yet
when, after his vacation, he had to return there and
leave the paternal roof after we had passed 6 weeks to-
gether, what tears we shed together ! Yet he is leaving
us now perhaps forever, and his young brother, who had
fever three days owing to his grief at his departure, and
who also seemed to love us so tenderly, is thinking of
nothing but studying to enter the Military School of
St. Cyr ! How mothers who have sons are to be pitied !
A gentleman was saying the other day that those who
had only sons were like hens that had hatched nothing
but ducklings. It is a true image : The poor hen resting
on the shore while her offspring find pleasure in an ele-
ment which makes her tremble for them. I am very
happy, at least, that my Henrietta has inherited my
tastes, perhaps even in an exaggerated degree. She
likes nothing but domestic life. She has married a man
of intellect, who enjoys great celebrity in sciences and
who loves me as his own mother. She will bring her
daughter up well, and out of four children I shall have
that one, and she will have procured a son for me, while
those whom I nursed are leaving me! I hope very fer-
vently that Theodore will go to the United States some
day. He will see you and that will be a consolation for
me. He might have gone to New York with Mr. Dan-
nery, but the consulate general of San Domingo is a
legation, there is no minister, and Theodore having been
secretary of the commission, is acquainted with the nego-
tiations and is almost secretary of legation, which is more
interesting for a mind like his, for political affairs have
more interest than the purely commercial ones of the
266 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
consulate. May God protect him and preserve him from
sickness, and he may be happy, for he is sacrificing every-
thing for a brilliant future. He has some great advan-
tages. He knows three living languages — English, Ger-
man, and Spanish; he has ideas enough about science
to derive agreeable pastime from them, and by working
he ought to become a very distinguished consul. As
for myself, I must learn to be happy to have a son whose
name will be in the gazette, and I must not think of the
fact, when I receive a satisfactory letter two months after
it was dated, that two months have passed since it was
written ! I am falling into old age with all the anguishes
of my youth. Alas ! I will support them with courage,
believing them to be a sacrifice necessary to my future
happiness. Where is that happiness so dearly bought?
My poor husband is exhibiting fortitude, but tenderness
is getting the better of his fatherly pride and he is suffer-
ing keenly at this departure. However, political events
and the world distract him. I, on the other hand, am
constantly brooding over my grief, and see nothing but
my son, ill and deprived of my care ! But, my friend, I
wished to speak to you of the pleasure I derived from
your pretty story about "What is real gentility." It is
charming. It is a very faithful depiction of the char-
acter of Mr. and Mrs. Madison. It seemed to me that
I saw her. The visit of Mrs. Madison to the good
mother who falls and breaks her pipe is a picture made
from nature. And I have made the acquaintance here
of a young American lady who is so great a woman of
fashion that I believe she prides herself on imitating the
fickle and unrepublican character which you so wittily
depict. Your country worries me ; it is becoming spoiled ;
there you have a military President; it is an attack
against your liberty ! You are spreading out ; the taste
i829] AMERICA IN DANGER 267
of high society and rank is being formed; take care!
Titles and nobility are at your doors. You were getting
on so well without the aristocracy necessary to the old
world ! As to us, we are gaining more than you are los-
ing, and we have more freedom than I ever saw in
France. I do not speak of the time when Bonaparte had
given us a mute legislative chamber, spies everywhere,
and imprisonment for talking in our own houses, with-
out our friends' knowing we were there, not to speak of
the evils of war. The parties are beginning to merge
together, and if a few ambitious persons are discontent,
we must hope that they will not succeed in depriving us
of the peace and liberty which we are now finally en-
joying.
It is late and I will leave you, asking you to embrace
the opportunity offered by Mr. Dannery's stay in New
York to let me hear from you as well as from Mr. Smith
and all your family. We occasionally see Mr. Boyd.
He wanted me to help him choose some books for his
young children, but the preparations for the departure of
Theodore have thus far deprived me of this pleasure,
though I have not given it up.
Accept, dear lady, the assurance of my sincere affection
and the respects of my husband, and remember me to Mr.
Smith and our common friends. Yours truly,
A. Emilie Pichon.
TO /. BAYARD H. SMITH
[Washington] Friday Jan. 30. [1829.]
. . . . I was interrupted by the entrance of com-
pany, and if the truth were known, I dare to say, you
are glad I was broken in upon a subject more serious than
pleasant. Well, I will resume my letter, but not my sub-
268 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
ject, but continue my journal from my letter of last week.
I then told you we were going to have a small party, a
small, but very select and agreeable one it was. Mr. and
Mrs. Calhoun, she as friendly and social, he as charm-
ing and interesting, as ever Mr. and Mrs. Gilmer, (our
Crawford friends) Mr. and Mrs. Rives, both talented
and superior folks, Phillip Barbour, of whose eloquence
and coloquial talents you have heard your father and me
talk. Col. and Mrs. Bomford, Dr. and Mrs. Lovel, Mr.
and Mrs. Seaton, Dr. and Mrs. Simm,1 Genl. Porter and
the ever admired and charming Mrs. P. with Miss
Moris, Caroline Breckenridge and about a dozen more,
Senators and Members. Conversation flowed without in-
terruption, every one was gay and animated. Some
played chess, some sat by the table and talked, but most
conversed in groups. Every one did as they pleased.
For a wonder, in a Washington party, they could sit, as
well as stand. There were above 40 in the room, yet it
was not the least crowded and I received many compli-
ments on the greater rationality, as well as pleasure
of such a small select party, than the usual squeezes and
crowds. I enjoyed myself more than on any previous
evening this winter. I conversed by turns with all my
guests, but longest with the two I most admired, Mr.
Barbour and Mr. Calhoun. The limits of a letter will
not allow all, otherwise I should like to detail what was
said by these gentlemen. Mr. Barbour conversed about
Mr. Jefferson and the University of Virginia and gave me
some interesting information, Mr. Calhoun about the late
election and the characters of some of the leaders on both
sides. I really ought to commit observations such as his
to paper, but I can not find time. When Mrs. Porter and
1 Dr. Thomas Sim, who after the death of his first wife became engaged
to Mrs. Smith's sister-in-law, was one of the founders of the Medical
Society of the District of Columbia and its second president.
i8a9] MRS. PORTER'S SPRIGHTLINESS 269
her large party entered, she as usual created quite a sen-
sation. All crowded round her. She had a nod for
one, a smile for another and good humour and gaiety
for all. While with Mr. Calhoun and afterwards with
others she carried on a sprightly conversation, to which
all around listened with delight. Every gentleman then
in the room was a Jacksonian, some violent, but she ral-
lied them so charmingly, that had they been enemies they
must have become friends. ''Oh," said she, in reply to
some remark on her going to every party, "I have not
long to stay, so I am determined to see and enjoy all I
can. If my time is short, it shall be sweet, as the proverb
says, short and sweet. But no matter/' added she nod-
ding her head significantly, — "If we must go now, we
will be back in 4 years, so take it yourselves." The gen-
tlemen laughed and said they would not relinquish so
soon as that. "We'll see, we'll see," said she nodding
good humourd'ly. "At least we will both do our best,
one to keep in, the other to come in" or something to
that effect. "What a pity it is," observed Mr. Calhoun
to me, "that all the ladies can not carry it off (their de-
feat) as charmingly as Mrs. Porter, but some I hear
take it much to heart." "The gentlemen more than the
ladies," said I. "All the Secretaries are sick. One day
last week, with the exception of Genl. P. all were con-
fined to their beds." "After all," said Mr. C, "these
things are, as it were, the mere charity of war and tri-
umph of defeat, change sides and every one takes his
turn, so that one ought not to feel great elevation or
great depression, but in either case take the result with
moderation, but above all, as far as possible, to avoid
mingling personal, with political feelings. There is
nothing from which I have really suffered in the late
conflict of parties, but the division it has created between
270 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
me and personal friends ; as for the enmity and abuse of
political opponents, that is nothing, — wounds which leave
no scars."
But I must check my pen, the detail of conversations
is endless. It was near twelve when the company dis-
persed. We had several invitations which we declined,
that to Miss Williams wedding, one. This party was
not only a crowd, but a crush; some folks were nearly
hurt. It is supposed a thousand invitations were given
and actually above 700 accepted and the house not large.
On Saturday evening the bride saw company. We had
two other invitations for that evening, to a musical party
at Mrs. Wirt's and a chess party at Mrs. Burnels, besides
which Anna Maria was asked to a cottillion party at Miss
Sutherland's and a party to the theatre with Mrs. Seaton.
She preferred the last and went to Mrs. Seaton's where
she staid until Monday morning, happy, as she always is,
with these friends. Your father, yes your father, went
with Susan and myself to see the Bride, and well worth
was she to be seen. Beauty itself. I could do nothing
but look at her, nor Mr. Vaughn (the english minister)
either. He seemed as if he could eat her up and if
eyes could have eaten, he would have devoured her.
Persico, the Italian Sculpter, has begged permission of
her father to take her bust, which he says is faultless,
perfectly classical. Her next sister is as pleasing, al-
most as beautiful, tho' not so classically or symetrically
proportioned. The groom is a handsome and pleasing
young man. I conversed a good deal with him. If
such a thing as perfect felicity ever is found on earth,
surely this lovely young couple possess it. So young,
so beautiful, so virtuous and so loving and beloved, —
their first love, and that approved by parents and friends
and crowned with affluence. What is wanting? May
i829] MRS. ADAMS'S DRAWING-ROOM 271
this rare example of riuman felicity long remain unim-
paired. An agreeable, but not large company was as-
sembled, and we remained until 3 o'clock. Then, after
leaving Susan at home and taking up Julia, we went to
Mr. Barnels, where we found all the company engaged
at chess. They soon found partners for your father
and myself. Mr. Bailey, member of Congress and fa-
mous chess player, for your father, and Mr. Barnel and I.
Those who did not play conversed together, and even
we chess folks, with the exception of Mr. Bailey and
your father, took the liberty to laugh and talk a little.
I came off victor in two games, and had it not been for
the entree of oysters, your father thinks he would have
gained one game of Mr. B. But oysters, ham, wine,
porter, &c sadly distract one's attention you know. We
played until 1 1 o'clock and I could have gladly played an
hour or two longer, but yielded to propriety. . . .
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH
[Washington] Thursday, 5 Febr. 1829.
. . . . After tea, about 8 oclock, we went. Un-
less you had seen it, you can have no idea of the crowd.
I should say more than a 1000 people. Mr. and Mrs.
Clay were not well, but supported this trying ordeal ad-
mirably— for trying it was — to be cheerful when the
heart was aching and the health impaired, and to smile on
defeat; tho' surrounded by the victors, yet all this they
did. I could scarcely help crying and to avoid so awk-
ward a delemma, laughed a great deal. Oh, the world,
the world, what a masquerade it is. The drama of the
Adams administration is now closed, the curtain dropt,
it has been a kind of tragic-comedy, as indeed the whole
272 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
of life is. I do not suppose any of the members will be
seen any more in the social circle. As soon as possible
after the 4th of March, they will take their departure.
There was a rumour in the drawing-room that Mr. Wirt
was again ill and had just had another severe attack.
Dr. Hunt who came from his house, said he had been
with him for three hours. Mr. Wirt is rather better. I
shall call at both places this morning.
Anna, went with Julia and me last evening. She was
highly delighted with the scene and enjoyed it exces-
sively. Julia, looked very well and both the girls had
more attention paid them than usual and of course could
not fail being gratified. We did not get home until
after 1 1 oclock. Col. and Mrs. Ward came with us and
as we were a little hungry or so, we had pickled oysters,
cold beef, &c &c and laughed and talked until 12 oclock.
Mr. Ward has been here this morning to enquire after
our healths.
In a day or two Genl. Jackson will arrive — he declines
all parade and instead of the grand display that was ex-
pected, I suppose he will make a quiet entree which I
shall be glad of on account of our old friends. The car-
riage is ready for me to go out — so good morning.
Wednesday morning. It is a week today since I be-
gan this letter, and not one half hour have I had to
finish it. Engagements of various kinds at home and
abroad, occupy every moment, leaving me no time to read
even a novel. One evening I passed most pleasantly at
Mrs. Clay's in company with Mrs. Porter, her brother
Mr. Brekenridge1 and his wife and a few others. I
am delighted with Mr. B. and conversed a great deal with
him — the next morning he and Mr. Danforth, another
1 Probably John Breckenridge, Chaplain of Congress in 1822-3 and after-
wards pastor of the 2d Presbyterian Church of Baltimore.
i829] ARRIVAL OF GENL. JACKSON 273
clergyman and Dr. Collins were with us a long while.
One whole morning Mr. Campbell spent with us and
every morning and every evening Mr. Ward has been
here. He is almost an inmate of our family — who it is he
is pleased with it is impossible to tell, his attentions are so
equally divided. I do not think therefore that love is the
attraction. He brings us new books very often and is in
every way agreeable. I shall quite miss him when he
goes, the 4th of March.
We were preparing to go to the House to see the
votes counted for President, but the weather is unfavour-
able. General Jackson has arrived. Preperations were
made and crowds would have gone to meet him, but he
eluded them all, and came in early this morning — 4 hours
before the expected time. Your father just stepped in to
tell us, to prevent our going among others to see the
parade. But now I hear cannons firing, drums beating
and hurraing — I really cannot write, so adieu for the
present.
Monday 16 Feb. I might as well have finished my
letter as gone down on the avenue with the girls. Noth-
ing but boys — everything has been so quiet, that if one
did not hear of the fact, no one would know Genl. J had
arrived. It has made no change whatever even in the
hopes and fears of the expectants and the fearers — both
tremblingly alive to what may happen — his most intimate
friends, the very persons who are candidates for office,
do not yet know who are to form his cabinet — meanwhile
parties have stopped, the old administration have closed
their houses and no others yet open. A universal dull-
ness pervades society — or rather gloom — at least among
those with whom I most associate. Judge Southard has
had another and more dreadful attack. I saw him on
Saturday — he looks to me as if he had not long to live.
274 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
Genl. Porter, has likewise been very ill and kept his
room most part of last week and is not yet out. Mr.
and Mrs. Clay will not visit, and see only a few friends.
We, viz, our family, are however as gay as usual and
constantly engaged in little social parties at home or
abroad.
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington,] Friday 6th Febr. 1829.
. . . . I do not believe we have been a single day
alone since we came to the city. We literally live in
society and that of a very agreeable kind. We have
greatly enlarged our acquaintance among the members
of Congress and several begin to visit in a social way.
Since I last wrote we have had several agreeable parties
at home — the largest about 40 persons, was made in com-
pliment to our old friends, Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun. By
accident most of the company were of Mr. C.'s politics,
altho' an equal number of administration folks had been
asked. Mrs. Porter and her family came, but really they
mingle so frankly and sociably with the Jacksonians,
that their opposing sentiments are often forgotten. She
is the most popular woman we have ever had here since
Mrs. Madison. Gay, frank, communicative, kind. She
is a universal favourite and it seems like no party at all,
if she is not present, and when she is, she is so sur-
rounded, notwithstanding which she makes out to notice
every body and to make every body feel as if they were
particularly noticed. A nod, a smile, and shaking of
the hand, answer the purpose, for the smile or nod of a
Secretary's lady have a wonderful charm. Noah,1 in his
paper, has puffed her at a great rate, on several occasions
1 Mordecai Manuel Noah in the National Advertiser.
i8a9] MRS. PORTER'S KINDNESS 275
I am told. But what is better than all this, she is truly
kind-hearted and charitable, without any ostentation
whatever. A family of 8 persons whom I made known
to her, because I was unable to give them the relief they
required, she has now entirely supported for the last
month or six weeks. One of the children, by her orders,
daily carries a basket to her kitchen which is regularly
filled. Her good nature equals her benevolence. The
last large party she had, she bade the two girls bring their
basket at 9 oclock in the evening, and told them they
might stay in the back room (where the refreshments
were prepared), see the ladies as they went and came
thro' the hall and gather up the fragments of the cake,
blanc-mange, jelly, etc. The poor mother when she told
me of this the next day seemed absolutely far more grate-
ful and delighted than by the more substantial donations
she had received.
Three days have elapsed since I commenced this letter.
Every day I have sat down to it, but not been able to
write more than a few lines without being interrupted.
Yesterday, the moment I had swallowed my breakfast, I
came into this parlour and as usual left the girls in the
dining-room, seized my pen, determined to have a long
talk, about many things with my own dear sisters. Be-
fore the above page was written, Mr. Leon, Anna's ex-
cellent and amiable french-master came to pay me a visit
and soon after my good neighbor Mrs. Andrew Smith,
an hour afterwards Mr. Ward, a young Bostonian, a
great favorite with us all, who has absolutely domes-
ticated himself in our family. Then Mrs. McClean of
Delaware, — kindly, charming and interesting. Each and
all staid most of the morning, and before they went my
friend Lydia English, who staid all day and night and is
still with us, and in the evening some gentlemen. Not a
276 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
single minute from ten oclock in the morning, until n
oclock at night, had I leisure to read or write, and this
is the history of every day, with the variation of different
persons
I have tried and other friends have tried, to procure a
clerkship for him.1 Mrs. Porter did her very best and
I used all manner of persuasion and argument with the
kind, good natured secty of War. — "My dear Madam,
what am I to do? When we ask Congress for more
clerks in the Dept and tell them the present number is
insufficient for the duties of the offices, the reply is, If
you continue to fill the offices with old men, no number
will be sufficient. Get young men and fewer will answer
and the work be better done. This is too true, the pub-
lic benefit is sacrificed to private interest and charity.
The Departments are literally over-stocked with old, in-
efficient clerks. I cannot serve your friend, consistently
with duty."
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington] Febr 16, 1829.
. . . . I have been a great deal in Mr. Clay's and
Southard's family, both ill, — so ill, I do not think either
has long to live. Yet, they think not so, and attend to
business, tho' they decline all company at home and never
go out. I never liked Mr. Clay so well as I do this
winter, the coldness and hauteur of his manner has van-
ished and a softness and tenderness and sadness char-
acterize his manner (to me at least), for I know not how
it is in general society — that is extremely attaching and
affecting, — at the same time, perfect good humour, no
bitterness mingles its gall in the cup of disappointment
1 A Mr. Andrew Smith, who had failed in business and whose wife was a
friend of Mrs. Smith's.
i829] TROUBLES OF THE CLAYS 277
and I often hear him, when only two or three friends are
present, speak of Genl. Jackson and the present state of
affairs in a good humour'd sprightly way. He has a
cause of domestic affliction in the conduct and situation
of his son1 a thousand times more affecting than disap-
pointed ambition. We all went to the last drawing
room, — we did it to show our respect. My heart was
heavy, very heavy, that word Last! Immense crowds
filled the room, crowds of the triumphant party. I could
not bear it as well as Mrs. Clay. I staid close to her,
knowing she was so sick she could scarcely stand and
that both she and Mr. C. for three previous weeks had
been made very wretched by their domestic grief, — in-
deed for two weeks Mr. C. had not been able to sleep
without anodynes. I stood behind her and watched the
company. She received all with smiling politeness and
Mr. C. looked gay and was so courteous and gracious,
and agreeable, that every one remarked it and remarked
he was determined we should regret him. My heart
filled to overflowing, as I watched this acting, and to
conceal tears which I could not repress, took a seat in a
corner by the fire, behind a solid mass of people. Mr. C.
saw me, and coming up enquired if Mr. Smith had come.
I answered in the negative. "But you are," said he
taking my hand and looking sadly affectionate. "This is
kind, very kind in you, Mrs. Smith." I returned the
pressure of his hand, and without reflection said, "If
you could see my heart, you would then think so."
"Why what ails your heart?" said he, with a look of
earnest interrogatory. "Can it be otherwise than sad,"
I answered, looking at Mrs. Clay, "when I think what a
good friend I am about to lose ?" For a moment he held
my hand pressed in his without speaking, his eyes filled
1 His eldest son was insane and confined in an asylum.
278 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
with tears and with an effort he said, "We must not
think of this, or talk of such things now," and relinquish-
ing my hand, drew out his handkerchief, turned away
his head and wiped his eyes, then pushed into the crowd
and talked and smiled, as if his heart was light and easy.
Alas, I knew, what perhaps no other among these hun-
dreds knew, that anguish, heart-rending anguish, was
concealed beneath that smiling, cheerful countenance, and
that the animation and spirits which charmed an admir-
ing circle were wholly artificial. Judge Southard has all
manner of disappointments to sustain, as well as repeated
severe attacks of disease and pain. He had until within
a week of the election, every reason to believe he would
be chosen Senator, but his friends betrayed him, and one
friend, old, tried and who was under great obligations.
Oh, ingratitude is sharper than a serpent's teeth. He
had just recovered a little strength, when owing to Mr.
Rush's extreme illness, he was appointed Seer, of the
Treasury pro tern. ; scarcely able to discharge his own
business, the addition was too much for him, and a few
nights ago, sitting late and hard at work, he was seized
with what his Physician called spasms in his stomach,- —
for six hours he suffered agony, which even opium could
not allay, until taken in great quantities. Yesterday,
when I saw him, he was sitting up surrounded with
papers, his eyes sunk to the very back of his head, the
sockets black and hollow, while the eye burnt with un-
natural brightness. "Oh do not kill yourself," said I,
as I held his burning hand, "put away those papers.
You are too ill to attend to business." "I must," re-
plied he, "if I die at my post," and there I verily believe
he will die, — he looks awfully. He had his heart set on
the exploring voyage and had the preparations for it in
such forwardness, that he thought it impossible Congress
18*9] MRS. PORTER'S PARTIES 279
would prevent it, by refusing the necessary appropria-
tion. But it is said, they will. Hard things are said of
him on the floor, motives attributed, which I do not be-
lieve ever actuated him. Oh how I pity these public men,
and as I look at Mr. Clay particularly, how often have
I repeated the apostrophe of Cardinal Wolsey, "Oh had
I served my God, half so devotedly as I have served my
King, I should not now in my old age, thus have been
left," etc. Mr. Rush and afterwards Mrs. Rush have
been very ill, and are exceedingly depressed, — they have
not gone out, or received company this winter. Mr.
Wirt, too, has been ill, but is now better. . . . Phil-
lip Barbour was here the day after the General's arrival
and warm Jacksonian as he is, I told him his success
would cost me too much grief, to allow me to participate
in the gratulations of the political party to which my
husband belonged. "I shall cry more than I shall laugh
on the 4th of March," said I. Mrs. Porter is the only
one of the administration party, who has been in spirits
this winter. It is partly constitutional with her and, I
suspect, part policy. It is impossible when one sees her
so attentive and even cordial with the Jackson party not
to suspect, she has some hopes of propitiating them. Yet
it may be genuine good humour and good spirits. She is
a charming woman, and what is still better, she is a good
woman. I have seen a great deal of her, indeed, we are
on the terms of old friends and relatives. We have been
asked at least once every week to a party there, last
week to two, — one a gay company, the other serious,
religious folks to meet her Brother Mr. Breckenridge.
Oh what a zealous, saint-like man he is! he is indeed
a burning and shining light but he is burning fast
away, flesh and blood can not sustain such exhaust-
ing and consuming labours. How I wish I could sit
28o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
under his ministry. How cold and lifeless our Pastor
seems, compared to him. Speaking of Mr. Campbell,
among other things, all however kind and Christian, he
made use of those expressive words, "I wish he was
more steeped in the spirit." I had some delightful com-
munion with this apostolic man. Surely he is in all
things like the beloved disciple, so full of love. Such a
christian would I desire to be, and until I am, until this
divine love takes full possession of my soul, I shall never
be as happy, as I feel I have the capacity of being. It is
good to see the world, as, I see it. Oh Maria, its splendid
out side, its gaiety and glitter, amuse but do not deceive
me. How can they, with such striking proofs before me,
of the bitterness and heartlessness within. And yet I am
amused, and very much interested in the characters and
scenes around me, but it is the interest and amusement
one finds at the theatre. I look upon life as a stage, and
on men and women as mere actors. One drama is just
finished, the curtain has dropped, the actors have left the
stage and I have followed them behind the scenes, where
their masks and dresses are thrown off and I see them as
they are, disappointed, exhausted, worn out, retiring
with broken fortunes and broken constitutions and hearts
rankling with barbed arrows.
Another drama is preparing. New characters, in all
the freshness and vigour of unexhausted strength, with
the exhileration of hopes undaunted by fear, of spirits
intoxicated with success, with the aspirations of towering
ambition are coming on the self-same stage. Will public
favour cheer their closing, as it inspires the opening
scene? Time must show, but most probably, they in
their turn will drink the cup of honor to the bottom and
find its dregs nauseous and bitter. I hoped this cold
morning to have been alone, but one set of ladies have
i829] ARRIVAL OF JACKSON 281
just gone and here stops another carriage. I wish I
could be alone one morning.
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH
[Washington] Wednesday 25th February, 1829.
With what anxiety and impatience have thousands
looked forward to the present period, and crowded from
all parts of the union, to our metropolis to witness the
splendour of Genl. J.'s reception and his inauguration —
Poor souls — disappointment has awaited them — The
General would allow no parade — as I told you in my
last he entered the city and was in it, many hours with-
out its being known — and his being here has made no
change in the aspect of society and would be unknown,
were it not for the anxiety and curiosity of expectants
and aspirants and fear-ants (a new word). As for
gaiety — there is none — even the cotillion parties and pub-
lic assemblies, theatres and concerts fail to attract citi-
zens or strangers. I never witnessed such a dullness,
nay gloom as that which pervades society. The party,
who are withdrawing from office, sick and melancholy,
will not mix in society and the private parties given are
uninteresting to strangers, because there are no Secre-
taries or public characters there — Genl. Jackson and his
family, being in mourning,1 decline all company, so that
a Party must be grave and sober, to be a la mode. The
crowds of strangers who are here, having no drawing-
rooms, no parties, or levees to atend, surge about guess-
ing for news and spreading every rumour as it rises
and every day gives rise to new rumours about the Cab-
inet. Last week it was considered certainly fixed —
xMrs. Jackson died in December, 1828, just before he left for
Washington.
282 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
Van Buren, for state depart'n; Ingham, for the Treas-
ury, Genl. Eaton for the War, Gov'r Branch for the
Navy, and Mr. Berrian, attorney Genl. — Astonishment
and disappointment filled the minds of friends and foes
— with the exception of Van B the cabinet was pro-
nounced too feeble to stand and every one said such
an administration must soon fall — Remonstrances were
made by the Tennesee delegation in a body, (so it is
said) against Genl E 's appointment, and after diffi-
culty and hesitation the General, who it was said, firm as
a rock, was never known to change, found I suppose,
that the authority of a President, was very different
from that of a military chief and must yield to council —
A change was then said to be made, and Judge McClean,
put in the cabinet, and Genl. Eaton in his place as post-
master— But even this, it is said, does not satisfy public
opinion which will not allow of Genl. Eton holding a
place which would bring his wife into society — (for
this is the difficulty) Every one acknowledges Genl.
Eaton's talents and virtues — but his late unfortunate
connection is an obstacle to his receiving a place of
honour, which it is apprehended even Genl. Jackson's
firmness cannot resist — It is a pity — Every one that
knows esteems, and many love him for his benevolence
and amiability. Oh, woman, woman! — The rumour of
yesterday was, that he was to have no place at home,
but be sent abroad — so it was added (tho' evidently only
for the joke of it) that he was to be minister to Hayti
that being the most proper Court for her to reside in —
I repeat these are rumours — The Cabinet mentioned
first, was I believe — official — No one doubted it — the
changes I mention are doubtful — Van Buren, it is gen-
erally supposed, will not serve with these gentlemen —
there being no personal respect or liking between them.
i829] THE NEW CABINET 283
If he declines it will be difficult to find another equal to
the place, for Tazewell of Virginia1 is to go to England —
Everyone thinks there is great confusion and difficulty,
mortification and disappointment — at the Wigwam — as
they call the General's lodgings. Mr. Woodbury,2 looks
glum as well as several other disappointed expectants.
He was the only Eastern man, of sufficient consequence
among the Jacksonians and he has not a place in the
Cabinet — the first time since the Constitution was
adopted in which New England was not represented in
the Cabinet. Such a disregard to New England it is
supposed will alienate many of the Jacksonians in that
quarter. Our friends at Kalacama too are sadly dis-
appointed. Mr. Baldwin confidently expected to be
Attorney-General, and it is said now he will get abso-
lutely nothing. Our friend Louis McLean of Del. is
likewise left in statu quo — though his friends had not
a doubt of his being in the Cabinet — there are hundreds
of offices thro, the Union, vacant, which the Senate will
not fill, viz — sanction Mr. Adams nominations — but de-
fer filling them until after the fourth of March — All
the subordinate officers of government, and even to the
clerks, are full of tremblings and anxiety — To add to
this general gloom we have had horrible weather, snow-
storm after snow-storm — the river frozen up, and the
poor suffering the extremity of cold and hunger — Some
instances of death from want of fuel, were discovered,
and awakened public sympathy, and exertion — Mr.
Gales issued orders for subscriptions to be taken up for
the relief of the poor, and appointed three persons in
1 Littleton Waller Tazewell of Norfolk did not go to England, but re-
mained Senator from Virginia till he resigned in 1833 "from pure disgust
of Federal politics."
2 Levi Woodbury of New Hampshire was then Senator. In 1831 he be-
came Secretary of the Navy and in 1834 Secretary of the Treasury.
284 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
each ward to receive contributions of any and every
kind — to visit all the dwellings of the poor, and to re-
lieve their sufferings — Congress gave 50 cords of wood
to the poor — The Treasury department, not having a
right to give, sold at first cost (not one fifth the present
price of wood) 50 cords. — The War department ordered
all that could be spared to be given on the same terms —
and members of Congress, officers of government,
strangers, and citizens have I am told very liberally sub-
scribed to the relief of sufferings induced by this un-
precedented severe weather — Today is a dismal day —
no high and cutting winds make you sensible of the
cold — but a silent, still freezing is going on, that takes
one unawares and unprepared — It is raining — the drops
fall slowly and sound like heavy fall of shot, as if they
fell, one by one, and they rest on the window panes
as if so chilled they could not run off — But notwith-
standing the weather your father has gone to Captain
Tirgy's funeral1 — It would have been a splendid mili-
tary one — but I take it for granted this weather must
curtail the parade — This puts me in mind of an annunci-
ation in the paper — viz, that the General declines any
military parade on the 4th of March, and means to walk
to the Capitol, to take the oath of office — Our streets are
now deep in slush — snow, mud, mire ! — and if they con-
tinue so, until the 4th of March, a pretty procession
will it be on foot! — a grand sight — for the strangers to
behold, who have flocked here from the East, the West,
the North and the South — But yet I like the General for
his avoidance of all parade — It is true greatness, which
needs not the aid of ornament and pomp — and delicacy
too — I like the suppression of military attendance — but
really think the good old gentleman might indulge him-
1 He died February 23.
i829]( MR. CLAY'S POWER 285
self with a carriage — I think I shall like him vastly, when
I know him — I have heard a number of things about him
which indicate a kind, warm, feeling and affectionate
heart. — I hope sincerely, he may get safely over the
breakers which beset his entrance into port, and when
in — God grant the good old man a safe anchorage in still
waters. . . . We have had a pleasing visit from
Mr. Josiah Quincy — an old and valued friend — which
to me was the most interesting incident of the week —
Mrs. Clay's furniture is to be sold this week — the fair is
to be this week — Mr. Danforth's new church is to be
dedicated this week, and the Inauguration is to be next
week — and then a general dispersion — Mrs. Clay, Mrs.
Porter, Mrs. everbody I care for will be going — and
such dreadful weather! ! !
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington,] Spring of 1829.
. . . . Mr. Clay, has this winter, been such an
object of interest to me, For to me intellectual power, is
more facinating and interesting, than any other human
endowment. And never in any individual have I met
with so much, as in him. Yes, he has a natural, power
and force of mind, beyond any I have ever witnessed.
In Mr. Jefferson, Madison, Crawford, and other great
men I have known, much of their intellectual strength,
was derived from education and favoring circumstances,
a combination of which carried them forward in the
career of greatness and raised them to the elevation
they attained. Not so Mr. Clay. Whatever he is, is all
his own, inherent power, bestowed by nature and not
derivative from cultivation or fortune. He has an elas-
ticity and buoyancy of spirit, that no pressure of exter-
286 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1829
nal circumstances, can confine or keep down. Nay,
occasional depressions seem to give new vigour to this
elastic power. For instance his late defeat. So far
from disheartening, it has been positively exhilorating
in its effects. He began to weary of the measures pur-
sued in the last campaign, it closed, to be sure, in his
defeat, but its termination freed him from weights and
shackles, which had connections or duties, and like the
Lyon, breaking the net, in which he had been entangled,
he shakes from him all petty encumbrances and rises in
all the majesty of intellectual power and invigorated
resolution. He is a very great man. I have seen him,
this winter, as a man, not a politician or stateman, but
studied him, undisguised from any of the trappings of
official form and conventional respect. Certainly, one
of the most interesting days I have ever passed, was
last Sunday. He and Mrs. Clay passed it with us. We
had no other company to dinner, and I am certain he
enjoyed being thus alone with a family he had known
for 18 years, and feeling the triumph of personal regard,
over the respect paid to office. He knew that for the
last 8 years Mr. Smith had been his political opponent,
and felt pleased with rinding himself treated with the
cordiality of friendship, in such circumstances. Whether
it was this, or any other cause, I know not, but whatever
the cause might be, the effect was to produce an openness,
communicativeness, an affectionateness and warmth and
kindness which were irresistibly captivating. We lin-
gered long round the dinner table. He and Mr. S.
conversed on past times and characters, long since passed
from the scene of action. In the afternoon and evening,
Genl. McComb, Mr. Ward, Mr. Lyon (another domes-
ticated beau) and several other gentlemen came in and
until past 10 oclock at night the conversation flowed in
i829] JACKSON'S ENEMIES DELIGHTED 287
an unbroken stream and if committed to writing would
prove interesting to those yet unborn, for the topics were
national, subjects suited for history. Mr. Clay was the
chief speaker. He was animated by his heart as well
as genius. Reclining on the sopha, from which he occa-
sionally in the warmth of argument, would rise or stretch
out his arm, his attitude as well as countenance would
have made a fine picture. But enough of one individual.
I will only add, if his health is restored, we will see him
more efficiently active than ever. Elizabeth says you
wish for a description of the Inauguration, and for some
account of the new Cabinet,1 of the President and his
family. On these topics I have but little to say. Bayard
will transmit to Sister Jane and she to you, my last long
letter to him, containing a full account of that grand spec-
tacle, for such it was, without the aid of splendid forms
or costumes. Of the Cabinet, I can only say the Presi-
dent's enemies are delighted and his friends grieved.
It is supposed wholly inefficient, and even Van Buren,
altho' a profound politician is not supposed to be an able
statesman, or to possess qualifications for the place as-
signed him. Yet on him, all rests. Mr. Ingham, is the
only member with whom we are personally acquainted,
— him we have known long and well. He is a good
man, of unimpeachable and unbending integrity. But
no one imagines him possessed of that comprehensiveness
and grasp of mind, requisite for the duties of his new
office. He will be faithful, this, no one doubts. Whether
he will be capable, experience only can show. Of the
others, we know absolutely nothing, the people know
nothing, and of course can feel little confidence. As for
1 Martin Van Buren, Secretary of State; Samuel D. Ingham of Pennsyl-
vania, Secretary of the Treasury; John H. Eaton of Tennessee, Secretary
of War; John Branch of North Carolina, Secretary of the Navy; John H.
Berrien of Georgia, Attorney General.
288 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1829
the new Lady,1 Elizabeth enquires of after a thousand
rumours and much tittle-tattle and gosip and prophesy-
ings and apprehensions, public opinion ever just and im-
partial, seems to have triumphed over personal feelings
and intrigues and finally doomed her to continue in her
pristine lowly condition. A stand, a noble stand, I may
say, since it is a stand taken against power and favor-
itism, has been made by the ladies of Washington, and
not even the President's wishes, in favour of his dearest,
personal friend, can influence them to violate the respect
due to virtue, by visiting one, who has left her strait and
narrow path. With the exception of two or three timid
and rather insignificant personages, who trembled for
their husband's offices, not a lady has visited her, and
so far from being inducted into the President's house,
she is, I am told scarcely noticed by the females of his
family. On the Inauguration day, when they went in
company with the Vice-President's lady, the lady of the
Secretary of the Treasury and those of two distinguished
Jacksonian Senators, Hayne and Livingston,2 this New
Lady never approached the party, either in the Senate
chamber, at the President's house, where by the Presi-
dent's express request, they went to receive the com-
pany, nor at night at the Inaugural Ball. On these
three public occasions she was left alone, and kept at a
respectful distance from these virtuous and distinguished
women, with the sole exception of a seat at the supper-
table, where, however, notwithstanding her proximity,
1The famous Peggy O'Neil, daughter of a tavern keeper in Washington,
widow of a paymaster in the navy, and now bride of the Secretary of War,
a fine appearing woman, whose reputation had unfortunately for her been
made in Washington. Van Buren was the only man who stood by her.
She was finally driven out and her husband left the Cabinet.
2 Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, anything but a Jacksonian when
the nullification issue came up, and Edward Livingston, then a Represen-
tative from Louisiana, soon to be a Senator, then Secretary of State and
finally minister to France.
i8a9] MRS. SMITH LIKES JACKSON 289
she was not spoken to by them. These are facts you
may rely on, not rumours — facts, greatly to the honor of
our sex. When you see Miss Morris, she will give you
details, which it would not be proper to commit to writing.
She and I have become very social and intimate and
have seen each other often. I hope she will call on you
and talk over Washington affairs. Dear Mrs. Porter,
her departure cost me some bitter tears. And so did
good Mrs. Clay's. Mrs. Ingham professes a desire to
be very social with me, "the oldest friend," as she says
her husband has in the city, but a friend of 18 years is
a thing I shall never make now, it is too late in the day.
We visited the President and his family a few days since,
in the big house. Mr. Smith introduced us and asked
for the General. Our names were sent in and he joined
the ladies in the drawing-room. I shall like him if ever
I know him, I am sure, — so simple, frank, friendly. He
looks bowed down with grief as well as age and that idea
excited my sympathy, his pew in church is behind ours,
his manner is humble and reverent and most attentive.
Mrs. Sanford1 and I interchanged several visits and
she passed an evening with us, but she did not interest
me. For your sake, dear Maria, I will visit Mrs. Hamil-
ton, tho' I have resisted many inducements to make new
acquaintances. I have too many already. But I shall
drop most of them when I return into the country, then
I shall regain my freedom, and do as I like. The last
six weeks have been far less gay, but much more interest-
ing than the first part of the season. We went less
out and had less company at home. Mr. W.'s daily
visits, Mr. Wood's and Mr. Lyon's, almost as frequent,
and the new books they brought us, fitted up our even-
ings far more pleasantly than common-place visitants.
1 Wife of Nathan Sanford of Albany, Senator from New York.
29o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
Mr. Wood, who is goodness personified, remains, he is
our fellow citizen, and we look for his smiling benevo-
lent countenance, daily as the evening returns. Mrs.
Thornton has been very ill and I have been a great
deal with her. Dear Mrs. Bradley has gone, and she
went rejoicing to a better world. Capt. Tingey too.
Our first kind friend and acquaintance. Mrs. Clay is
as much lost to me as if separated by death, and Mrs.
Porter. For ten days I was taken up with sick and
dying, and departing friends. The last two weeks have
been melancholy weeks to me. Judge Southard con-
tinues too ill to move, his little daughter is ill too, their
furniture is all sold, and it is melancholy to visit them,
but it is a duty I often perform. Mr. Wirt's family go
in a few weeks. Mr. Rush, it is said, is to be sent to
England by the Canal-company, with a good salary, and
the family are in good spirits. Mrs. Calhoun goes home,
not to return again, at least for 4 years. Mrs. Ingham
will not be back until autumn. All our citizens are
trembling for fear of losing offices. Mrs. Seaton is very
ill. Gales and Seaton, I fear ruined. In fact never
did I witness such a gloomy time in Washington. I
hope things will brighten. My paper is full.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK.
[Washington] March nth, Sunday [1829.]
. . . . Thursday morning. I left the rest of this
sheet for an account of the inauguration. It was not a
thing of detail of a succession of small incidents. No,
it was one grand whole, an imposing and majestic spec-
tacle and to a reflective mind one of moral sublimity.
Thousands and thousands of people, without distinction
of rank, collected in an immense mass round the Capitol,
■i8a9] JACKSON'S INAUGURATION 291
silent, orderly and tranquil, with their eyes fixed on the
front of that edifice, waiting the appearance of the
President in the portico. The door from the Rotunda
opens, preceded by the marshals, surrounded by the
Judges of the Supreme Court, the old man with his grey
locks, that crown of glory, advances, bows to the peo-
ple, who greet him with a shout that rends the air, the
Cannons, from the heights around, from Alexandria
and Fort Warburton proclaim the oath he has taken and
all the hills reverberate the sound. It was grand, — it
was sublime ! An almost breathless silence, succeeded
and the multitude was still, — listening to catch the
sound of his voice, tho' it was so low, as to be heard
only by those nearest to him. After reading his speech,
the oath was administered to him by the Chief Justice.
The Marshal presented the Bible. The President took
it from his hands, pressed his lips to it, laid it reverently
down, then bowed again to the people — Yes, to the peo-
ple in all their majesty. And had the spectacle closed
here, even Europeans must have acknowledged that a
free people, collected in their might, silent and tranquil,
restrained solely by a moral power, without a shadow
around of military force, was majesty, rising to sub-
limity, and far surpassing the majesty of Kings and
Princes, surrounded with armies and glittering in gold.
But I will not anticipate, but will give you an account of
the inauguration in mere detail. The whole of the pre-
ceding day, immense crowds were coming into the city
from all parts, lodgings could not be obtained, and the
newcomers had to go to George Town, which soon over-
flowed and others had to go to Alexandria. I was told
the Avenue and adjoining streets were so crowded on
Tuesday afternoon that it was difficult to pass.
A national salute was fired early in the morning, and
292 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
ushered in the 4th of March. By ten oclock the Avenue
was crowded with carriages of every description, from
the splendid Barronet and coach, down to waggons and
carts, rilled with women and children, some in finery and
some in rags, for it was the peoples President, and all
would see him ; the men all walked. Julia, Anna Maria
and I, (the other girls would not adventure) accompanied
by Mr. Wood, set off before 11, and followed the living
stream that was pouring along to the Capitol. The
terraces, the Balconies, the Porticos, seemed as we
approached already filled. We rode round the whole
square, taking a view of the animated scene. Then
leaving the carriage outside the palisades, we entered the
enclosed grounds, where we were soon joined by John
Cranet and another gentleman, which offered each of
us a protector. We walked round the terrace several
times, every turn meeting new groups of ladies and
gentlemen whom we knew. All with smiling faces. The
day was warm and delightful, from the South Terrace
we had a view of Pennsylvania and Louisiana Avenues,
crowded with people hurrying towards the Capitol. It
was a most exhilirating scene ! Most of the ladies pre-
ferred being inside of the Capitol and the eastern portico,
damp and cold as it was, had been filled from 9 in the
morning by ladies who wished to be near the General
when he spoke. Every room was filled and the win-
dows crowded. But as so confined a situation allowed
no general view, we would not coop ourselves up, and
certainly enjoyed a much finer view of the spectacle,
both in its whole and in its details, than those within the
walls. We stood on the South steps of the terrace ; when
the appointed hour came saw the General and his com-
pany advancing up the Avenue, slow, very slow, so im-
peded was his march by the crowds thronging around
i829] CROWDS AT THE INAUGURATION 293
him. Even from a distance, he could be discerned from
those who accompanied him, for he only was uncovered,
(the Servant in presence of his Sovereign, the People).
The south side of the Capitol hill was literally alive with
the multitude, who stood ready to receive the hero and
the multitude who attended him. 'There, there, that is
he," exclaimed different voices. "Which?" asked others.
"He with the white head," was the reply. "Ah," ex-
claimed others, "there is the old man and his gray hair,
there is the old veteran, there is Jackson." At last he
enters the gate at the foot of the hill and turns to the
road that leads round to the front of the Capitol. In
a moment every one who until then had stood like statues
gazing on the scene below them, rushed onward, to right,
to left, to be ready to receive him in the front. Our
party, of course, were more deliberate, we waited until
the multitude had rushed past us and then left the
terrace and walked round to the furthest side of the
square, where there were no carriages to impede us,
and entered it by the gate fronting the Capitol. Here
was a clear space, and stationing ourselves on the cen-
tral gravel walk we stood so as to have a clear, full view
of the whole scene. The Capitol in all its grandeur and
beauty. The Portico and grand steps leading to it, were
filled with ladies. Scarlet, purple, blue, yellow, white
draperies and waving plumes of every kind and colour,
among the white marble pillars, had a fine effect. In
the centre of the portico was a table covered with scar-
let, behind it the closed door leading into the rotunda,
below the Capitol and all around, a mass of living beings,
not a ragged mob, but well dressed and well behaved
respectable and worthy citizens. Mr. Frank Key, whose
arm I had, and an old and frequent witness of great spec-
tacles, often exclaimed, as well as myself, a mere novice,
294 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
"It is beautiful, it is sublime!" The sun had been ob-
scured through the morning by a mist, or haziness. But
the concussion in the air, produced by the discharge of
the cannon, dispersed it and the sun shone forth in all
his brightness. At the moment the General entered the
Portico and advanced to the table, the shout that rent
the air, still resounds in my ears. When the speech was
over, and the President made his parting bow, the bar-
rier that had separated the people from him was broken
down and they rushed up the steps all eager to shake
hands with him. It was with difficulty he made his way
through the Capitol and down the hill to the gateway
that opens on the avenue. Here for a moment he was
stopped. The living mass was impenetrable. After a
while a passage was opened, and he mounted his horse
which had been provided for his return (for he had
walked to the Capitol) then such a cortege as followed
him! Country men, farmers, gentlemen, mounted and
dismounted, boys, women and children, black and white.
Carriages, wagons and carts all pursuing him to the
President's house, — this I only heard of for our party
went out at the opposite side of the square and went to
Col. Benton's lodgings, to visit Mrs. Benton and Mrs.
Gilmore. Here was a perfect levee, at least a hundred
ladies and gentlemen, all happy and rejoicing, — wine
and cake was handed in profusion. We sat with this
company and stopped on the summit of the hill un-
til the avenue was comparatively clear, tho' at any
other time we should have thought it terribly crowded.
Streams of people on foot and of carriages of all kinds,
still pouring towards the President's house. We went
Home, found your papa and sisters at the Bank,1 stand-
1 Branch Bank of the United States of which Mr. Smith was president.
It stood at the corner of 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
z829] MOB AT THE WHITE HOUSE 295
ing at the upper windows, where they had been seen
by the President, who took off his hat to them, which
they insisted was better than all we had seen. From
the Bank to the President's house for a long while, the
crowd rendered a passage for us impossible. Some went
into the Cashier's parlour, where we found a number
of ladies and gentlemen and had cake and wine in
abundance. In about an hour, the pavement was clear
enough for us to walk. Your father, Mr. Wood, Mr.
Ward, Mr. Lyon, with us, we set off to the President's
House, but on a nearer approach found an entrance im-
possible, the yard and avenue was compact with living
matter. The day was delightful, the scene animating,
so we walked backward and forward at every turn meet-
ing some new acquaintance and stopping to talk and
shake hands. Among others we met Zavr. Dickinson
with Mr. Frelinghuysen and Dr. Elmendorf, and Mr.
Saml Bradford. We continued promenading here, until
near three, returned home unable to stand and threw
ourselves on the sopha. Some one came and informed
us the crowd before the President's house, was so far
lessen'd, that they thought we might enter. This time
we effected our purpose. But what a scene did we wit-
ness ! The Majesty of the People had disappeared, and
a rabble, a mob, of boys, negros, women, children,
scrambling righting, romping. What a pity what a pity !
No arrangements had been made no police officers
placed on duty and the whole house had been inundated
by the rabble mob. We came too late. The President,
after having been literally nearly pressed to death and
almost suffocated and torn to pieces by the people in their
eagerness to shake hands with Old Hickory, had re-
treated through the back way or south front and had
escaped to his lodgings at Gadsby's. Cut glass and
296 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
china to the amount of several thousand dollars had been
broken in the struggle to get the refreshments, punch
and other articles had been carried out in tubs and
buckets, but had it been in hogsheads it would have
been insufficient, ice-creams, and cake and lemonade, for
20,000 people, for it is said that number were there,
tho' I think the estimate exaggerated. Ladies fainted,
men were seen with bloody noses and such a scene of
confusion took place as is impossible to describe, — those
who got in could not get out by the door again, but had
to scramble out of windows. At one time, the President
who had retreated and retreated until he was pressed
against the wall, could only be secured by a number of
gentlemen forming round him and making a kind of
barrier of their own bodies, and the pressure was so
great that Col Bomford who was one said that at
one time he was afraid they should have been pushed
down, or on the President. It was then the windows
were thrown open, and the torrent found an outlet,
which otherwise might have proved fatal.
This concourse had not been anticipated and therefore
not provided against. Ladies and gentlemen, only had
been expected at this Levee, not the people en masse.
But it was the People's day, and the People's President
and the People would rule. God grant that one day or
other, the People, do not put down all rule and rulers.
I fear, enlightened Freemen as they are, they will be
found, as they have been found in all ages and countries
where they get the Power in their hands, that of all
tyrants, they are the most ferocious, cruel and despotic.
The nosiy and disorderly rabble in the President's House
brought to my mind descriptions I had read, of the mobs
in the Tuileries and at Versailles, I expect to hear
i829] UNIVERSAL REMOVAL FEARED 297
the carpets and furniture are ruined, the streets were
muddy, and these guests all went thither on foot.
The rest of the day, overcome with fatigue I lay
upon the sopha. The girls went to see Mrs. Clay and
Mrs. Southard. Mrs. Rush was at Mrs. C.'s — Mrs.
Clay's furniture all sold, the entry full of hay, straw,
and packages, and in her little back room, scarcely a
chair to sit on and she worn out with fatigue. "This
being turned out, is a sad, troublesome thing, is it not?"
said Mrs. Rush. "Coming in, is troublesome enough,
but then, one does not mind the trouble.' '
After tea, Mr. Ward, Mr. Wood, Mr. Lyon, and
Warren Scott, came in and staid until past 11 oclock.
Mr. S. and I talked of Brunswick friends and of old
times. Col. Bomford has been here, just now and given
me an account of the Ball, which he says was elegant,
splendid and in perfect order. The President and his
family were not there. The Vice President and lady
and the members of the new cabinet were. Mrs. Bom-
ford was in her grand costume, — scarlet velvet richly
trimmed with gold embroidery, the large Ruby, set in
diamonds, for which Col. Bomford has refused five
thousand dollars, and which I believe you have seen, she
wore in her turban. Mr. Baldwin,1 notwithstanding his
disappointment, for he confidently expected a place in
the Cabinet, was, Col B. says, excessively merry. Dur-
ing all this bustle in the city, Mr. Adams was quietly
fixed at Meridian Hill, to which place he and his family
had removed some days before. . . . Everybody
is in a state of agitation, — gloomy or glad. A uni-
versal removal in the departments is apprehended, and
many are quaking and trembling, where all depends on
their places.
1 Henry Baldwin of Pennsylvania. He was appointed a Judge of the
Supreme Court in 1830.
298 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
The city, so crowded and bustling, by tomorrow will
be silent and deserted, for people are crowding away as
eagerly as they crowded here. Mrs. Porter goes on
Saturday, Mrs. Clay on Monday, Mrs. Wirt and Southard
in the course of the week. We are asked to a party at
Mrs. Wirt's tonight, but shall not go, — the funeral of
the morning leaves us no disposition for company.
TO J. BAYARD H. SMITH.
[Washington,] March 12th, 1829.
The winter campaign is over — the tents are struck
and the different parties are leaving the field — Congress
has adjourned — and the hosts of strangers who but a
few days ago, swarmed our streets and crowded the
public houses, are gone too — the bustle of a busy throng
— the rolling of many carriages have ceased and the
busy and animated scene, is comparatively silent and
deserted. . . . Our friends, too, Mrs. Porter, Mrs.
Clay, and many others are gone or going, and these con-
tinual partings with those we love and esteem, have
thrown a sadness over the last week, that I in vain try
to dispel. Never before did the city seem to me so
gloomy — so many changes in society — so many families
broken up, and those of the first distinction and who gave
a tone to society. Those elegantly furnished houses,
stripped of their splendid furniture — that furniture ex-
posed to public sale. Those drawing-rooms, brilliantly
illuminated, in which I have so often mixed with gay
crowds, distinguished by rank, fashion, beauty, talent —
resounding with festive sounds — now, empty, silent,
dark, dismantled. Oh! tis melancholy! Mrs. Clay's,
Mrs. Porter's, Mrs. Southard's houses exhibit this spec-
1 829] DEPARTURE OF OLD FRIENDS 299
tacle — They are completely stripped — the furniture all
sold — the families, for the few days they remained after
the sale — uncomfortably crowded in one little room.
The door shut on company and only one or two inti-
mate friends admitted — Nor does the Entry, of the tri-
umphant party, relieve this universal gloom — Alas! it
only adds to it — General Jackson's family in deep
mourning — secludes them from society, — they are not
known, or seen, except at formal morning visits — They
quietly took possession of the big house, where if they
choose they may remain invisible, and as much sepa-
rated from social intercourse, as if on the other side of
the mountains — But what most adds to the general
gloom — is the rumour of a general proscription — Every
individual connected with the government, from the
highest officer to the lowest clerk, is filled with appre-
hension. Men whose all depends on the decision, await
it in fear and trembling — Oh how dreadfully must a
parent feel, when he looks on his children gathered
round him, and knows that one word spoken by a
stranger, may reduce them to beggary — Such is the sit-
uation of hundreds at the present moment — and of men
too far advanced in life, to be able to enter on new
paths of industry. Last Sunday Mr. and Mrs. Clay
passed with us, in a social, domestic manner — Never
did I see this great man, (for in native point of mind, I
never knew his equal) so interesting — nay fascinating.
I had heard of his possessing this power of captivation,
which no one who was its object could resist, and I have
before seen and felt its influence, but never in the same
degree, as on this occasion. At dinner he sat next to
your father, next to one he knew to be opposed to his
late political course and whom for many years he had,
consequently, seldom seen, but the little differences of
3oo WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
party were forgotten; the patriot to the patriot, who,
however they might differ in the means, had the same
end in view. Meeting on this common ground and
avoiding the late field of combat they conversed on gen-
eral yet interesting subjects, connected with past events.
The characters and administrations of Jefferson and
Madison were analized, and many private anecdotes
were drawn from the memory of each. Mr. Clay pre-
ferred Madison, and pronounced him after Washington
our greatest statesman, and first political writer — He
thought Jefferson had most genius — Madison most
judgment and common sense — Jefferson a visionary and
theorist, often betrayed by his enthusiasm into rash and
imprudent and impracticable measures, Madison cool,
dispassionate, practical, safe. Your father, would not
yield Jefferson's superiority and said he possessed a
power and energy, which carried our country through
difficulties and dangers; far beyond the power of Mad-
ison's less energetic character. "Prudence and caution
— would have produced the same results," insisted Mr.
Clay. After drawing a parellel between these great
men, and taking an historic survey of their political lives,
they both met on the same point, viz. that both were
great and good, and tho' different, — yet equal — We lin-
gered long around the table, after dinner was removed,
listening to this interesting conversation. — When we
returned to the parlour Mr. Clay left us, to take his usual
walk, and Mr. Ward, Mr. Lyon, and General McComb
unexpectedly entered — The weather without was
gloomy, cold and cloudy, but the circle around our bright
fire, was not only cheerful but gay and witty. It was
twilight — rather fire-light when Mr. Clay returned —
Anna Maria relinquished to him, his favorite seat on the
sofa, on which he threw himself, reclining, rather than
i8a9] CLAY AT HIS EASE 301
sitting — How graceful he looked ! — his face was flushed
with exercise and his countenance animated with some
strong emotion. After a while without any previous
observation, half rising from his recumbent position, and
stretching out his arm, "There is not," said he, "at Cairo
or Constantinople, a greater moral despotism than is at
this moment exercised in this city over public opinion.
Why a man dare not avow what he thinks or feels, or
shake hands with a personal friend, if he happens to
differ from the powers that be.,, I shook my head ob-
serving, "Not all, Mr. Clay." "Yes, a///' said he, "who
have anything to lose — and I should not this day be in
your house, if Mr. Smith was not safely laid up in the
Bank." — We all laughed, while I replied "You would not
say so, if you believed so Mr. Clay" — "If the fact were
true," said your father, in his sternest manner "such
men deserve to lose their places, and I would have them
all turned out"— "Oh, Mr. Smith" replied Mr. Clay, his
countenance, his manner, his voice softening into the
most tender and persuasive expression "Oh, Mr. Smith
— we must forgive them — remember they suffer not
alone — their families, their children — think of them, and
who is there would not excuse their timidity." Lan-
guage cannot describe the manner and look with which
this was said — No doubt, his first remark, was elicited,
by some neglect he himself had felt, during his walk —
but how soon was momentary indignation conquered by
generous and tender feelings — He has from nature a
fund of tenderness and sensibility, which even ambition,
that all-absorbing passion, has not had power to dry
up — "The politician has no heart" says Sallust then, even
yet, Henry Clay, is not a thorough politician, for on
many an occasion have I witnessed the irrepressible ten-
derness of a feeling heart — Never can I forget the tears
302 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
he shed, over his dying infant, as it lay in my lap, and he
kneeled by my side — With what deep tenderness did he
gaze on it, until, unable to witness its last agonies, he
impressed a long tender kiss on its pale lips — murmur-
ing out "Farewell, my little one" — and left the chamber
— and the next morning when obliged to speak to me
about the funeral, he walked the room, for some time,
in mournful silence, as if struggling to compose his feel-
ings, so as to be able to give his directions with calm-
ness— "My only difficulty" said he at length, "is to de-
cide on what is my duty — I would fain remain at home
this morning — but I believe it will not do — I have no
right to allow private concerns to interfere with public
duty — No — I must go to the House," (he was then
Speaker) I combatted this, and told him I was certain
the members would not expect him — He still walked the
room in doubt how to act — when the Sergeant at Arms
was announced, and on his entrance, brought him the
condolence of the House, and an offer, if he wished it,
of attending the funeral — "Thank the gentlemen for me,
and tell them I am truly grateful for their indulgence in
excusing my attendance this morning — beyond this I
have nothing to wish and beg they will not put them-
selves to inconvenience — it is an infant — and I wish only
the attendance of my family, and the few friends who
are with us." — -This winter, when he first learnt the
result of the election, instead of depression of spirit his
mind seemed inspired with new vigour and animation as
if relieved from some heavy burthen — suspense was over
— and to a person of his nature, ardent, restless temper-
ament, suspense is the least endurable of all sufferings —
New scenes, new projects opened on his view — like a
wrestler, who had been thrown, but not disabled, he
started up, shook off the dust, and wiped off the sweat of
i829] CLAY'S HIGH SPIRIT 303
the first conflict, and gathering up new strength and reso-
lution— prepared for another combat for the prize of
glory — Such has he seemed to me, since the election was
decided — more elastic, more vigorous, more high
spirited — and I verily believe he is actually happier than
if calmly and securely seated in the presidential chair —
for then there would be none of the activity, energy, and
power of conflict brought into play — excitement is as
necessary to his moral, as stimulus is to his physical ex-
istence— Henry Clay was made for action — not for rest.
— Such was the result of his political affliction — How dif-
ferent its effects from those of private, domestic sorrow !
— When he heard of the excesses of a profligate but still
beloved son — when he heard that son was in prison —
his heart sunk within him — disease was increased by
distress — health and rest forsook him — I alluded to this
in a former letter — the circumstance was then a secret,
and I told you not of it — since, I have discovered it to be
generally known, and therefore tell it you. — For several
weeks Mr. Clay told me, sleep totally forsook him, and
he could procure none but through the aid of anodynes.-
It was a knowledge of this secret sorrow, at the time of
the last Drawing-room that so tenderly excited my sym-
pathy, that I had to retreat to a corner to conceal tears
I could not repress — (but I believe it was to your aunt,
and not to you I described that scene) — When I am writ-
ing on a subject that interests me I cannot stop my pen.
— but from this long digression, let me try and get back
to our own fireside, and the admiring circle that sur-
rounded Mr. Clay — So interesting was his conversation,
so captivating his frank cordial manner, that I could
almost have said with Mr. Lyon — "I could have listened
all night, and many nights with delight" — and with Mr.
Ward have exclaimed "What a treat! It is indeed the
304 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
feast of reason, and the flow of soul." — Washington,
Jefferson, Hamilton, Burr, and many other conspicuous
actors in our National drama were the subjects of dis-
cussion— not only their character, but their actions, and
their motive of action — To read history, is cold, stale,
and unprofitable, compared with hearing it — the elo-
quence of language, is enforced by eloquence of the soul-
speaking eye and persuasive voice — It was past ten
o'clock before Mrs. Clay, usually so early in her hours,
rose to depart — Altogether, this day and evening have
been the most interesting that have occurred this win-
ter— Yesterday, your father accompanied us on a visit
to our new President — I imagine we were the only
ladies, who had not, long before hastened to wait on his
family — but I felt too much on losing my old friends, to
be in haste to pay my respects to their successors — After
sitting awhile with Miss Easton, Mr. Smith asked if the
President saw ladies — She said she would inquire, and
left the room for that purpose — In a few minutes after
she sent our names, General Jackson entered. Mr. S.
introduced us, and he shook hands cordially with each
of us. I asked very frankly of his being unwell, and at-
tributed his indisposition to having too much to do —
the Senate being impatient to rise, and he consequently
having to work night as well as day. Was not this frank
— He shook hands again with each when we went, and
I must say I was much pleased — A carriage — interrupted
— Tuesday 17th.
Two days have passed since I commenced this letter,
during which nothing interesting has occurred — All the
citizens, more or less, have been engaged in the bustle of
the winter, and are glad of quiet — at least all that I
know — There is a complete cessation of parties and visit-
ing— the weather has been bad, another cause for staying
i**9] VISIT TO THE NEW PRESIDENT 305
at home — I have enjoyed this quiet, read and written
more the last week, than in a whole month, before —
We shall remove into the country the beginning of next
month, if the weather allows when will you be here?
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] [1829]
. . . . Mr. Campbell1 seldom visits us. His mind
seems wholly engaged with his affair with Mrs. E.
[aton] — he has injudicious friends who keep alive his
irritation of mind and temper and are urging him on to
make an Exposee of facts which tho' they would free him
from the imputation of a false calumniater, would em-
broil him with the present party, throw him into the arms
of the opposition and in fact make a political tool of
him. The facts he possesses might ruin (it is said) the
Seer, and his wife, but what then. Would it raise him
in public estimation and thereby increase his usefulness?
I think not, and have said so to him, and by so doing,
show less sympathy in his excited feelings, than those
who appear to enter so warmly into his interests and
urge him to publish a book, while in fact I believe they
use him, to promote their own views.
Mrs. E. continues excluded from society, except the
houses of some of the foreigners, the President's and
Mr. V. B.'s. The Dutch Minister's family have openly
declared against her admission into society. The other
evening at a grand fete at the Russian Minister's Mrs.
E. was led first to the supper table, in consequence of
which Mrs. Madm. Heugans and family would not go
to the table and was quite enraged, — for the whole week
1 George W. Campbell of Tennessee was not in office at this time, nor
did he attain national prominence again.
3o6 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i8*9
you heard of scarcely anything else. And it is generally
asserted that if Mr. V. B. our Seer, persists in visiting
her, our ladies will not go to his house. We shall
see. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Sidney] Tuesday, Aug. 16, 1829.
. . . . Tell him I am really surprised he has not
come on to see his President. I can not take to the new
folks. The Presd. and his family sit in the pew behind
us, and I often have the pleasure of pinching his fingers,
as he has the habit of laying his hand on the side of the
pew and I have the habit of leaning back. The first two
or three times of his coming to church, he bowed and I
curtisied after church, and the same with the ladies, but
now we never look at each other. Neither Mr. S. or I
have ever called but once at the White-House and be-
sides representation (we are told) has been made that Mr.
S. is a Clayite, so that we are not in favour at court, and
as little acquainted with the other members of the ad-
ministration. Those citizens who wished for an ac-
quaintance, obtained it very easily, for never before was
the Palace so accessible, — persons of all ranks visit very
sociably I am told, and in return the family accept all in-
vitations and visit the citizens in the most social manner,
and live on more equal and familiar terms, than any other
Presd. family ever has. All my sympathies attach me to
the ex-party.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Thursday, 27, Nover. 1829.
. . . . From mere curiosity I have commenced an
account of our visitors and every morning set down the
number of the previous day. It is three weeks since I
i8a9] JACKSON PAYS A CALL 307
began and the number already amounts to 197, — not all
different individuals, but the aggregate of each days
visitors, who are often the same persons. We have at
least 6 or 7 young gentlemen friends, who are fre-
quently with us. An accidental concurence of circum-
stances has obliged us to have more invited company
within this period, than we generally have within treble
that time. Mrs. Randolph I believe I told you was set-
tled among us and very near our house. I see her almost
daily, and feel it incumbent upon me, in her present
altered condition, to pay her every possible attention. I
therefore had a party for her, wishing to make known
to her and her to them, my most agreeable acquaintances.
On this occasion I opened both rooms and did my best to
give her an agreeable party. Then came Mr. Biddle,
President of the Bank, and Mr. Smith had to give him
a dinner party. (I would rather give a dozen evening
parties.) To this we asked Mr. Gallatin and some of the
members of the Cabinet. Mr. Berrian, whom we all ad-
mire, nay almost love, was one. Truly he is a most
charming man. We shall, I expect, be quite social neigh-
bors, as Mr. Smith is as much taken with him as any
of us
Dear Mrs. Randolf! How I wish my dear sisters
that you knew her. Whenever she has visits to return,
I call for and accompany her. Several mornings have
been thus engaged. Yesterday I went with her to the
President's to introduce her to Mrs. Donaldson.1 She
was very much affected on entering the house, and with
tender emotion pointed out to her daughter, the differ-
ent apartments. "That was my dear Father's cabinet,
that, his favorite sitting room, that — was my chamber
and that, girls, was your nursery." Thus, as we passed
1 Wife of Andrew Jackson Donelson, the President's private Secretary.
3o8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
through the Hall and long passages, to the Lady's draw-
ing-room on the second floor, did she designate each
room. When we were going away, I enquired of Mrs.
Donaldson, whether we could look into the East-Room,
she answered in the affirmative and had she known a
little more of the usages of good society, she would have
accompanied Mrs. R. to that and other apartments. But
she let her go without this attention. Mrs. Donaldson
had previously called on Mrs. Randolph, not waiting for
the first visit. The President too, called to see her, in
all due form, the Seer, of State wrote a note to Mr.
Triste enquiring of him, if Mrs. Randolf would be at
home at such an hour, on such a morning, when, if at
home, the President would do himself the pleasure of
waiting on her. And so he did, accompanied by the
Seer, of State. He demonstrated great kindness and ex-
pressed his hopes that she would be a frequent visitor at
his house. The next day the ladies of his family called
on her. She has been very generally visited and her visit-
ing list is filled as fast as she empties it. I shall as far
as is in my power give her the use of our carriage and do
every thing I can to prove the tender regard and high
esteem I feel for her.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Deer 27, 1829.
. . . . She1 and Mrs. Randolph are the only
women here, with whom I wish, in addition to my old
friends, Mrs. Thornton and Bomford, to cultivate an in-
timate acquaintance. Mrs. Randolph and her family I
see almost daily. The round of company in which she
has been involved lately has made her sick. I passed part
*Mrs. Rush.
i829] WEBSTER'S REPLY TO HAYNE 309
of a morning this week by her bed-side. Some reference
was made to Monticello. Her father's image which is
seldom absent from her mind, was thus recalled. "This"
said she, taking up the down cover-lit, which was over
her, "was the one he used for 40 yrs. and this bed was
his." — The one, I imagine, on which his last hours were
past, for she stopped, choked by emotion and could not
restrain her tears, tho' she concealed them by drawing
the bedclothes over her face.
Never have I known of a union between any two
beings so perfect as that which almost identified this
father and daughter. I am sure you would love Mrs.
R., — so soft, gentle, mild and affectionate, in disposi-
tion, voice, and manners, with a mind so refined and culti-
vated and a character firm and energetic. It is a pity
that her extreme modesty throws a veil over her virtues
and talents, which is withdrawn only by great intimacy.
She has been treated with the greatest attention and re-
spect by all the citizens as well as the officials. When
she dined at Mr. V. B.'s he led her first to the table, even
before the ladies of the President's family, and at the
President's house, Genl. Jackson led her before the Sena-
tor's or Seers, ladies. And as our system of etiquette
is more rigidly observed than it ever was before, Mrs. R.
is thus placed at the head of society.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington,] Janur. 26. 1830.
. . . . The wind is blowing high and cold, the
streets filled with clouds of dust. We have had no
weather all winter so cold. I have fixed myself close
by a blazing fire to write to you this morning without
3io WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
much fear of being interrupted, for almost everyone
is thronging to the capitol to hear Mr. Webster's reply
to Col. Hayne's1 attack on him and his party. A de-
bate on any political principle would have had no such
attraction. But personalities are irrisistible. It is a
kind of moral gladiatorship, in which characters are torn
to pieces, and arrows, yes, poisoned arrows, which tho'
not seen, are deeply felt, are hurled by the combatants
against each other. The Senate chamber, is the pres-
ent arena and never were the amphitheatres of Rome
more crowded by the highest ranks of both sexes than
the senate chamber is. Every seat, every inch of ground,
even the steps, were compactly filled, and yet not space
enough for the ladies — the Senators were obliged to
relinquish their chairs of State to the fair auditors who
literally sat in the Senate. One lady sat in Col. Hayne's
seat, while he stood by her side speaking. I cannot
but regret that this dignified body should become such
a scene of personality and popular resort, it was sup-
posed yesterday that there were 300 ladies besides their
attendant beaux on the floor of the Senate. The two
galleries were crowded to overflowing with the People,
and the house of Reprs. quite deserted. Our govern-
ment is becoming every day more and more democratic,
the rulers of the people are truly their servants and
among those rulers women are gaining more than their
share of power. One woman has made sad work here;
to be, or not to be, her friend is the test of Presidential
favour. Mr. V. B. sided with her and is consequently
the right hand man, the constant riding, walking and
visiting companion. The P and his friend Genl.
1The great debate between Webster and Hayne took place January
1 5-26, and on the day Mrs. Smith wrote Webster delivered his most famous
speech.
i83o] GOV. BRANCH'S "CRUSH PARTY" 311
E., while the other members of the cabinet, are looked
on coldly — some say unkindly and enjoy little share in
the councils of state. Mr. Calhoun, Ingham, his de-
voted friend, Branch and Berrian form one party, the
Prd., V. B., Genl. E. and Mr. Bary1 the other. It is
generally supposed that, as they cannot sit together, some
change in the Cabinet must take place. Meanwhile, the
lady who caused this division, is forced notwithstanding
the support and favour of such high personages to with-
draw from society. She is not received in any private
parties, and since the 8th of January has withdrawn
from public assemblies. At the ball given on that oc-
casion, she was treated with such marked and universal
neglect and indignity, that she will not expose herself
again to such treatment. Genl. E., unable to clear his
wife's fair fame, has taken his revenge by blackening
that of other ladies, one of whose husbands ( ) has
resented it in such a manner, that it was universally be-
lieved he would receive a challenge. But Genl. E. has
very quietly pocketed the abuse lavished on him. This
affair was for two weeks the universal topic of conversa-
tion. Mr. Campbell, as the original cause of all this up-
roar and difficulty, felt so miserable for a whole week,
while a duel was daily expected, that he said it wholly
unfitted him for everything else. It is only as it regards
our young pastor, that I take any interest in this affair.
On his account I greatly regret it, for so completely has
it occupied his time and his mind that it has rendered
him incapable of attending to his ministerial or pastoral
duties, to such a degree as to produce great dissatis-
faction in his congregation. He has received a call from
Albany, with the offer of a salary of $2000, and I rather
1 William T. Barry, of Kentucky, appointed by Jackson Postmaster
General.
3i2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
think he will accept it, if he does we shall lose a good
preacher but nothing more. The admiration excited
by his sermons has spoiled him for a faithful Pastor, —
a humble minister of the gospel. He is an elegant,
polished, agreeable young man, of brilliant talents, of
bland and pleasing manners. He seldom visits us, and
none of that intimacy and confidence and interest has
taken place, which I would desire should connect me
and mine with our Pastor.
Since Christmas we have, comparatively to what we
were before, been quite retired and domestic. The gay
season, then commenced — large parties, every night —
these we do not like. Gov. Branch's crush-party sick-
ened me of them and we have declined 12 or 13 invi-
tations. We have three for this week but shall not
accept of one. But most folks are fond of them and our
neighbors and beaux among the rest, so that instead of
participating of our fire-side pleasures they sought these
of drawing rooms and Balls. The less we go out the
less we are inclined to go out, so that we shall soon,
if we go on at this rate, live as retired as we did at
Sidney. Yet it is seldom we are quite alone ; when we
are, one of the girls reads aloud and thus pleasantly
beguiles the evening. I have visited but few strangers.
Mrs. Frelinghuysen is among that few. I want to ask
her to pass an evening, but if I do there are so many
others that I must ask, and I feel so little inclined to
give a party, that I fear to undertake it; as for a plain
tea-drinking, she would not think it worth while to get
a hack to come to one. The city is thronged with
strangers, fashionable ladies from all quarters, a great
many mothers with daughters to show off, a great many
young ladies coming to see relatives and to be seen by
the public and all coming in such high ton and expen-
i83o] MRS. RANDOLPH'S FAMILY 313
sive fashions, that the poor citizens can not pretend to
vie with them and absolutely shrink into insignficance,
We have made no interesting acquaintances. I prom-
ised myself more pleasure than I have realized in my
intercourse with Mrs. Randolph. Her family is so very,
very large that I can never see her alone; besides she
and her 4 daughters are continually, almost every night
in company and when disengaged are happy to find rest
and quiet by themselves at home. Our young folks do
not take to each other as I hoped. Her daughters can
bear no comparrison to her, tho' they are very amiable
and intelligent. When all this turmoil of gaiety is
over, I hope to see more of her. She is completely
wearied, but thinks it advantageous to her family to
mix in society. My Julia is quite recovered and we are
all quite well and I think quite contented, which is the
highest degree of happiness we should expect. May
you dear sister and those you love be blessed with it.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
March 31st, 1830. Washington.
. . . . Since I began this letter I have had several
interruptions, — first came Joseph Dougherty, the favor-
ite and confidential servant of Mr. Jefferson, while he
resided in Washington. He is an Irishman, and has all
the glow of affection and enthusiasm peculiar to his
nation. With a good education and natural intelligence
he acquired in his long service a degree of elevation and
refinement of feelings and views, seldom or ever found
in his class. He sat at least an hour, talking of the dear
old Man, as he called him, and telling me anecdotes
about his private life, which only a favorite domestic
3i4 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
could tell. He was in the midst of a minute detail of
Mr. J.'s distribution of every hour of the day, from sun
rise until bed time, when Mrs. Cutts entered. "Well,"
exclaimed he, "here are three of us, who can testify of
the good old times!" When Mrs. Randolph arrived in
the city, he waited on her, and after urging his services
(gratuitous and friendly) he finished by saying, "Do,
madam, make me of use to you, and believe me, I will
now be a more faithful and devoted servant to you, than
I ever was while you lived in the President's house."
He is never weary of reciting Mr. J.'s praises. "His
whole life was nothing but good," said he, — "it was his
meat and drink, all he thought of and all he cared for,
to make every body happy. Yes, the purest body." He
was sure nobody could know without loving and blessing
him. The entrance of other company, made him with-
draw, and after Dr. Seawell and Mrs. Brown went, Col.
Bomford came in and sat more than an hour. Thus has
my rainy morning been stolen from me, which I had
appropriated to letter writing.
I have been much engaged lately in reading Mr. Jef-
ferson's correspondence.1 Seated at my chamber window
from whence I could see the President's house, terrace
and garden. I often withdraw my eyes from the book
to look at the place which once knew him, but knows him
now no more. "And is it possible," I said to myself,
"that I have been the familiar companion of this man
who will be hereafter looked upon, as we now look upon
Cicero, and other great men of antiquity, — that I have
conversed with him of the events recorded in these pages,
and which will constitute some of the most important
facts in the history of mankind? — that I have walked
1" Memoirs, Correspondence, and Miscellanies of Thomas Jefferson," by
Thomas J. Randolph (4 vols. Boston, 1820).
i83o] JEFFERSON'S SERVANT 315
with him on that Terrace, sat by his domestic fire-side
and been with him in the still more sacred seclusion of his
daughters sick-chamber?" How like a dream it appears.
I wish every body would read these letters, and not a few
selected ones, most unfavorable to his character. Take
them all in all, and they present examples of candour,
impartiality, benevolence, and wisdom, seldom, if ever
equalled. Cicero's correspondence can bear no com-
parison as to intellectual excellence. Whatever his opin-
ions on religion were, they were not negligently made
up. His researches were deep and extensive. And the
result of these researches, was conviction of the truth
of the system he adopted, but at the same time of the most
perfect tollerance towards other men's opinions. "I
judge of every man's faith, by his life," said he in a letter
to me, "and I wish my fellow citizens to judge of mine
by the same test." Mrs. Randolph has lent me, one work
of his, that shows the interest he took in the subject of
religion. It is selections from the four Gospels, so ar-
ranged as to give the complete history of the life, pre-
cepts and doctrines of Jesus Christ, without the repetition
which is found in the different gospels. His mode was
to cut out of each portions which by being connected gave
in one view a more clear and complete account, than
when found scattered through the different gospels, and
this not in one language, but in Greek, Latin, French
and English. He always speaks of Christ as one of the
greatest of reformers and wisest and best of men, and
his system of morals as the most pure and sublime of any
ever given to man. His religion he considers to be pure
deism. The worship, purely spiritual, independant of all
external forms. Never was a death more serene and
happy than Mr. J.'s. Mrs. R. not only detailed every
particular and word of the last hours of his life, but has
3i6 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
shown me the last lines he ever wrote. They were ad-
dressed to her, written during his last illness, when every
hope of life was fled, — entitled "a death-bed adieu."
He put them in her hand the day before his death, say-
ing with a placid smile and tender voice, "that is for you,
my daughter." She did not open the little pocket-book
in which they were enclosed until some days after his
death. In these lines which are in verse he bids her not
to weep at an event which would crown all his hopes, —
that his last pang would be in parting from her, but that
he would carry her love and memory to the two happy
spirits (her mother and sister) who were waiting to re-
ceive him.
' TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
August ist, 1830. Sidney.
. . . . I am sorry for your sake Mr. W.[irt] did
not remain in B. His conversation would have charmed
you as much as his oratory, — his manners in the domes-
tic circle have a charm peculiar to himself. The last
evening I passed with this charming family, previous to
their leaving Washington, he appeared in a more amia-
ble and affecting light than I had ever seen him. He
was reclining in one corner of a sopha, and while he con-
versed with me in the most animated manner, he would
occasionally turn to his lovely daughter, whose head was
leaning on his shoulder, and who with playful fondness
was patting his cheek, or twining her fingers in the curls
that shaded his temples, and look on her with a pride
and tenderness words could not have expressed. There
is a great deal of this caressing manner between him and
his children; they seem to love one another, as compan-
i83o] JACKSON'S IMBECILITIES 317
ions and friends of the same age love each other and yet
without any dereliction of that respect which accom-
panies affection for a parent. In truth I never met with
a family like them, — every individual bears the stamp of
genius — genius, with all its ardent affections, enthusi-
asm and eccentricity. There is as much heart as there
is brain in their composition; were it otherwise, one
might admire without loving them. Mrs. Wirt has least,
perhaps none from nature, but she could not live 30
years with Mr. W. without catching some portion of his
powerful and glowing genius. She is a woman of sound
common sense, a great manager and economist and has
made Mr. Wirt the useful and respectable character he
now is. "Yes," said an old friend, who was giving me
the family history, "all he now is, he owes to his wife."1
Genius is too often a meteor that dazzles the blind, an
ignis fatuus that lures to danger, instead of guiding to
safety. Such, in his youth, it proved to Mr. W. He
was an almost lost and ruined man, both in morals and
fortune, when he married the excellent wife, whose pru-
dence and affection snatched him from the dangers that
surrounded him and has since been his guard and sup-
port. I wish she had accompanied him and you could
have become acquainted with her. Yet, this could not
have been done, in one way, not in many interviews, her
disposition is too reserved to allow of her being easily
known. I never heard of any one that was confidentially
intimate with her, or indeed, at all intimate, yet such is
the sweetness and softness of her manners, that she con-
ciliates affection in spite of her coldness and reserve.
She is wholly devoted to her husband and children, — to
1 She was Elizabeth Gamble, second daughter of Col. Richard Gamble, a
merchant of Richmond. Wirt was a widower twenty-nine years old when
he married her in 1802, after he had been put on probation for a period by
Col. Gamble before he would give his consent.
3i8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
live in them and for them — and does not disguise her in-
difference to all other things and persons, so that with
all her merit, she is not popular in general society, but
is proportionably dear to the few to whom she is well
known and to whom she unveils herself. Lovely as her
daughters are, I often fear for their happiness; they are
hot-house plants, that will never bear an exposure to the
cold and rude air of common life. Their health seems
as fragile, as their characters are delicate. I cannot
reconcile Mrs. W.'s artificial and refined system of edu-
cation, with that sound, practical common sense, which
she has discovered in her other duties. ....
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
August 29, 183 1, Sidney.
. . . . What does Lytleton now think of Genl.
Jackson ? The papers do not exaggerate, nay do not de-
tail one half of his imbecilities. He is completely under
the government of Mrs. Eaton, one of the most ambitious,
violent, malignant, yet silly women you ever heard of.
You will soon see the recall of the dutch minister an-
nounced. Madm. Huygen's spirited conduct in refusing
to visit Mrs. E. is undoubtedly the cause. The new Cabi-
net if they do not yield to the President's will on the
point, will, it is supposed, soon be dismissed. Several of
them in order to avoid this dilemma, are determined not
to keep house or bring on their families. Therefore, not
keeping house, they will not give parties and may thus
avoid the disgrace of entertaining the favorite. It was
hoped, on her husband's going out of office, she would
have left the city, but she will not. She hopes for a com-
i83i] JACKSON IN HIS DOTAGE 319
plete triumph and is not satisfied with having the Cabinet
broken up and a virtuous and intelligent minister recalled,
and many of our best citizens frowned upon by the Presi-
dent. Our society is in a sad state. Intrigues and para-
sites in favour, divisions and animosity existing. As for
ourselves, we keep out of the turmoil, seldom speak and
never take any part in this troublesome and shameful
state of things. Yet no one can deny, that the P.'s weak-
ness originates in an amiable cause, — his devoted and
ardent friendship for Genl. Eton. . . .
TO MRS. SAMUEL BOYD
Sidney, August 29, 183 1.
. . . . I called the other day to see Mrs. McClean,
I found her precisely the same frank, gay, communica-
tive woman she ever was. She pulled off my bonnet that
I might be more at ease, threw herself on the sofa and
made me lounge by her, where we had a long talk about
England, viz., she had, while I listened, well pleased.
She mentioned you and your kind invitation. She is
evidently very much elated with her past and present
dignity, but her self-complacence is united with so much
good humour to others, that it is not offensive. She will
have as difficult a part to play in society as her husband
will in office, as she, as well as he, must be under the
influence, I was going to say, despotism of the President's
will. And altho' I sincerely believe him to be a warm,
kind-hearted old man, yet so passionate and obstinate,
that such a subserviency must be very galling and hard
to bear. In truth, the only excuse his best friends can
make for his violence and imbecilities, is, that he is in
32o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Aug.
his dotage. His memory is so frail, that he can scarcely
remember from one day to the other what he says or
what he does;1 but while his mind has lost its vigour,
his passicfhs retain all their natural force, unrestrained
by the only power that ever could restrain them, his good
and most beloved wife. Van Buren stood them as long
as he could, but unable to govern or direct judgment so
weak and passions so strong, he escaped from the increas-
ing difficulties of His station, and most kindly and disin-
terestedly changed places with his friend. Before many
months are over, I suspect that friend will not thank
him for his disinterested kindness. It is said the gentle-
men of the present cabinet, mean to act in strict unison
and thus by their united power oppose all injudicious,
foolish or injurious measures, hoping this union will
make their power irresistible, but I suspect the secret,
continually applied influence of Mrs. E. will continue to
govern and direct the feelings and will of the good old
man. We will see. Mrs. E. can not be forced or per-
suaded to leave Washington. Her triumph, for so she
calls the dissolution of the cabinet, her triumph she says
is not yet complete. All her adversaries are not yet
turned out of office, to be sure, three secretaries and a
foreign minister are dismissed, but Mr. and Mr. and Mr.
remain, they too must go, and she must be received into
society, and she hopes and believes that next winter the
present Cabinet ministers will open their doors for her.
Mrs. McClean has already committed herself on this
point. Previous to her going to England, when on a visit
here, in direct violation to the most violent asseverations
previously made, she visited this lady, and instantly be-
came a great favorite with the Pres'd. If she follows up
this system, she will doubtless gain great influence with
1 Mrs. Smith was never more mistaken in her life.
i83i] MRS. McLANE AND MRS. EATON 321
him, but will lose proportionately in society. I am sorry
she so committed herself, for the question in society is
not so much about Mrs. E., as the principle, whether vice
shall be countenanced. And she has placed herself in
the sad predicament of acting in the affirmative to this
important question. Alas, what will not ambition do
with the very best of us? I am glad I have not been
brought to the trial, for when I see such a high minded
woman yield to its delusive power, I would not answer
for myself. She is now looking for a house, and when
one is found, means after going home, to return next
month and form her establishment. Were it not for the
E. affair, I think she would make a very popular lady-
secretaress, almost as much so as dear, good, lovely, and
lamented Mrs. Porter. Oh how every one loved that
woman! I do not anticipate any intimacy. Our hus-
bands are too different in their views and feelings, and
I fear she and I will be equally so. Yet she is a charming
woman and I am always entertained and delighted in
her society, but I every year am more and more wearied
from the world of fashion, more and more attached to
our fire-side circle. My ambition is, I think, conquered.
I have philosophised myself out of its enthralling
power. The shifting scenes I have gazed on for thirty
years have convinced me of the emptiness and vanity,
and unsatisfactory nature of the honors and pleasures.
What changes have I witnessed! What is popularity,
what is celebrity, what is high station ? Objects of pain-
ful anxiety in pursuit, of dissatisfaction and disappoint-
ment, when attained, and when lost, empty and unsub-
stantial as a dream. Domestic Life ! There alone is
happiness. I have tried all the pleasures of the gay world
and never found any half as satisfying and enduring as
these I have enjoyed in my solitary chamber with my
322 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Nov.
books and pen. Such are my views and feelings in the
country, God grant, the city may have no power to
change them. -Farewell dear Maria, my paper admits
not of another line.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, 1831. Novr. 7th, Sunday afternoon.
. . . . But how changed our circle since the first
winter ! There are none now in the city, Mrs. Thornton,
Seaton and Bomford excepted, that we care one half as
much for as those that Genl. Jackson displaced. We
have several new neighbours. How we shall like them,
time must determine. An Empress, an ex-Minister's
widow and Mrs. Secretary McClean are among these
nearest to us. Madame Iturbide, the former Empress
of Mexico, is close to us. We could, were we so inclined,
almost shake hands from our back windows.
Sister Gertrude,1 the nun, who last spring escaped from
the convent at George Town, is an 'inmate of her family,
in fact, an adopted daughter and has the whole charge of
her three daughters. Sister Gertrude I knew well in
her childhood, saw now and then through the convent
grate and on one occasion when accidently alone with
her, offered if she wished to leave it, to communicate her
desire to her relatives, but she then said she was con-
fined more by her own inclination, than by her vows, or
the walls that surrounded her. I shall try to renew our
acquaintance.
My dear Mrs. Randolph, has removed far away,
1 She was a Miss White, of Montgomery Co., Md. She never disclosed
her reasons for leaving the convent, and continued to attend the Catholic
Church.
Mrs. William Thornton.
After a water-color by Dr. Thornton in the posses-
sion of J. Henley Smith, Washington.
i83i] SISTER GERTRUDE 323
almost to George Town, — quite out of my walking capac-
ity. She has been absent since May, but is daily ex-
pected back.
With the exception of good Mrs. Newal's family, all
my other neighbours are gayer folks than we have any
desire to be, for this in every sense of the word is the
West end of the city. Elizabeth Wirt, now Mrs. Edds-
borough arrived a few days since. She is to live in her
father's former house, and I suppose some of the family
will always be with her. Mrs. Wirt and Catharine ac-
companied her. We called yesterday, the Bride, groom
and bridesmaid, (viz. Catherine) were all in deep black,
but they were quite gay and happy. I did not see Mrs.
Wirt. She had been so much agitated by meeting her
friend Mrs. Lear, that she could not venture to see any
other of her friends. She returned yesterday to Balti-
more. Mr. Farley, Catherine's disappointed lover, lives
in a house exactly opposite to Eddsbourough. I won-
der if such close neighbourhood, will not reunite the
lovers. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Friday, Deer. 9th, 1831.
. How little did I imagine when I closed my last letter
to you my dearest sister, that more than two weeks
would pass without my resuming my pen and commenc-
ing the journalizing letter I promised. But so it is, —
my time does not seem at my own command, it is stolen
from me by the force of circumstances, yet — circumstan-
ces so insignificant as not to deserve being recorded. My
visiting list is one of the smallest of any lady in Wash-
ington,— yet to keep up an interchange with only 70 or
324 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
80 persons consumes almost all my morning hours. One
day when I was visiting with Mrs. Porter and remarked
incidentally here is the list of visits I owe, at least 50,
" Oh how happy you are," said she, " only look at mine,
it exceeds 500." Now this does not appear to you a more
silly custom than it does to me. But what is to be done ?
Why, either to give up society, or conform to its estab-
lished customs, at least partially and moderately conform,
and that is all I do, — and had I not young persons in the
family, I really would give it up and live .*
Being a stormy day I thought I should write without in-
terruption, but two have occurred since I began writing,
— one a poor and worthy woman with whom I had a long
talk, the last one of the most amiable and agreeable
young men, — Lieut. Farley,2 the discarded lover of Cath-
arine Wirt. He is handsome, highly informed, in fact
an intellectual man and of most exemplary morals.
Catherine is here, living close by him, and is said to be
very unhappy. He is so indignant at the treatment he has
received, that it is said his love is conquered and to all
appearance he is as happy as ever. But I rather think
it is only pride gives him this appearance.
Our good friend Mrs. Clay has arrived. Altho' it
was a snow storm the day after her arrival, Ann and I
hastened to welcome her back and sat the whole of a
long morning with her. She looks ill and unhappy, an^
much cause has she, poor woman, for her unhappiness.
Her two eldest sons are living sorrows to her, which all
who have had the trial, say are the most difficult afflic-
tions to bear. One, irreclaimably dissipated, the other
insane and confined in a hospital. Mr. Clay is borne up
1 So in the MS.
2 John Farley, who did not renew his suit to Miss Wirt, but married Anna
Maria Pearson of Washington. He resigned from the Army and entered
the Coast Survey.
I
i83i] MRS. SMITH'S VISITS 325
by the undying spirit of ambition, — he looks well and
animated, and will be this winter in his very element, —
in the very vortex of political warfare. With his un-
rivaled and surpassing talents, his winning and irresistibly
attractive manners, what is it he cannot do? We shall
see, but I shall think it strange if he does not succeed
in all his aims. He has been received with marked defer-
ence and respect, and altho' the President of the Senate
is an administration man, he has been placed on some of
the most important committees. Mr. Adams1 in the
lower House [receives] still more marked and cordial
attentions. Judge Wayne2 told me yesterday, it was
really gratifying to see party-spirit so subjugated to a
better feeling, — that every day, men of all parties,
crowded round him to testify their respect and good
will.
Govr. Barbour and his family are likewise here. We
called yesterday to see them, — it is really a great pleasure
to meet those with whom we had lived so cordially and
agreeably. How glad I should be to get all our old
friends back again and not to feel as we now feel, sur-
rounded by strangers, — with hostile feelings or absolute
indifference. Mrs. McClane sat some time with me
yesterday, poor woman, — her new honors are not without
thorns, and she feels them acutely.
Mrs. Livingston3 takes the lead in the fashionable world
and Mr. L. is trying to take the lead in the political.
Neither Mr. or Mrs. McC. are people who will willingly
follow, and it is already rumoured that much conflict and
dissatisfaction exists in the Cabinet. The President has
1 John Quincy Adams was elected a Representative in 1831 by the Anti-
Mason party.
2 James Moore Wayne, then Representative from Georgia, appointed
Judge of the Supreme Court in 1835.
3 She was Louise D'Avezac, the widow of a Jamaica planter, Moreau, and
had married Mr. Livingston in New Orleans in 1805.
326 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
had a nuptual fete in his family, on the marriage of his
adopted son, which gave rise to some difficulties respect-
ing etiquette. He, (the Presd.) communicated to Mr.
McC. his design that the Secretary of State should always
take precedence of the foreign ministers at table, but
that the rest of the. Cabinet should follow the foreign
ministers. Mr. McC. said this was an arrangement
which he could not yield — that in the Council chamber as
the Secretary of State was constitutionally entitled to the
first seat next the President, he had no hesitation in
yielding it to him, but in all other places, he claimed
absolute equality and could not yield to so marked a
distinction as the President proposed, that he con-
sidered the Cabinet as a unit. The argument was car-
ried on some time. At last the President consented that
all the members of the Cabinet should precede the for-
eign ministers, and that the President should lead Mrs.
Livingston. This order was settled, and announced by
his Private Seer, to the company. On learning it, the
French minister urged the Dutch minister, as the oldest
resident, to resist such an innovation and to maintain the
right of precedence for the foreign ministers. Accord-
ingly Mr. Huggins, remonstrated with the Private Seer,
(the company all standing, dinner having been an-
nounced). The Private Seer, communicated the diffi-
culty to the President. He at once, good humouredly
said, "Well, I will lead the Bride, it is a family fete, — so
we will wave all difficulties, and the company will please
to follow as heretofore."
Now, triffiing as this affair will appear, it may have
serious political consequences. The Presd. and foreign
ministers are dissatisfied with the Seer, of the Treasury,
and the poor man is not of a temper to conciliate dissatis-
factions,— and then too, the Seer, of State will resent the
Dr. William Thornton.
After a water-color by himself in the possession of
J. Henley Smith, Washington.
i83i] ANOTHER BLOW-UP PROBABLE 327
resistance made to the honor designed him by the Presi-
dent, and the ill will thus engendered between the two
first members of the Cabinet will doubtless influence their
deliberations. And the Presdt. himself, never yet could
bear opposition. The Bank question has been another
point of controversy, so much so, that joined with various
little matters, a member of congress told a friend of ours,
he should not be surprised at another blow up. If these
details do not amuse you and the girls, I am sure they
will Lytleton, and as he is an invalid, I should be glad to
make him smile amidst his pains, but bid him remember
they are very confidential, and might bring me in a scrape
if made known, for folks would guess his informer. Mrs.
Eaton's affair, at the beginning, was but a spark, but
what a conflagration did it cause. — Good morning, I am
called to dinner, — it is four oclock, and my fingers are
numbed, — the ground is covered with our fifth fall of
snow and the clouds look heavy with another, — what a
winter !
Saturday morning. I had just seated myself by the
centre table in the parlour, — my usual seat, and taken my
pen to write you a few lines, when Mr. and Mrs. Everet1
came in, — they are very sensible, agreeable people, but
would be still more so if not so formal and precise. Mrs.
Van Ransalear, in describing Mrs. E. to me the first
winter she was here, said the gentlemen called her a
hoity-toity woman. In our formal morning visits, I have
seen nothing of this kind, she is the perfect lady, in ap-
pearance and manners, without pretensions of any kind.
The girls sit of a morning in the dining room, which
opens from this, where they read and sew together, sel-
dom coming in to receive company, unless it is some one
whom they particularly wish to see, with the exception of
1 Edward Everett was then serving in the House.
328 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
Julia, however, who always sits by me. After dinner and
through the evening, all the girls come into the parlour
and Mr. Smith and Bayard sit and read and write in the
dining room. When we are alone, which is seldom the
case, one of us reads aloud and the others sew, but few
evenings pass without one, two or more visitors, and
then chess, musick, back gammon &c. take the place of
books and work. Last evening it was such bad weather,
that we were certain of being alone and were comfortably
seated with our books and work, when the bell rung and
Mrs. Gurley and Mr. Colton, (a young clergyman) came
in. She had brought her work, and Mr. C. wanted to
play chess with me ; so our circle was enlarged, without
putting aside our work. Mr. Gurley,1 (the model of my
Sidney Jones) and Secretary to the Colonization Society is
a most interesting man ; in his books, a hero of romance ;
in his temper and life, one of the most perfect Christians
I ever knew. He is our near neighbour and were he not
so constantly and laboriously engaged would be a fre-
quent visitor, for he seems to like us as much as we like
him. His wife is very young, very beautiful and in-
genuous and simple as a child, — not much mental strength
or improvement but truly lovable. Mr. Colton is a so-so
Yankee, a chaplain in the navy. Last night they staid
until eleven, but at 9 oclock I, as usual, slipped out of the
room with my Sue and went to our room, for she sleeps
in my chamber. She has been so well for some weeks
past, that when amused, she has generally sat up as
late as the family. She is much better than I expected
or even hoped. If the cough would yield, I should be
quite easy, as in other respects she is better than she
was last winter. She does not like to be treated as an
invalid, and will not let me have any little delicacy pre-
1 Ralph Randolph Gurley, a Presbyterian, one of the founders of Liberia.
i83i] MR. AND MRS. GURLEY 329
pared exclusively for her and when I make jelly or
blanc mange, will not eat it unless all the family partake
of it. Never did I know any one so little selfish. She
gets wearied of sitting up and sewing and to lie down on
a sopha and read is the only indulgence she allows her-
self, and reproaches herself with laziness for doing that.
She has a small bed at the foot of mine, enclosed in a
screen. She drinks red pepper tea through the day and
takes the syrup of squads mixed with paragoric at night,
and always carries a box of hoarhound candy or jujube
of which she uses a great deal. I at times can scarcely
believe she is the subject of a dangerous disease. Surely
of all the diseases that assail the human frame, this is
the most easy, as it is the most insidious, — no pain, no
uncomfortable feelings, for the slight and occasional
fever is pleasant and exhilerating. Is it possible it is
undermining life? I cannot at times realize it. My
hopes of her recovery are much strengthened of late, —
at least of the continuance of life for many years. I have
heard of so many similar cases, where the patient lived
for 10, 15, 20 years.
Ann has gone out this morning on her society duties,
to distribute clothes to the poor. We have several fam-
ilies under our care in whom we take peculiar interest.
Good Mrs. Brush and her grand daughter, is the one that
we most care for. In her old age, she is totally depend-
ant on her friends for support, being disabled by sickness
as well as old age from doing anything for herself. So
humble, so pious, so cheerful, so contented, — I never saw
such a sufferer. Her life is an eloquent sermon, it is
practical Christianity. Through how many hours of ill-
ness has she attended me! And Mrs. Lawyer Jones1
1 Wife of Walter Jones who was a leader of the District bar for many
years.
33o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
and Mrs. Seaton, she was with the latter at the suc-
cessive deaths of five children, and she endeared herself
to us all. So you may believe in her helplessness, she
wants for no comfort. Another interesting sufferer is
an old English woman, 84 years old, without a single
acquaintance or relation on whom she has any claim, ex-
cepting such as humanity supplies. She is a mysterious
personage, a woman of fine education and delicate ap-
pearance,— report says, the daughter of a nobleman, who
eloped in early life with a husband of inferior birth.
Last week when I visited her, she was in such a dread-
fully nervous state, that all the usual remedies failed;
after administering laudanum and ether, ineffectually, I
at last forced her to lie down, and succeeded in keeping
her in bed, and finally soothed her into tranquillity by
reading, — at first I tried the Bible, but that had not that
continuity of subject that fixed the thoughts, — she said
she loved poetry and that Pope was her favorite, so I
sent to my friend Mr. King, who lived near, and had
recommended Mrs. de la Plane to my care, for a vol and
read three books of the Essay on Man. This lulled and
composed her. Often she exclaimed, How beautiful,
how true, how sublime ! When I read the line, the pur-
port of which was, "He reasons best, who can his soul
submit." "Oh," said she, "that I could submit, then
all would be easy, would be right!" In the evening
Mr. King called to make enquiries. "Did you not
think me crazy," said I, "when I sent for a vol of
Pope for a poor woman?" "Almost," said he laugh-
ing, "at least, thought I to myself, nobody but Mrs. Smith
would think of such a thing!" "Extraordinary cases
require extraordinary remedies." "True," he replied,
"and yours by its success proves it was judicious." I
acted from experience, for often and often, when every-
i83i] AN INTERESTING SUFFERER 331
thing else has failed, I have been relieved from dreadful
nervous attacks by poetry. "Saul was relieved by
musick," observed Mr. King. These nerves a car-
riage It was Cornelia Barbour, daughter of Govr. B.
late minister to England. Her mother and father are
confined to the house by influenza, but I doubt not he
will find his voice to make a long speech in the Conven-
tion. I bade Cornelia, exert her eloquence and the
power of her charms to get Mr. Clay chosen. Oh, how
glad should I be to have old friends back again! Cor-
nelia was as gay, charming and carressing as ever, she
hugged and kissed us heartily. As she went, my friend
Wood came in, his wife is worse. He brought me the
lines I had given him, (for I let him have whatever I
write, he takes such a lively interest in my pen-work)
which I hastily wrote for Louisa Bomford-Leay, — I mean
one evening she was here, to a little party Anna Maria
gave her. The bridal cake was crowned with a pair of
doves (in sugar) This device suggested the lines which
I hastily wrote and twisting the paper with some roses,
suspended it from the united bills of the doves. The
cake was first carried to Louisa. I stood near and told
her the doves had a message for her, — she disengaged
the billet-deux and found these lines :
Gentle Doves, fly, fly away
Swift, to the lovely Bride convey,
Love's own emblem in this flower,
To bloom in her domestic bower.
Her joys be like the winter rose,
Blooming 'till life's last season close.
The Bride and company professed themselves charmed
with the compliment, which at least was something new.
The morning is over, dinner is ready. I have found
so much pleasure in thus chatting with you that my work
332 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
and book have remained untouched. Another week too
has closed. Closed after 7 days of cheerfulness and
peace, be grateful my heart for so many mercies. Dear
sister adieu until next week.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Thursday, 15 Deer. 1831.
. . . . Mrs. Clay just calls. It is really impos-
sible to get this letter finished. I promised to go out
with her, so adieu.
Friday morning. 17th. The morning was so ex-
cessively cold yesterday, that I did not dream of any
one's going out that could stay at home, and had seated
myself to write to you, as I thought for the whole
morning, when Mrs. C. came to claim my promise of
making a course. of morning visits. I did not find it so
cold out as in the house and was on the whole better
for my ride. Altho there is no probability of Mr. C.'s
being chosen President,1 yet the enthusiasm and unani-
mity with which he was chosen as a candidate by the con-
vention could not but be gratifying. Mrs. C. has been
quite sick ; the first day she left the house, she came and
sat most part of the morning with us and asked Ann to
go with her to choose a bonnet &c for she seems to con-
sider us as relatives. Wherever she went yesterday
she was received with demontrations of affection; the
fact is tho' a very plain and unadmired woman either in
mind or manners, she is so kind, good, and above all,
discreet, that I do not think during the many years she
lived here she ever made an enemy, tho' she was not
as popular and admired as other ladies have been. . .
1 He was now in the Senate.
i83i] MR. CALHOUN'S FACE 333
FROM MISS SEDGWICK1
New York i March 1832.
. . . . My dear Mrs. Smith I fear that while I
was in your city I must have appeared to you very cold
and unmoved by your cordial and constant kindness. I
was not so. I saw so much that was new to me, had so
many new subjects of curiosity and interest opened upon
me, that I was the passive recipient of a multitude of
impressions, without being able on my part to make any
demonstrations of feeling. I assure you I brought with
me and shall retain a deep sense of your cordiality and
effective benevolence towards me. I have had much
pleasure in reading your parting gift. You have de-
lineated very common infirmities in our society in a
natural and unoffending manner. It is a great matter to
avoid alarming the pride of the class you would mend.
Of all writers the moral writer has the most difficult
task. The religious teacher comes forth invested with
authority and armed with panoply divine, but he who
would shoot folly as it flies rushes amidst a hostile army,
and for the innocent brush he has given, may receive a
cloud of arrows dipped in gall. I some times think with
Moliere who says somewhere in two very pithy lines,
that there is no folly equal to his who attempts to mend
the world. And yet the best of every age from the
Divine Author of our religion down to the humblest but
sincere follower have been engaged in this mending
work. Then let us believe it a noble one and do not
you, my dear Mrs. Smith, be faint hearted in it. . . .
Mr. Calhoun's pamphlet has here,2 as I presume every
1 Catherine Maria Sedgwick wrote a number of successful novels and
sketches, one of which "Redwood" (1824) being published anonymously
was translated into French and attributed to J. Fenimore Cooper.
2 In reply to General Jackson's charges in the Seminole affair.
334 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Sept.
where, produced a great sensation. I am not addicted
to political reading but the atmosphere of Washington
was still about me, for to tell the honest truth I believe
it was the light of Mr. Calhoun's splendid eye still lin-
gering in my imagination, and I read this with interest
or at least I'll swear to every word of Mr. C.'s letters.
They are written with the pen and spirit of a true
gentleman, a spirit of rectitude, delicacy and refinement,
and I trust he will break the net his enemies have been
weaving around him. The impressions of the un-
prejudiced seem to me to be all in, his favor, and it is the
few and not the mass, in our part of the country, who
look thro' the witching glass of party darkly. Mr. C.'s
face charmed me, it is stamped with nature's aristocracy,
and with honest Caleb I am a thorough believer in
"visnomy." But are we not a happy people to be sit-
ting by our parlor fire-sides and getting up an agitation
with such topics when the nations of Europe are about
to pour their blood like water and tears like rain for
political existence? . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Monday, September 3rd 1832.
[Sidney]
Summer has gone ! It departed in a violent storm
and autumn commenced with weather almost as cold as it
concludes. It is a rainy, a right down rainy day, such
as I love. Seated by my window looking out on the
beautiful hills and on the close surrounding trees, listen-
ing to the pattering of the rain and watching the waving
of the boughs in the wind, I could truly enjoy this aspect
of nature, were it not for the thought of the hundreds
and hundreds of my fellow citizens who must suffer, alas,
is32] PESTILENCE IN WASHINGTON 335
fatally suffer from exposure to this weather. Since the
hard rain on Friday and the cold which succeeded it,
many poor creatures have perished with the cholera.
Although it is two weeks since it made its appearance
in the central part of the city, not a case had occurred in
the eastern or western extremeties. About the middle
of last week a number of cases appeared in the western
part, viz. near Georgetown, in the vicinity of Rock
Creek, the mouth of the Tiber and the canal, — all around
our friend Dr. Sim. He spent the day with us yester-
day and went with us to Rock Creek church. When he
left the city there were within his knowledge eleven
lying dead and five or six who must die in the course of
the day, in that part of the city. We found the hearse
in the church yard, and persons digging the grave of an
old neighbor, but late resident in the city. On Satur-
day morning after eating a hearty breakfast she was
taken ill and at 4 oclock in the afternoon was dead. Al-
though our city has none of the narrow streets and alleys
and filthy wharves, etc., of a commercial city and of a
dense population, it has other local circumstances as
unfavorable to health and as prolific in cases of disease
peculiar to itself. This season especially, several large
public works are going on — The Canal, the McAdamiz-
ing Pennsylvania Avenue, and the opening the ground
for the conveyance of water ; the latter of which requires
digging for miles and through hills, as the source of the
water is distant and far below the level of the reservoir
on Capitol hill. It is a great work, which added to the
others, has drawn to the city at least a thousand laborers,
in addition to our own, most of them Irish. Board-
ing as they must among our poorest citizens, they are
crowded into wretched cabins, where in some cases they
have been found without bedding, seats or tables, — lit-
336 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Sept.
erally lying, sitting and eating on the floor, so closely
packed that they had only room to stretch themselves
out; this is the worst, but others are not much better
off. Thus are they lodged at night after, being exposed
all day to the open air. Bayard says it makes his heart
ache as he goes along the avenue, to see the poor crea-
tures sitting on piles of stones in the burning heat of
the noon day sun, after having been exposed to the cold
fogs of the morning, their heads sunken on their bosoms,
their eyes never raised to the passers by, looking so sad
and diconsolate. For how can they be otherwise,
strangers as they are, working in the midst of disease,
in continual apprehension of its attack, and without any
hope beyond that of being, when attacked, thrown in a
cart and carried to a Hospital, which they fear as they
fear the grave itself ? So averse are the poor generally
and they in particular to going there, that they conceal
the first symptoms, so that when the last stage comes on,
it is commonly fatal. Even then, they are carried by
force, for voluntarily they will not go. Last week about
400 Swiss citizens arrived in the city; not being able to
find better employment, they were obliged to go to
cracking stones on the avenue. Poor souls, when I think
of the hopes that led them from their far off country,
across the wide Atlantic, and the dreadful reverse they
have met with, my heart bleeds for them. The popula-
tion of our city is made up of individuals from all parts
of America, — I was going to say the world, for we have
a great many foreigners, all, in some way or another,
dependent on the government and changing with the
changing administrations, each family standing as it
were by itself and caring only for itself, unconnected by
any of these ties of common interest, which unite the
permanent inhabitants of other cities, and without the
183a] CURES BY BLEEDING 337
bonds of kindred, long acquaintanceship or connections
which form the cement of society, destitute of that pride
of citizenship, that love of country, that home feeling,
which stimulates the people of other cities, to make exer-
tions and sacrifices for the common good. Now, when
assailed by a common calamity, each individual thinks
only of his own security. Efforts are making to awaken
public sympathy, to arouse the principle of humanity.
As yet the disease has attacked only the poor foreigners,
labourers and blacks. When it reaches a more respect-
able class, it will doubtless awaken a deeper interest and
livelier sympathy. But we have no funds, and the ad-
ministrators of the general government do not feel at
liberty to apply public money to the present necessities
of the city. Our papers will give little information as to
the prevalence of the disease. No regular reports are
made by physicians and cannot be of interments, when
the poor and the blacks can without expense or trouble
bury their own dead in the commons.
Friday evening, Sept. 7 The disease is
increasing and spreading to all parts of the city, but the
proportions of deaths have greatly decreased. The sys-
tem of depletion has been found very successful, — bleed-
ing and calomel, the chief agents. No stimulants what-
ever. He [Dr. Sim] brought me a lancet to-day and
gave me instructions how to use it. Of course, only in
cases where medical aid could not be procured and the
risque of not bleeding was greater than its being done by
me. I know not whether in any case I could muster
courage, but it will do no harm to have the lancet. He
told us of some wonderful cases affected by bleeding and
calomel, the doses, immense. It is dark and I must
finish this tomorrow morning.
Saturday morning, 8th. I feel this morning, to use
338 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Sept.
a very vulgar, but very expressive comparison, as limber
as a wet rag and as tremulous as an aspen. For not
only all day and every day are our nerves thus excited,
but often at night
Bayard, by Dr. Sim's express direction, left the city
on Tuesday and is now with us. The cholera was all
around him and no longer confined to the intemperate
and the poor, but extending to those of regular habits
and comfortable circumstances. It is now for my dear
husband only that I have to fear and tremble. Several
cases have occurred near the Bank. If tranquillity of
mind is a preservation, he will be safe, for never did I
see him more calm and firm. He goes into the city
every day, rain or sunshine, and does not come home
until four oclock. While in the city he keeps in his own
room. Poor William who drives him in is dreadfully
afraid, and no wonder, as the disease is so fatal to the
blacks. I suppose three times as many are victims to it
as whites; they and the foreigners, Irish and Swiss are
its peculiar mark. I know not whether you remember
Brown, whose family Mr. Smith bought and whose
daughter died that August you were here. He died
after a few hours illness, and his son who attended on
and buried him, came out directly afterwards to us. He
was not well, I gave him medicine and he is now free
from complaint. All our black people are very much
down-cast, particularly Priscilla, having among the vic-
tims to this pestilence lost several friends. I do all I
can to cheer them, for which they are very grateful.
As long as this north-west wind blows, our neighbors
think we are secure, but fear a southern wind would
bring it into the country
What may almost be called a revival, prevails among
them. Great attention to religion is awakened, num-
i83a] A RELIGIOUS AWAKENING 339
bers have, or are to join the church next Sabbath and I
sincerely hope a great and permanent reform will take
place among our poor labouring class. You will see
in the National Intelligencer, (which I believe Lytleton
takes) notice of Mr. Colton's attendance in the hospitals.
He really does seem like another Apostle. He has a
wonderful influence in the city, although it is but 5 or
6 months since he took Mr. John's place in Trinity
church. He has warmed all his congregation with his
own zeal for the present sufferers. The ladies have
formed themselves into societies, some to make up
clothes for the poor, sick, some to prepare the food for
them and others to take charge of orphans. The two
Miss Tayloes, hitherto the gayest of the gay, most fash-
ionable and world-devoted among our young ladies, are
said to have become very serious under his preaching,
and will most probably join the church. He is a delight-
ful preacher. I shall try and make his acquaintance if
we live to meet next winter. But he looks as if he would
not last so long. Consumption seems to have marked him
for her own. His voice is sepulchral, and very, very
solemn. Last week he preached three times at Rock-
Creek, without neglecting his weekly and Sabbath ser-
vices in the city, and since has been continually occupied
in visiting and comforting the sick. I cannot hear a
word of our minister's being thus engaged. His wife is
a sickly-timid woman, and I fear will use her influence to
keep him back from this trying duty. The spirit of
benevolence during this past week has been completely
aroused in the city and is in active exercise. I feel my
present uselessness and inactivity painfully
Monday morning. Yesterday we had an overflowing
congregation. Old Rock-Creek was crowded. The
circumstances were solemn and affecting. A great
340 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Dec.
many young persons joined the church, with ceremoni-
ous not usual in the Episcopalian church. Quite Meth-
odistical. Dr. Sim, did not accompany us, but came dur-
ing the service and the girls all rode home with him, in
his carriage. No doubt, most of the neighbors, think
they are married. He could not pass the day, — some of
his patients were to ill to spare him so long. The disease
continues rapidly to extend and increase but has become
so manageable that not many deaths occur. My fine col-
lection of stimulants of all kinds, set out in order on my
mantle piece, bundles of linen &c., &c, are pronounced
worse than useless.
TO MISS ANNA MARIA H. SMITH
[Washington] Saturday morning, 15th Deer. 1832.
. . . . What do you think of Septemea's having
become a Catholick? It is even so and I believe she
will soon publicly join that church. Mary Ann Gra-
ham has done so, likewise Jeanette Hart, and Mrs.
Tucker told us Mrs. Hall too, but I have heard it from
no one else. Mr. Pise1 is carrying all before him. His
zeal, his eloquence and his personal beauty combine to
give him an influence no priest has before had amongst
us. When he preaches, the church is so crowded, that
not only the seats but the isles are crowded. You will
have seen by the papers that he is chosen chaplain to the
Senate. Mr. Poindexter who called here yesterday,
said the motive was to show the universal toleration of
our government. Mr. Palfrey has been to see us, but
our own clergyman Mr. Smith has not been inside our
1 Charles Constantine Pise, a Catholic priest of great renown in his day.
He was a friend of Henry Clay, who secured his appointment as chaplain
to the Senate. He is the only Catholic who ever held the post.
1 83 2] CALHOUN A TRUE PATRIOT 341
door since we came to town. He visits no one and his
sermons are growing more and more metaphysical and
political and becoming more and more a mere student.
When Mrs. McComb1 came to the Dorcas Society the
other day, she took the same occasion to pay me a long
visit, and I liked her better than usual. I see very little
of Mrs. Thornton. It is now ten days since I have been
there, the weather and my pen engagements have pre-
vented my going out, except to see sick neighbours. Mr.
King was here last night and had a long talk with Ann,
on religious subjects. The room was so warm that my
head turned, I was dull and could not entertain him,
being more inclined to go to sleep.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington,] Christmas, 1832.
. . . . The ambition some felt for its honors
exists no longer, and this was one of the strongest stimu-
lants to activity and exertion I ever felt. But a life in
Washington cures one of ambition for honors and dis-
tinctions, by exhibiting them in all their vanity, instabil-
ity, and transitoriness, and unveiling at the same time all
the pains and some vexations appertaining to them. I
wonder if Mr. Clay realizes these things and can learn
to be content with the portion he possesses. Were we to
have a peep into his bosom what a lesson we should
learn. And Mr. Calhoun,2 will his high soarings end
in disappointment and humiliation or be drowned in
blood? However he may now err, he is one of the
1 Wife of Major General Alexander Macomb, commanding the army.
2 He was in the midst of his efforts to apply the nullification theory.
342 • WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
noblest and most generous spirits I have ever met with.
I am certain he is deceived himself, and believes he is
now fulfilling the duty of a true patriot. What a happy
nation we were! Alas, and may we not write, we are?
The impending political storm, as you may easily suppose
is almost the exclusive object of interest and conversa-
tion. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington,] January 17, 1834.
It is a rainy day, and therefore I may hope it will be
free from the continual interruptions to which I am sub-
ject on fine sunshiny days — though as they have been
rare this winter, you may imagine according to that
rule that most of my days were interrupted leisure. But
I know not how it is, I have very little leisure for either
reading or writing; interchanging visits with above
100 people consumes a great deal of time — now and then,
most agreeably, as for instance one day this week, out
of 12 visits which I paid, 3 were pleasant, 2 interesting.
With Mrs. Gorham * I sat I am sure more than an hour,
and when I left her, thought to myself our conversa-
tion might have furnished two entertaining biographical
sketches, with the effect of perfect contrast. She be-
gan by making inquiries about Mrs. Clay, which from
the interest she took in the subject led me into many
details and gave a continuity to speaking, which made
Mrs. Gorham only a listener; but we exchanged our
parts and she became the speaker, I the listener, when
she entertained me excessively with the account she
1 Wife of Benjamin Gorham, a Representative from Boston, son of
Nathaniel Gorham.
i834] MRS. OTIS, MRS. WIRT, MRS. WAYNE 343
gave of Mrs. Otis — the dashing Mrs. Otis.1 Mrs. G. is
one of the most sensible, best informed, frank and agree-
able women that have ever been in Washington. I hope
to improve our acquaintance into intimacy, particularly
if, as she hopes, Miss Sedgwich comes on to stay with
her. I afterwards called on Mrs. Wirt, scarcely, how-
ever, hoping to see her, as she has within this month lost
her eldest daughter Mrs. Randal. But she sees her
friends. I found her quite composed. She and her
two daughters were in the parlour dressed to receive
company and though serious, not melancholy. Here I
had an interesting visit. In the evening we went round
to drink at Mrs. Thornton's and Mrs. Wayne living
next door, I determined to step in, and pay her a social
visit. She looked so comfortable, so homelike and at
the same time so elegant, and as usual she was so
pleasant, that had I not been engaged to Mrs. Thorn-
ton I should have liked to have passed the whole even-
ing with her. A handsomely furnished room, was
cheerfulized by a large bright fire. She, her daughter
and son were sitting by the centre table reading, on one
side the fire place, drawn forward, was a handsome
pianno, on the other side a comfortable sopha. How
delightfully she does converse! Her daughter, though
a sweet, modest girl, will never be a belle, or have half
her mother's attraction. The son has neither the mod-
esty of the sister, nor the animation of father or mother.
Being in deep mourning, she does not go out, but Judge
Wayne with his daughter and son go to all the parties;
of which however there have not been as many as usual.
Mrs. McClane as lady of Secty, of State, has come out
splendidly, every week having a dinner and evening
1 She was Eliza Henderson Bordman, married Harrison Gray Otis, of
Hartford Convention fame, in 1817, and became a social leader and authoress.
344 • WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
party. We do not visit now. I could not submit to her
capricious ways. She invited us to one of her parties
last week, but as she had not returned my last visit we
would not go, so I suppose that will end our social inter-
course. Neither do we see the other ladies of the ad-
ministration. Indeed our society is divided by the two
political parties which divide our government, and in
society, as well as in politics the opposition, I think,
carries the day. Mrs. Clay, Mrs. Webster, Sprague and
many others are ladies of the opposition — and among
the citizens, with few exceptions all the most respectable
and fashionable people. The General and his friend
Van Buren are going out of fashion and I suspect out
of place — Their popularity, if all I hear is truth, is rap-
idly decreasing. Mr. Clay is in fine health and spirits;
frank, cordial and good humored. I cannot help in-
dulging some presidential hopes in his favour. Mrs.
Clay is the same kind familiar friend and comes every
day or two and passes part of the morning with us — but
her health is indifferent. Last evening we went to-
gether to a large party at our neighbour, Mrs. Taylor.
She called early and sat an hour with us before we went
to the party. James Bayard was here, too, but could
not as he had intended, accompany us, as he had severely
sprained his arm by a fall. The party was as gay and
splendid, as it could be where the close packed living
mass concealed all the beauty of the inanimate objects
in the room. Miss Wharton of Phila. is the reigning
Belle. I made my way through the dense mass to get
a view of her, pioneered and guarded by Col. House,
but after all my trouble, was disappointed in her ex-
ceeding beauty. Virginia Southard, I think much hand-
somer. The noise and crowd was too great for con-
versation, and I soon grew weary and was glad at n
i834] THE FAMILY CIRCLE 345
o'clock to get home. I was gratified by Julia's good
looks. She was dressed in plain white satin and pink
and white flowers on her head — her hair arranged by a
hair dresser. But in such a crowd it mattered little how
one was dressed. I shall not again go to such a large
party — I cannot bear them, and expected this to have
been a small one.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, Febry. ioth, 1834.
How often, how very often on awakening, have I
said, before I arose, "This morning I will pass in writing
to my dear sister," and then arranged in my mind all
I had to say. But something would occur some neces-
sary piece of work must first be dispatched, some errand,
some visit or some visitor interfered and the intended
letter was put off for tomorrow; tomorrow and tomor-
row have come and gone, till in their accumulation
they have become weeks, instead of days, and yet on
retrospect seem like nothing. Pleasantly however have
they passed, and if marked by no event that stamp'd a
character on the days to come they have produced pres-
ent content and left agreeable impressions. Compared
with our acquaintances, we lead quite a retired and
domestic life, viz., we neither give parties, nor go to
parties, yet we are seldom or ever alone. Sometimes
one, sometimes a dozen are added to our family circle.
Last evening, for instance, when Genl. Taylor went
away, he observed, "you have had a charming little
party this evening," "Party," said I, "it was no party,
viz., no one was invited, but all came in accidently."
"Really," replied he. When he entered, Mrs. Barret
346 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
and Mrs. Smith were playing chess at a little table, on
one side of the fire, Mr. Barret and I, at the other side,
and round the centre table were clustered Virginia
Southard, Mrs. Bryan, Mrs. Brooks, Ann, Julia and
Bayard ; in the corner of the sopha sat Anna and George
Bomford winding worsteds, and when Genl. T. and his
young friend Capt. Duval entered, the room looked full.
And during the day, from eleven oclock, it had not been
empty. Virginia is passing some days with us, and yes-
terday Mrs. Barret came early to spend a social day.
You should have seen us, how comfortable we looked
and how industrious, Virginia and Anna doing their can-
vas work in frames ; Ann and I doing ours on our hands,
each with a little table before us, covered with worsteds
of every shade and colour. Mrs. Barret and Julia work-
ing muslin, all circled round a blazing fire, while without
doors it was cold and lowering. The bell rings, — it is
Mrs. Clay, who feeling at home, sat down among without
disturbing us. The bell rings, — some ladies you do not
know, who put us a little out, but they did not stay long.
Some shade of colour was wanting, the shop was dis-
tant, but the difficulty was surmounted by Mrs. Clay's
telling the girls to take her carriage, she would sit with
us till they returned. Virginia and Anna ran up stairs
for bonnets and cloaks and just as they got down, Mr.
Bryan entered, bringing with him a very handsome
young man, whom he introduced, but finding the girls
on the wing, he handed them into the carriage, jumped
in with them, and let the handsome stranger find his
way on foot, (a love-struck partner of Virginia's, as we
afterwards found) Mrs. Clay took up one of the girl's
work and our needles were resumed, when the bell again
rung, and Mr. Calhoun came in. It seemed quite like
old times to have him and Mrs. Clay together, separated
i834] MISS SOUTHARD AND MR. BRYAN 347
as they have long been, not only by distance, but still
more by politics. I dare say he sat near an hour and
we had a talk of old times, as well as present times, but
said not a word of the future, where collisions of in-
terest may again separate these once friends. After
he went, Catherine Smith came in, to show us a screen
she had just finished, the canvas was worked over white
velvet and the threads afterwards drawn out, which has
a beautiful effect. It was the finest specimen of the
worsted work I have seen and our exclamations of ad-
miration were re-iterated. This work is becoming quite
a mania here, even I could not resist, but I cannot work
after a pattern, or count stitches and have astonished
the girls with my fine bunch of flowers, done al fresco.
I compose the flowers as I proceed, one after the other,
fitting them in as suits. I am as much delighted with
this work as with painting. Virignia, Ann and Anna
are all working ottomans for Mrs. Clay and I am doing
her lamp and stands. At Lowel a present of a great
quantity of worsted was made her and we are thus help-
ing her to use them. She does the filling up, the girls
only do the flowers, for which they had gone to seek
for some peculiar colour. But when once in the car-
riage and knowing Mrs. C. was comfortably fixed with
us, they took the opportunity to make some other calls
and it was almost three oclock when they came back, so
I could not but ask my cousin Bryan to stay to dinner
and soon after Bayard came in and brought George
Bomford, as he often does, to dinner too. Well, n'im-
porte, we were all friends and relatives, it was only add-
ing two more plates and another leaf of the table. Mr.
Bryan is devoted to Virginia, he has eyes, ears and
tongue for no one else. Whether it is love or flirtation
I know not. For as Virginia is quite ton, young men
348 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
distinguish themselves by being in her train, and self-
love is often the cause of the devoted admiration they
profess for great Belles. But Virginia is worthy of ad-
miration for herself alone. She really looks beautifully,
— the latter part of last evening she went to a party at
Mrs. Webster's. Anna and I sat up until after n for
her, and when she came home, her father, her almost
idolizing father with her, she looked not only lovely,
but splendid, so sparkling were her eyes, so radiant her
countenance and so brilliant her complexion. I sup-
pose she had been greatly admired, for Mr. Southard
looked so pleased, so delighted. The diary of this day
will give you some idea of most of our days, though it
is seldom our visitors are as interesting and agreeable,
too generally they are commonplace and indifferent, and
I would prefer being alone with my family and books.
As for parties, I could not stand them. I went to two,
but love my own fireside too much to go to any more.
Anna is almost as averse. She has been likewise only
to two or three this winter. Although we have invita-
tions to most, if not all that are given. Julia is the only
individual in the family, that really likes to go out. Ann
is very much engaged in her various societies and the
visitations and duties they render necessary, and I have
several interesting families to visit. The one in which
I take most concern is that of a young woman in the
last stage of consumption, both she and her mother are
destitute widows. The invalid is young and very pleas-
ing in her appearance. I love to sit with her. There
is a great deal of suffering and sadness this winter
among the labouring class, and how society is to form
a system that will give permanent, or even regular re-
lief to a class, who depend on daily labour and never
make provision for a day beyond, I know not. The very
i834] DISTRESS IN WASHINGTON 349
remedies provided by benevolence seem to increase the
evil by making them still more improvident. What is to
be done? Employment would do, but Houses of In-
dustry require not only great capital, but great, very
great perseverance, zeal and integrity in the adminis-
trators. Few if any have succeeded. Besides the labour-
ing class, there are other poor, still more to be pitied,
sudden reverses, such as dismisal from office produces
in one day reduced from competence to poverty, as our
acquaintances the Elgars. The blow to them was quite
unexpected — occasioned by some disagreement with the
President. The family will leave the city in the spring
and I believe retire to a little farm in Ohio. How little
suited will the girls be for a farm in Ohio where female
servants are scarcely to be had. Pecuniary distress is
extending to every class and every part of our country.
The present state of affairs, unless some compromise
between the opposing parties take place, will go on from
bad to worse. And what is the point in dispute? Not
any great political principle, but the rival pretentions of
two or three individuals to the Presidency, for disguise
it as they will, the point to be decided is, Who shall be
President? Mr. Van B. hoped to make himself so, by
destroying the Bank and its vast political influence, which
had exerted hostility to him. And his opponent, who-
ever it may be, hopes by establishing the Bank and se-
curing its influence to put down Mr. Van B. and his
party. Thus the ambition of individuals, is the main
spring of the great political machine which we call The
Government.
35o WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
TO MRS. BOYD
Washington, Feb. 19th, Wednesday. 1834
. . . . Diverging as I have to other subjects, the
idea of poor Dr. Stevens]1 has not for a moment been
absent from my mind, pray write soon again and tell
me how he supports his affliction. Perhaps I more sen-
sibly feel it, from that preparation of the mind for such
impressions, produced by the death of Mr. Wirt. He
died yesterday. Most solemnly have I felt this affect-
ing event. He never recovered from the loss of his
dear daughter Agnes. His whole system was shaken by
it. His mind detached earthly interests and eagerly
and ardently fixed on heavenly. Preparation for the
awful event which has now taken place, has been his
chief business for the last two years. On one Sabbath
he attended public worship, on the next he was on his
dying bed. His daughter, Mrs. Randal, died about a
month ago. I have not heard how Mrs. Wirt is sup-
ported under this sore affliction. Never were any couple
united by a fonder or stronger affection. Such a man
could not but be loved with ardent and exclusive af-
fection. Great, good, amiable beyond his fellows, kind
and loving in his disposition, frank, gentle and cordial
in his manners, he could not be known without being
loved. I was last evening reading over some pages he
had written in my book of souvenirs, on the eve of his
leaving Washington. The reflection there traced suited
the occasion and what he said of his departed friends
and the vain pursuits of life, applied to him so forcibly,
that I felt as if though dead, he still spoke, as if I heard
his voice. . . .
1 Alexander Hodgson Stevens, a great surgeon in New York.
1834] MRS. MADISON'S EARLY LIFE 351
FROM MRS. MADISON
Montpellier Augt. 31, 1834. ■
I have received with due sensibility my dear friend
your kind letter of the 29th and can assure you that if
a Biographical sketch must be taken, its accomplish-
ment by your pen, would be more agreeable to me than
by any other to which such a task could be committed,
being persuaded not only of its competency, but of the
just dispositions by which it would be guided.
Dolly and Mary are now with us, but if I had known
your wish as it regards my letters to them, and some of
mine to their mother [torn out] have thrown light on
the early occurrences of my life, but that they contain
my unvarnished opinions and feelings on different sub-
jects. As it is I will have them sent here, when the
girls return to the city, in order that I may select those,
at all worthy of your attention.
My family are all Virginians except myself, who was
born in N. Carolina, whilst my Parents were there on
a visit of one year, to an Uncle. Their families on both
sides, were among the most respectable, and they, be-
coming members of the society of friends soon after
their marriage manumitted their Slaves, and left this
state for that of Pennsylvania, bearing with them their
children to be educated in their religion — I believe my
age at that time was n or 12 years — I was educated in
Philadelphia where I was married to Mr. Todd in 1790,
and to Mr. Madison in 94, when I returned with him
to the soil of my Father, and to Washington, where
you have already traced me with the kindness of a
1 This letter, the editor assumes, was the basis of the sketch of Mrs.
Madison in Herrick and Longacre's National Portrait Gallery, printed
anonymously but doubtless written by Mrs. Smith.
352 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [iSj*
Sister. In the year 91, and after the death of my
Father, my Mother received into her house some Gen-
tlemen as boarders — and in 93 she left Philadelphia to
reside with her daughter Washington — afterwards, with
my sister Jackson, and occasionally with me. — I am sen-
sible that this is but a general answer to your. Should
any particular information be desired, I will endeavor
to furnish it. —
I am sorry to add that Mr. Madison's health has not
been and is not now so advanced, as might be inferred
from occasional references to it in the newspapers. —
The effect of his severe and protracted rheumatism has
been increased by other indispositions — one of which
still hanging on him he is happily however, exempt from
much pain, and every favourable change in him, bright-
ens my hope of his recovery. He unites with me in
every good wish and affectionate remembrance for your-
self, Mr. Smith and your daughters.
Your constant friend.
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] [1834]
. . . . If I dared to say so, I would say that the
subject of a heriditary monarchy have a better chance of
well-being and tranquillity. But this would be treason.
The Senate chamber is now the centre of attraction, not
only of political interests, but of the fashionable world
likewise. It is daily crowded by all the beauty and
fashion of our great world — crowded almost to suffoca-
tion. There never were so many strangers, especially
ladies, before in the city and these, having no other
occupation, or place of display, every day resort to this
i834] ATTRACTIONS AT THE SENATE 353
arena, where our intellectual gladiators exhibit their
various and gigantic powers, not simply for the good
of the country, but for the entertainment of the audi-
ence. The atmosphere and crowd are so oppressive,
that it is an exhibition I cannot partake in, otherwise
the real eloquence of the present Senate, would prove
irresistibly attractive. Genl. Preston's1 was of the most
popular kind and charmed every one that heard it. But
as to producing change of opinion, or conviction in the
minds of the hearers or readers, all this eloquence might
have been spared for personal, individual interest, only,
will opperate this affect. Place, not principle is now-
a-days the object contended for. And after all, when
the highest place is attained, is the successful occupant
happier? For no sooner is it obtained than he becomes
the object of abuse, and feels himself tottering in place
and reputation.
Rumours prevail of an approaching change in the
Cabinet. Poor Mr. McClane2 after all the sacrifices of
private and domestic comfort, after all his labours and
strivings, to retain his hard earned place for so short
a time ! If I supposed our political intrigues and parties
amused you, I could give you a little vol. of such
sketches. From hear say, however, for Mr. Smith is
wholly disconnected with politics and I take no further
interest in them, than personal regard for some of the
actors inspire. I cannot help, anxiously wishing that
Mrs. Clay, may once more be a resident amongst us.
She is such an affectionate, sincere, kind friend, such
a good woman, that her being here, adds very much to
our social enjoyment. It is seldom that two days pass
1 William Campbell Preston, Senator from South Carolina from 1832 to
1842, a brilliant orator and a follower of Calhoun.
2 Louis McLane retired to his country place in Cecil County, Maryland,
this year.
354 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
without her coming to see us and after sitting an hour
or two asking one or the other of us to ride and visit
with her which this winter is peculiarly convenient and
agreeable. Her health is so bad, that she never goes
out of an evening. While I think of it, let me give you
Mrs. Bordeau and Mrs. Thornton's kindest remem-
brance to you. . . . Mrs. Bomford, we do not often
see, she has at present so large a family (her house
being full of friends and relations) that she cannot often
leave home, but when she does come to see us, her cor-
dial kindness is refreshing to ones heart. As to our
domestic matters, my dear sister, I have gratefully to ac-
knowledge they are more comfortable and cheerful than
they often have been. We all enjoy good health and
good spirits, subject only to transient and occasional
interruptions. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Wednesday, 12th 1835 January.
. . . . They all paid long visits, and this morning,
just this minute, Miss Martineau.1 At so early an hour
I expected no one and was so engaged in this letter, that
I scarcely raised my head, when the door opened and
two plain looking ladies (one of the ladies, was Miss
Jeffries, her friend and companion) walked in. They
had walked and I had not attended to the ringing of
the door bell, not expecting visitors at this hour. "I
have come early," said she, "to make sure of finding
you at home, and because it is my only disengaged time.
I yesterday planned a quiet sitting of two hours with
you, but I found it impossible." She is a woman you
1 Harriet Martineau came over in the summer of 1834, when she was 32
years of age and in the zenith of her fame.
i835] VISIT FROM MISS MARTINEAU 355
would love, so plain, unaffected and quiet in her man-
ners and appearance, yet animated in conversation.
She brought me a letter of introduction from Mrs. Eck-
art, and sent it with her card, the day after her arrival,
otherwise I do not know whether I should have called
on her, under our present plan of domesticity, and the
feelings thereby induced, for when one lives out of com-
pany one shrinks from it. Accompanied by the girls I
called on her, sent in my name. There were three or
four other ladies in the room, but her advancing to
receive us, was a sufficient indication that she was Miss
Martineau. She was sitting in a corner of the sopha,
which supported the arm and hand, which held the
speaking-tube to her ear, she handed it to me saying,
"Do you know the use of this ? " I answered affirma-
tively by an inclination of my head and putting the tube
to my lips, soon forgot I held it, and conversed as easily
as if not through this, it must be confessed, awkward
medium. As I had always understood she was of the
Liberal if not radical party, the advocate of the poor
and of the working-class, I did not anticipate the re-
ception she has met with from our dignitaries and fash-
ionables. But the English minister was the first to wait
on her, introduced her into the Senate, to the Presi-
dent, &c, &c, which at once made her Ton. She has
literally been overwhelmed with company. I have been
told that the clay after her arrival near 600 persons
called, (an exaggeration I suppose) but the number
was immense. Poor I had been planning to show her
the same kind of friendly, plain attentions I had done
Mrs. Brenton and Miss Sedgwick, and offered to call
with the carriage and accompany her to Congress, to
make her calls of ceremony, &c, &c. When I found
these calls had been dispensed with, and the President's
356 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
family and Secretaries ladies had first called on her, I
told her I did not give nor go to large parties, but should
be glad to see her in a social and domestic manner.
This I repeated this morning and told her when the
hurry of her gay engagements was over, I would ask a
quiet day. "Name what day you please after this week,
and it shall be reserved for you," replied she. Yesterday
she dined at the President's, and in the evening went
to a large party. Today she dines at Sir Charles
Vaughan's1 and in the evening a party at Mrs. Butler's2
(the attorney general) two large evening parties to
which she had promised to go, violent headaches, in-
duced by the crowds of company during the whole day,
obliged her to send an appology. Her health is very
delicate. During the last year she has been laboriously
employed, to such a degree as to impair her health.
Absolute relaxation and change of scene were pre-
scribed, and she thought she could obtain both these
remedies by making the tour of U. S. But if followed
by such crowds, her aim will be defeated. From her
manners and appearance no one would believe it pos-
sible she could be so distinguished, celebrated, followed.
The drollest part of the whole is, that these crowds, at
least in Washington, go to see the lion and nothing else.
I have not met with an individual, except Mrs. Seaton
and her mother, who have read any of her works, or
knew for what she is celebrated. Our most fashion-
able, exclusive Mrs. Tayloe, said she intended to call,
and asked what were the novels she had written and if
they were pretty? The gentlemen laugh at a woman's
writing on political economy. Not one of them has the
least idea of the nature of her work. I tried to explain
them to Mr. Frelinghusen, Clay, Southard and others.
1 The British Minister. 2 Benjamin F. Butler of New York.
i*35] LETTER FROM THE MADISONS 357
But enough of Miss Martineau for the present. If she
interests you, tell me so and I will give you what fur-
ther details. But perhaps like your Bayard you may
think it all ridiculous
FROM MR. AND MRS. MADISON
Montpellier Jany. 17, 1835.
Be assured my dear friend that we reciprocate all
the good wishes which your letter has so kindly con-
veyed to us this day — for yourself — Mr. Smith, and
your amiable family — and truly, your observations on
our acquaintances accord also, with my feelings on the
subject — my experience teaches, that our hearts recur
and cling to early attachments, as the most happy of
our lives. I ought now to offer many apologies for
my silence, and if I was not acquainted with your good-
ness and forbearance, I should despair of forgiveness —
but I trust in a simple statement of facts to shew you
that my delinquency has not proceeded from want of
love, and confidence in your friendship, nor am I with-
out explanations, which will at least mitigate it. My
letters to my sister Todd at the closing scenes of the
War, happen to be with her in Kentucky, and I was
unwilling to have them exposed to the mail, if I had
been sure of their arrival in time, and that they con-
tained anything worthy of being extracted. I might
plead also my constant engagements of different sorts
at home, which have not permitted me to search our
papers, and bring my mind to the revival of scenes, or
circumstances that might possibly throw a faint inter-
est over a recital of them, and lastly I must in candour
say, that I have felt more than a mere reluctance in
358 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Jan.
being a Judge and witness, of incidents if existing, that
might be worthy of the use to be made of them.
Your enquiries after my dear Husband will be par-
tially answered by himself. He is better in health than
he was two months ago, tho' still feeble and confined
to his rooms — we trust however that with great care
against the cold of this Winter, he will be able to take
exercise in his Carriage when the Spring season shall
cheer us again. I have been afflicted for the last two
weeks with Influenza, the violence of which seems slowly
passing away, altho' the cough continues.
I send you an engraving from Stuart's portrait, which
tho' indifferently executed, is a better likeness than Mr.
Wood's, which I would send also, but that the stage
has ceased to run to and from Orange C. House for a
few days, on account of bad roads.
I hope the efforts of our friend Mr. Clay, in his in-
teresting report, to keep "sweet peace" without a loss
of honour, may prove successful. A war between the
United States and France that would cost both so much,
for a cause apparently insignificant, would be a spectacle
truly deplorable, in the present state of the World.
Ever affectionately yours,
D. P. MADISON.
I am very thankful, my kind friend, for the interest
you take in my health. It is not good, and at my age,
nature can afford little of the medical aid she exerts on
younger patients. I have indeed got through the most
painful stages of my principal malady, a diffusive and
obstinate Rheumatism, but I feel its crippling effects on
my limbs, particularly my hands and fingers, as this
little effort of the pen will shew. I owe my thanks to
i83s] HENRY ORR, THE WAITER 359
Mr. Smith also, for the friendly lines which accompanied
your former letter to Mrs. M. and the good wishes con-
veyed in your last. Assure him of the continuance of
my great esteem and cordial regards. May you both
long enjoy the blessing of health, with every other
necessary to fill the measure of your happiness.
JAMES MADISON.1
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Washington, Febr. 4th 1835.
. . . . Friday 5th. And now for Miss Martineau,
since you desire to hear a little more about her, par-
ticularly of the day she passed here. But I really must
give you a previous scene which amused me extremely
and will not be without some diversion for you. The
day previous to our little dinner party, I sent for Henry
Orr, whom I had always employed when I had com-
pany and who is the most experienced and fashionable
waiter in the city. He is almost white, his manners
gentle, serious and respectful, to an uncommon degree
and his whole appearance quite gentlemanly. "Henry,"
said I, when he came, "I am going to have a small
dinner party, but though small, I wish it to be peculiarly
nice, every thing of the best and most fashionable. I
wish you to attend, and as it is many years since I have
dined in company, you must tell me what dishes will
be best. "Boulli," I suppose, "is not out of fashion ?"
"No, indeed, Ma'am ! A Boulli at the foot of the table
is indispensable, no dinner without it." "And at the
head?" "After the soup, Ma'am, fish, boil'd fish, and
after the Fish, canvas-backs, the Boulli to be removed,
1 He died June 28, following. His letter is in a painful trembling hand.
360 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
and Pheasants." "Stop, stop Henry," cried I, "not
so many removes if you please!" "Why, ma'am, you
said your company was to be a dozen, and I am only
telling you what is absolutely necessary. Yesterday at
Mr. Woodbury's there was only 18 in company and
there were 30 dishes of meat." "But Henry I am not
a Secretary's lady. I want a small, genteel dinner."
"Indeed, ma'am, that is all I am telling you, for side
dishes you will have a very small ham, a small Turkey,
on each side of them partridges, mutton chops, or sweet-
breads, a macaroni pie, an oyster pie" — "That will do,
that will do, Henry. Now for vegetables." "Well,
ma'am, stew'd celery, spinage, salsify, cauliflower."
"Indeed, Henry, you must substitute potatoes, beets, &c."
"Why, ma'am, they will not be genteel, but to be sure
if you say so, it must be so. Mrs. Forsyth the other
day, would have a plum-pudding, she will keep to old
fashions." "What, Henry, plum-pudding out of fash-
ion?" "La, yes, Ma'am, all kinds of puddings and pies."
"Why, what then must I have at the head and foot of
the table?" "Forms of ice-cream at the head, and a
pyramid of anything, grapes, oranges, or anything hand-
some at the foot." "And the other dishes?" "Jellies,
custards, blanc-mange, cakes, sweet-meats, and sugar-
plums." "No nuts, raisons, figs, &s., &c?" "Oh, no,
no, ma'am, they are quite vulgar." "Well, well, Henry.
My desert is, I find, all right, and your dinner I sup-
pose with the exception of one or two things. You may
order me the pies, partridges and pheasants from the
French cook, and Priscilla can do the rest." "Indeed,
ma'am, you had best" — "No more, Henry," interrupted
I. "I am not Mrs. Woodbury." "Why to be sure,
ma'am, her's was a particular dinner on account of that
great English lady's dining with her," "Did Miss M.
i835] DINNER FOR MISS MARTINEAU 361
dine there ? " "La, yes, ma'am, and I was quite de-
lighted to see the attention Mr. Clay paid her, for in-
deed ma'am I consider Mr. Clay the greatest and best
man now living, and sure I should know, for I served
him long enough. Oh he is kindness through and
through and it was but proper, ma'am, that the greatest
man, should show attention to the greatest lady. He
sat by her at dinner and talked all the time just to her,
neither of them eat much. I took particular notice what
she eat, so I might know another time what to hand
her, for she dines everywhere, ma'am, and I see her
taste was very simple. She eat nothing but a little
Turkey and a mite of ham, nothing else, ma'am, and
Mr. Clay hardly as much, they were so engaged in con-
versation. I listened whenever I was near and heard
them talking about the national debt. Mr. Clay told
her our debt was paid off and she told him she hoped
their debt would soon be paid off too, and they con-
sulted a great deal about it." "Why is Miss M. such
a great woman, Henry?" "Why, they tells me, ma'am,
she is the greatest writer in England and her books
doing monstrous deal of good." "Well, Henry, it is
for this Lady my dinner is to be, but it is a family din-
ner, not a ceremonious one. She is to spend the day
just in a social friendly way with me." "Why, ma'am,
that is just as it should be, as you are a writer too.
But indeed, ma'am, if not another besides her was in-
vited, you ought to have a grand dinner. I should like
you, ma'am, to do your best. It is a great respect ma'am
she shows you and a great kindness you show her, and
I dare say, ma'am, she'll put you in one of her books,
so you should do your very best." But I carried my
point in only having 8 dishes of meat, tho' I could not
convince Henry, it was more genteel than a grander
362 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
dinner. He came the next day, and leaving him and
the girls as his assistants (for Anna absolutely locked
me out of the dining room) I sat quietly in the front
parlour, as if no company was expected. Mrs. Randolph,
Mrs. Coolidge (Ellen Randolph that was), James Bay-
ard and B. K.1 were the only additional guests to Miss
M. and Miss Jeffrey her companion. About 3, B. K.
came. I only was in the parlour, the girls were dress-
ing, presently Ann came down, and told me Miss M.
and Miss J. were up stairs in my room. "And you left
them there alone?" exclaimed I. "To be sure answered
Ann, with her usual nonchalance. I have never been
introduced to them and they asked me to show them
to a chamber." "And you let them go in alone!" "To
be sure." I hastened up stairs and found them combing
their hair. They had taken off their bonnets and large
capes. "You see," said Miss M., "we have complied
with your request and come sociably to pass the day
with you. We have been walking all the morning, our
lodgings were too distant to return, so we have done
as those who have no carriages do in England, when
they go to pass a social day." I offered her combs,
brushes, etc. But showing me the enormous pockets in
her french dress, said they were provided with all that
was necessary, and pulled out nice little silk shoes, silk
stockings, a scarf for her neck, little lace mits, a gold
chain and some other jewelry, and soon without chang-
ing her dress was prettily equipped for dinner or even-
ing company. We were all as perfectly at our ease as
if old friends. Miss M's toilette was soonest completed
and sitting down by me on the sopha, and handing me
the tube, we had a nice social chat before we went down
stairs. I introduced Mr. Smith, my nephews, and son
1 Bayard Kirkpatrick, her nephew.
i835] MRS. SMITH'S GUESTS 363
&c. Mr. S. took a seat on the sopha by her, and I on
a chair on her other side, to be near to introduce others.
It was quite amusing to see Mr. S. He took the tube
and at first applied its wrong cup to his lips, but in the
warmth of conversation perpetually forgot it, and as he
always gesticulates a great deal with his hands, he was
waving about the cup, quite forgetful of its use, except
when I said, as I continually had to do, "Put it to your
lips." But Miss M. has admirable tact and filled up the
gaps of his part of the conversation, made by the wav-
ing of the tube, by her intuitive perception and talked
as fluently of Lord Brougham, Lord Durham and other
political personages, of whom Mr. S. enquired as if
she had heard every word. A little after 4, Mrs. Ran-
dolph and Mrs. Coolidge came. I was glad Mrs. R.
was so handsomely dressed (in general she disregards
her toilette) and looked so dignified and well, for I
wished Miss M. to see the daughter of Jefferson to
advantage. Mrs. C. looked lovely and elegant. I gave
Mrs. R. a seat next Miss M. But she said but little
and afterwards told us, the very touch of the Tube,
put all her ideas to flight. She went to the contrary
extreme of Mr. S., and kept the cup pressed so tightly
on her lips, that she could scarcely open them. Mrs.
Coolidge managed better, and conversed with perfect
ease and great fluency until dinner, which was not served
until five oclock, when the curtains being drawn and
shutters closed, the candles on the table were lit and
made every thing look better. Miss M. sat next me,
Mrs. R. below her, Miss Jeffries led in by B. K. sat
between him and Mr. S., and was, they say, extremely
entertaining. J. Bayard sat all the time by Mrs. C,
the old friend of his sisters and seemed delighted with
her. Dinner went off very well, I conversed a great
364 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
deal with Miss M., as Mrs. R. would not. Our con-
versation was very interesting and carried on in a tone
that all the rest of the company could hear. One fact
was new and strange. Speaking of the use of ardent
spirits by the poor, she said its high price precluded its
use, there were now few gin-shops. Opium had been
substituted by the poor for gin, and apothecaries boys
kept constantly busy, making up penny and ha-penny
worths of opium. It was taken not in sufficient quan-
tities to exhilerate, but only to stupefy and satisfy the
cravings of hunger. What a wretched state of society
does this imply! Her conversation is rich in most in-
teresting illustrations of manners, facts and opinions
and what she said at dinner, if written down would fill
4 or 5 such pages. While at table, a note from Mr. Clay
was handed me, so handsomely written and so full of
cimpliments for Miss M. and regrets from being pre-
vented joining our party in the evening, that I handed
it to her and she then burst forth in an eloquent eulo-
gium of him. It was near 7 when we returned to the
parlour, which was brilliantly lighted, (as I think light
a great promoter of social pleasure). Mr. King was
lounging in the rocking chair, quite at his ease. He
knew Miss M. and instantly sat down on one side of her,
I on the other. Mr. King1 engaged her in details about
the English affairs and great men. She was copious
and interesting in her details. I wish I could relate
a hundredth part of what she said, but it is impossible.
She pronounced Lord Durham (Mr. Lambton, that was)
to be the greatest man now in England. "He will soon
be our premier, he will be the savior of England !" said
she with enthusiasm. He is her greatest and most in-
timate personal, as well as political friend. All the other
1 Probably John Pendleton King, Senator from Georgia.
i835] MISS MARTINEAU'S CONVERSATION 365
distinguished men passed in review. It was a rich treat
to hear her. Her words flow in a continual stream, her
voice pleasing, her manners quiet and lady-like, her face
full of intelligence, benevolence and animation. She
always leans back in the corner of the sopha, seemingly
unconscious of the presence of any one except the person
she is talking with. Mr. & Mrs. Frelinghusen and Mrs.
Burgess (a most lovely young widow), Mrs. Thornton,
Mrs. Bomford and her family, Mr. & Mrs. Calhoun and
her 3 young ladies, the Southards, Mr. Palfrey, the
unitarian clergyman (ours was asked but did not come)
and about a dozen gentlemen, made up the evening
party. Mr. Frelinghusen and Mr. Calhoun both sat and
conversed a great deal with Miss M., and most of the
company by turns sat a while by her. Mr. Calhoun is
one of her* greatest admirers, his Mess gave her a din-
ner, Mrs. Bomford was unexpectedly pleased because
unexpectedly she felt herself at ease with Miss M. She
is so simple, plain, good-natured and unaffected, that
I wonder every one does not feel at ease. Ease and
animation pervaded the whole of the company, we had
some delightful singing from the young ladies, Scotch
songs to perfection. It was n oclock before the party
broke up. Every one gratified at an opportunity of
meeting Miss M., in such a quiet, social manner. The
next day, by appointment, I accompanied Miss M. and
Miss J. to Kalorama. Anna Maria went with us. In
a carriage she needs not her tube, but hears distinctly
without it. In a carriage, too, sitting so close one feels
so confidential. We rode about from 12 until past three
and our conversation would fill several sheets. I en-
quired about her early life, her motives for embracing
literature as a pursuit, the formation of ner mind, habits
and opinions, all of which she freely gave me the his-
366 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
tory. and an interesting history it is. "Do tell me,"
said I, "if praise and celebrity, like everything else do
not lose their relish?" "I never," said she, "had much
relish for general praise ; the approbation of those I love
and esteem or respect, I highly value. But newspaper
praise or censure, are perfectly indifferent to me. The
most valued advantage I have gained is the facility which
it gives me to gain access to every person, place or thing
I desire, this is truly a great advantage." Speaking of
the lionizing of celebrated people, "Well," said she,
laughing, "I have escaped that, to my knowledge, I
have never been made a show of, or run after as a lion."
Of course, I did not undeceive her. I asked her how
I should understand an expression she several times
used "Since I have been employed by government."
She said, two of the subjects she had illustrated in her
stories, had been by the request of Lord Brougham and
Lord Durham, who supplied her with the materials, or
principles, viz., the Poor-Laws, on Taxation. She was
employed by them to write on these two subjects, on
which account she and her mother had removed to Lon-
don, as the transmission of Phamphlets by the mail, be-
came too burthensome, frequently requiring her to send
a wheel-barrow to the Post office. For the last two
years she and her mother have resided in London, have
a small house adjoining the Park, which is as quiet and
pleasant as in the country. Here she had daily inter-
course with the members of the Cabinet and leaders
of the whig party, particularly the above-named gentle-
men. She never makes visits and receives them only
at 2 specified hours every day, but while Parliament is
sitting, dines out (at night, remember) every day.
Once, while at Lord Durham's in the country, at table,
a gentleman sitting next her observed, "There is one
i835] THE NUMIDIAN LION 367
subject, Miss M., I think your genius admirably calcu-
lated to illustrate." "What is that," said she, with eager-
ness glad to be instructed. "The Poor Laws" replied
he. "Why exclaimed Lord D., in what corner of Eng-
land have you been living, that you do not know, this is
the very subject on which she has most ably written."
"I did, I candidly own," said Miss M., when she told
me this, "I did feel completely mortified." My paper
will hold no more. I will soon write again, but as I
cannot write all this over and it may amuse Maria, I
wish you would send it to her. Oh how tired my head
and hands are ! The girls are equally so of holding their
tongues.
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington] February 14, 1835.
. . . . Hearing that Congress had placed the Nu-
midian Lion, at the disposal of the President, she1 in-
stantly hurried to him, obtained a private interview, and
asked him to bestow the Lion on the Orphan Asylum.
The old general showed so much warmth and kindness
in acceeding to her request, that she says she was so
overcome, that she burst into tears and seizing his
hand, kissed it in the excess of her delight and grati-
tude. He immediately drew an order on the Secretary
of State and signing it, gave it to her. She hastened
to us with the glad tidings and could not tell her story
without tears. It is for both the Asylums, Protestant
and Catholic. This morning she has been here to con-
sult on the best mode of using the bounty. Capt. Riely,
was here last evening and gave us his opinion, which
I detailed to her. She took Ann with her and is now
1 Mrs. Bomford, chief directress of the orphan asylum.
368 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Feb.
gone to call on the different Managers, to collect their
opinions, and will be out I dare say, until 3 or 4 oclock,
although it is snowing. Whatever she does is with
her whole heart, in private kindness and friendship she
is equally zealous. I do love her, and so does every one.
Last evening we had a delightful fire side circle. All
were so animated. Mrs. Thornton and Bordeaux, Mrs.
Newman and Mrs. Woodyer, (Mr. King's relations)
Mr. King, Mr. Reide and last but not least Capt. Riely.
He came so apropos to tell us about the Lion. Mrs.
Newman was delighted to see him and wanted to hear
from his own mouth his African adventures,1 so I made
him put his chair in front of us and tell his story to
Mrs. Newman, who listened with the simplicity and
eagerness of a child. On the other side was a party
at whist and in the centre of the circle gentlemen talk-
ing politics. We frequently have these little tea drink-
ings of a dozen or so.
Miss Martineau has been likewise an exciting object
lately. I wrote sister a long account of her, and to
spare myself the repetition requested her to send the
letter to you. No stranger, excepting La Fayette, ever
received such universal and marked testimonies of re-
gard. At first our great men were disposed to laugh
at her, but now they are her most devoted admirers
and constant visitants. Mr. Webster, Mr. Clay, Mr.
Calhoun, Preston, Judge Story and many others often
visit her and when she goes to the Senate or Court-
Room leave their seats to converse with her. Besides
these attentions, they show still more personal evidences
of regard. Mr. Clay insists on her making his daugh-
ter's house at New Orleans and his own house in Lex-
1 He had just returned from a voyage to Morocco and had brought the
lion as a present from the Sultan to the President.
Fac-simile of letter from Miss Martineau to Mrs. Smith
A*^ &** jLi^.
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i83s] MISS MARTINEAU'S ADMIRERS 369
ington her residence while in these places, and Mr. Cal-
houn, by his letters, will ensure her every kind attention
in Charleston. Yet all this does not seem to turn her
head in the least, and so frank, modest and simple are
her manners and appearance that to meet her in com-
pany, no one would dream she was so distinguished a
personage. Perhaps you have seen in the Intelligencer
my political address to Harriet Martineau.1 If you
have not, let me know and I will send you a copy, or
will ask Sister to send you the one I send her. I can-
not, just now at least, copy it again. You must let
me know what you think of it. I sent Miss M. a MSS
copy, in return she wrote me a very simple, unpretend-
ing and kind note. On coming home yesterday I found
her card to take leave, so I shall not see her again. She
is really interesting in conversation and character,
though not in appearance. A most original and pow-
erful genius, and apparently as good as she is great.
Anna Maria who is not very susceptible of quick im-
pressions, says she cannot help loving her. Our winter
is almost over. With us, with me, it has passed as
pleasantly as it has rapidly. Unmarked by any deep
or lasting interest, it has glided by like a dream leaving
no vestige behind. Congress, too, has hitherto been very
tranquil. Mr. Calhoun's report,2 however, yesterday has
broken its quiet. There was great agitation, — some
personal violence it is said in the Senate, even a duel
apprehended. The Senate chamber was crowded to
crushing with ladies. I never go on such squeezing
occasions.
Every day brings us as invitation to a Ball or Party,
1 It was one of a number of addresses in verse to Miss Martineau. The
one she enjoyed most was to her famous ear-trumpet which was apostro-
phized "beloved horn!"
2 On the use of patronage by the President.
370 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
three cards for next week are now lying on the table,
but we decline all. The gaiety is increasing and so is
luxury and European habits, hours and fashions. We
are quiet spectators of the bustling scene, without the
slightest desire of being actors. I am every moment
expecting Mrs. Bomford back, her young ladies are to
remain all day with us and if the weather permits a
large party of young people are to meet here and go
in the evening to the exhibition. But I rather think the
threatening clouds will not disperse, the snow has stopped
but the clouds are dark and heavy. My paper is full
and my hand tired, so I will with every kind wish, bid
you my dear Maria, adieu.
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington] March nth, 1835.
. . . . Mr. Jacob Abbott1 came with Dr. S. to
see me in the morning. His book is much more in-
teresting than his conversation. Yet in a short visit
one cannot fairly judge. The Corner Stone, I like bet-
ter than any work on the same subject I have ever read.
I like the temper in which it is written, a truly christian
temper, and consequently felt drawn to the author. I
wish I could have seen more of him. His book (which
you sent me) has been travelling ever since from friend
to friend. I quite want to see it again. I thank you
for the House Keeper, but have not yet had time to read
it, I received it only yesterday.
Are you not sorry you have finished the life and cor-
respondance of Hannah Moore? I felt as if separated
from her after a long personal intercourse. I imme-
*The author of innumerable children's books, including the "Rollo
Books."
i835] HANNAH MORE'S WORKS 371
diately got a large volume of her works, but this did
not supply the loss. Do you know I am disappointed in
them. I had read all, as they successively appeared and
remember I then remarked they are too verbose, they
are often heavy, and after reading Practical piety, you
have little else to learn from her other works, which
contain precisely the same sentiments and opinions under
a different title and in language a little varied. But
after reading her memoirs, I concluded I must be mis-
taken. Such universal and lavish praise. Such rapid
and extensive sales and numerous editions, — such high
reputation, could only have been effected by intrinsick
and rare and superior genius. Yes, genius, for simple
goodness and piety, could not have ensured such suc-
cess. I therefore resolved to re-peruse her works and
set eagerly about it. The result is the same, — they are
very good, but very heavy, the sentiments so heavily
laden with words, that they drag extremely, and one
grows weary. The same truths conveyed in fewer
words would be far more striking and impressive. The
letters written to an author, are no certain indications of
the writer's real opinion. When one sends you a book
you must praise it. It is a pity that so large a portion
of the Second Vol. is taken up with these complimentary
letters. You should read Mrs. Montagu's letters, Mrs.
Carter's life and other cotemporaneous works to keep
up with the delightful society to which Miss Moore in-
troduced you.
I have read Stewart's sketches1 and agree with you in
thinking there was an indelicacy in addressing the let-
1 Charles Samuel Stewart, a chaplain in the navy and a noted traveller.
"Residence at the Sandwich Islands 1823-25" appeared in 1828, "Visit
to the South Seas" (2 vols.) in 1831, "Sketches of Society in Great Britain
and Ireland in 1832" in 1834, the last-named being the book to which Mrs.
Smith refers.
372 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Mar.
ters to dear Virginia, whether a betrothed or not be-
trothed. The family, Mrs. Southard especially, abso-
lutely and seriously deny there being any truth in the
rumour of any designed connection. The letters are
very inferior to those Mr. Stewart wrote from the Sand-
wich Islands. One reason, Virginia says, is, that they
are all mutilated. None of them are given as they were
written ; the most interesting and confidential parts were
omitted. I am sorry I did not write by Capt. Riley but
I did not know until he called to bid us farewell, that he
was going to New York. When I mentioned you to
him, he said if I wrote, he would with great pleasure
carry my letter over to Brooklyn and go to see my sis-
ter. He is a kind, warm-hearted man and since his
first introduction to me by my dear Mr. Bleecher, has
felt like a friend and been quite domesticated in our
family. He has no talents for conversation and needs
being drawn out. A general dispersion of the recent
inhabitants has taken place and Washington is now as
quiet as a village. How many of the hundreds who
have separated will never meet again. Ours is a strange
state of society, made up of persons from all parts not
only of this country, but of Europe thronging here in
crowds, eager, bustling, agitated by various- and often
conflicting interests. No monotony here, every season,
nay every week and month brings change and variety.
New faces, new interests, new objects of every kind,
in politics, fashions, works of art and nature, for ex-
hibitions of all descriptions are here displayed. When
lo, Congress adjourns, the curtain drops, the drama is
over, all is quiet, not to say solitary. To our family it
makes less difference than to those who live the year
round in the city. In April we retire from all bustle
and society. The time for our retreat draws nigh and
i835l DEATH OF FRIENDS 373
I look to it with pleasure. We are as punctual as the
seasons and with the return of the first of April, go into
the country. I hope your husband's intended little visit
will be before our leaving the city, as we can in that
case have him with us and see more of him than at
Sidney. ...
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
Sidney, 16 April, 1835. Thursday.
. . . . Since I last wrote, two of my earliest ac-
quaintances in Washington have been taken from life,
Mrs. Thurston and Mrs. Diggs. In former years I was
intimate with both, as well as with Mrs. Cutts and Mrs.
Van Ness, all conspicuous members of the social and
fashionable circle of that day. We have been travelling
the same road and about the same age. They have fin-
ished their journey, — am I near the end of mine ? How
many of my cotemporaries have quitted the Stage of
Life. Some who in youth were united in the same pur-
suits and by the bond of strong interest and kind feeling.
Mr. Bleecker, Mr. Woodhull, Mr. Finlay among many
others. Friends of my youth! Little did I expect to
outlive either of these. My dear Mrs. Randolph is, I
hear, very ill. She has been during the whole winter in
a suffering state of health. I had some interesting rides
with her on some of the pleasant days of last month.
The day she dined with Miss Martineau at our house
was the only visit she has paid for a year, and except
when I called for her to ride, she never went out. The
last time, we conversed much of her father. She often
had to turn aside her head and wipe her eyes. I never
saw her so much affected by the subject on any previous
occasion. I was urging her to write an account of the
last week of his life and the closing scene, which she
374 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Apr.
only could entirely and truly do, as she never left him
for an hour. She only shook her head and wept. I
wish I could be with her in her illness, but with her five
daughters around her, I fear there will be no room for
me. The family this winter has been very large, 8
grand-children with her. One has long been danger-
ously ill and another is now attacked with a similar dis-
ease. They are lovely interesting children, the eldest
not eight years old. In all she has 24 grand and 3 great
grand children. I have no friend here whom I more
tenderly love, and at present suffer much anxiety on
her account. . . .
Friday 17. I left off yesterday to read to the girls.
Marriage, by the author of Inheritance, amused without
much interesting us and made our needles fly more
quickly. The parlour looked like a work room, (not
littered however) 4 females at work, when a carriage
drove to the door, — in the country quite an event, but
it was no fashionable visitor, but Mr. Herring, the Edi-
tor of the National Portrait Gallery, who for a year past
has been a correspondent of mine. As some return for
an article I wrote for him he brought me two volumes,
or sets of this beautiful work, containing 12 numbers a
vol. He passed several hours with us. He has come
on to paint some portraits for his Gallery. I am very
partial, you know I always was, to Painters. Not long
before I left the city, I made the acquaintance of Durand,
the Engraver, and likewise a portrait painter, — one of
the most agreeable acquaintances I made the whole win-
ter, more so than Miss M. He is so very modest and
reserved a man that only those who take pains to draw
him out, would discover his intelligence. He left me a
little momento of his visit by a beautiful drawing in my
album of the head of Jefferson. ,.. . .
i835] CLAY'S DAUGHTER DIES 375
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington] Christmas day, 1835.
. . . . Poor Mr. Clay, was laughing and talking
and joking with some friends when his papers and let-
ters were brought to him; he naturally first opened the
letter from home. A friend who was with him, says he
started up and then fell, as if shot, and his first words
were "Every tie to life is broken!"1 He continued that
day in almost a state of distraction, but has, I am told,
become more composed, though in the deepest affliction.
Ann was his pride, as well as his joy and of all his
children his greatest comfort. She was my favorite, so
frank, gay, and warm hearted. Her husband was very
very rich. Their plantation joined Mr. Clay's and af-
forded a daily intercourse. Of five daughters, she was
the last, and now she is gone and poor Mrs. Clay in her
declining age is left alone and bereaved of the support
and comfort which daughters and only daughters can
afford. I now, cannot realize that you or I can ever be
so bereaved, we are so far advanced towards our jour-
ney's end
FROM HENRY CLAY
Washn, 31st Deer 1835
Dear Madam
I ree'd your kind letter of this date. From no friend
could condolence, on the occasion of my recent heavy
affliction, have come more welcomely; but dear Madam
all the efforts of friendship or of my own mind have
but little effect on a heart wounded as mine is. My
1 The story was that he fainted.
376 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1836.
daughter was so good, so dutiful, so affectionate; her
tastes and sympathies and amusements were so identical
with my own; she was so interwoven with every plan
and prospect of passing the remnant of my days, that
I feel I have sustained a loss which can never be re-
paired. Henceforward, there is nothing before me in
this world but duties.
My poor wife has suffered beyond expression; but
she has in affliction a resourse — a great resourse — which
I have not.1 I will transmit your friendly letter to her
which, I have no doubt, she will receive as a fresh trib-
ute from a friendship which I know she has ever highly
appreciated.
With true regard
I am sincerely y'rs
Mrs. M. H. Smith. H. Clay
TO MRS. BOYD
[Washington] Feb. 6, 1836.
. . . . I last week for a wonder went to a large
party. It was given by our neighbour Commodore
Rodgers,2 who has always been a great favorite of mine,
and as it was so near I ventured. I passed my time very
quietly and pleasantly, for after looking for a while on
the crowd in the ball room and ascertaining the fashions
of the season and contemplated the Lions, Mr. Welles
and Mr. Power, found a delightful comfortable fauteuil
in the reception room, where I lounged quite at my ease,
conversing by turns with my acquaintances. Mrs.
1 Later in life he was confirmed as a member of the Episcopal
Church.
'The great John Rodgers, first of the line of the family of distinguished
navy officers.
i836] PARTY AT COMMODORE RODGERS' 377
Wilkes,1 by her own desire was introduced to me, and
told me as an old acquaintance of her mother's she
had wished to be acquainted and would without cere-
mony have called to see me first had she not feared
being intrusive. Of course I must now go to see her,
which I should be most pleased with doing, (as I found
her uncommonly pleasing) were it not for her living so
far, far away from our neighbourhood, too far for me
to walk. I am ging this morning, likewise to call on the
Bride, Mrs. Smith, Marion Clark that was. We were
invited to the wedding party, but only Bayard went. The
invitations were very general, including strangers as
well as citizens and the crowd consequently excessive.
There was scarce a possibility of moving and much less
of seeing the individuals of this splendid crowd, for the
dresses I am told were unusually rich and elegant. The
supper was as rare and as brilliant as our best artists and
unlimited expenditure could make it. The company in
small parties went up to look at the table, to feast their
eyes before its beauty should be destroyed by going up
to feast their palates. The next morning both bride and
groom received company. A table as elegantly and
profusely spread as the night before, with a super-
abundance of the finest wines, (champagne inclusive)
were provided up stairs for the gentlemen, while wed-
ding cake &c, &c, were served in the drawing room for
the ladies. The throng in the morning equalled the one
on the previous evening. Expecting this would be the
case, I deferred my visit, as my head dare not venture
into crowded places. Dr. and Mrs. Rodgers, Virginia
Southard and some others of the bridal train, hence
inmates of the family. Mrs. Rodgers I am told has
1 Wife of Charles Wilkes, afterwards Rear-Admiral in the Navy, the
officer who intercepted the British steamer "Trent" in 1861.
378 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1837.
astonished the natives, by the brilliancy and costliness
and elegance of her wardrobe. "Did you hear of the
fatal accident that occurred at Mrs. Clark's Saturday
morning?" said my lady informant, with a long melan-
choly countenance. "Fatal accident? No, what was
it ?" "Poor Mrs. Rodgers, only think how unfortunate,''
and she paused and looked so mournful that I really felt
alarmed and exclaimed, "Was she hurt?" "No, but her
exquisite pocket handkerchief that cost 60 dols was burnt
up, — a spark flew on it, and the cob-web texture was
instantly in flames, from which her superb dress like-
wise suffered irreparably." We laughed heartily at the
finale of the mournful story. The same lady told us
such dresses had never before been displayed here. Do
you know I am half afraid to go this morning to see
this fine lady, but as a hundredth cousin, I suppose I
must, seeing as how she is staying with Mrs. Clarke,
who requested me to call on her. The increasing luxury
of dress and living in this place, will soon oblige the
poor-gentry to form a separate association. . . .
TO MRS. KIRKPATRICK
[Washington] Wednesday afternoon, March 28, 1837.
. . . . Another object of deep interest which has
engaged me lately, is Mr. Pettrich, the German Sculptor.
The choice of the Artist who is to do the work in the
Capitol, is left to the President, and Persico1 and Pettrich
are the competitors. Their friends are making all the
interest they can, (for every thing goes by favor). Mrs.
Taylor and I are the most zealous suitors on his behalf.
She with the Presd — I with his bosom friend Mr. Butler.
I have written him two letters containing Mr. Pettrich's
1 Persico was the artist selected for the tympanum of the Capitol.
i838] PETTRICH, THE SCULPTOR 379
history &c. Mrs. Butler came to see me in consequence,
and seemed so tenderly interested, that I have great
hopes, though she says Mr. B. can say nothing at present.
I drew up an account of Mr. Pettrich which appeared in
the Globe and Intelligencer and which Mrs Tayloe is
going to send to the New York Mirror. She and I have
kept up a correspondence of notes for a week past and
are both of us solicitous and impatient for the Presi-
dent's decision, as we have both during the last winter
seen poor Mr. P. almost daily. She has been able to do
much more for him than I have and most liberally as-
sisted him in the pecuniary way for he has fallen into
great difficulties. I cannot tell you how much I feel for
him and his poor little wife. He has such a warm grate-
ful heart that no one can know him without being in-
terested for him. I think Mr. and Mrs. Butler will be
his assisting friends, in case he does not get work, for
they are most benevolent people — sincere zealous Chris-
tians. The more I know the beter I like this lovely
family. Most happy is Mr. Van B. in having such a
friend and adviser
FROM MRS. MADISON
Montpellier Sept. ioth 1838.
Yours, of the 6th my ever dear friend has come to
make me blush for my delinquency, nor will I now add a
long apology for an ungracious silence, as is sometimes
done in such cases, but simply tell you that on my arrival
at home after a warm and dusty ride, I found myself
involved in a variety of business — reading, writing, and
flying about the house, garden, and grove — straining my
eyes to the height of my spirits, until they became in-
flamed, and frightened into idleness and to quietly sit-
380 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [Sept.
ting in drawing-room with my kind connexions and
neighbours — sometimes talking like the farmeress, and
often acting the Character from my rocking chair; being
thus obliged to give up one of my most prized enjoy-
ments that of corresponding with enlightened and loved
friends like yourself.
I rejoice to hear that you, Mr. Smith, Anne, Julia and
your son, have been well, and wish you could have been
all here. In truth, I am dissatisfied with the location
of Montpellier, from which I can never separate myself
entirely, when I think how happy I should be if it joined
Washington, where I could see you always, and my
valued acquaintance also of that city, among the first of
whom is dear Mrs. Bomford. — I rejoice too that my dear
Hannah is safe from the eating of grapes — be pleased
to give her an affectionate kiss from me as well as her
little daughters. I am gratified at Dr. Sewall's remem-
brance, and but for recreant eyes, I should have enclosed
him a book ere this.
I cannot express dear friend how much I was affected
at your observations on past attachments, and events,
unless by showing my resemblance to you, in the de-
voted and lively affection I bear to my early friends and
associates — I must refrain however from zvriting much
more now, than that I will apply to Mrs. Willes and
some of my own people for the nurse you desire and if
a suitable opp'y should offer, send her to you — The one
I loaned Mrs. Randolph was totally unfit for the ser-
vice of small children.
Anna has gone to a large party for the day and even-
ing but I hope will return in time to add her respectful
love for you, with mine for Mrs. Smith, Anne and Julia
— for your son too when he returns. A. and myself
never enjoyed better health than now, and we shall take
Mrs. James Madison.
After a water-color by Dr. William Thornton.
i839] MRS. MADISON IN RETIREMENT 381
heed of your good counsel by preserving all sorts of
fruit, which with us has been abundant, as well as
vegetables, tho' the prospect for a winter store of them,
is not good.
When you see our amiable neighbours, of the whole
square, present me most kindly to them — also to Mrs.
Lear Mrs. Thornton and Mrs. Graham.
I left some things of great value to me in my house and
am glad to find from John's account that the depredation
did not amount to more than petty larceny.
Ever your own
D. P. Madison
FROM J. BAYARD H. SMITH
White Sulphur Springs
Greenbrier Court, July 29, 1839
My Dear Mother :
On Sunday afternoon the day I last wrote you I bade
adieu to Montpelier and its kind and hospitable mistress,
having spent a few very pleasant and quiet days. Miss
Payne is as amiable as ever. Two afternoons were
spent in riding on horseback with Mr. Todd.1 We took
such long rides that we did not return until 9 or 10 oclock.
Mrs. Madison appears to live quietly, as while I was with
her there was no company, tho' she said that the house
had been full most of the time since her return. Qn the
first day she had twenty to dine. We did not reach
Charlottsville until 12 ocl. that night, having in our
little stage five persons, two seats and only two horses.
How inferior the travelling in the South is in every
respect to that in the North. Here we have bad horses,
bad vehicles, bad roads, bad public houses, bad bedding,
1 Mrs. Mndison's graceless son, John Payne Todd.
382 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [July
dirty, miserably clothed negroes to wait, nothing wear-
ing the appearance of comfort or neatness; even in the
little villages you pass every thing bears the aspect of
the want of comfort and tidiness and finish, the houses
unpainted, no glass in the windows, and the question is
often asked of yourself how such houses &c can send
forth such well dressed and gentlemanly persons. In
the North the reverse holds good in every instance.
The traveller sees not only comfort, plenty, prosperity,
activity, energy, but luxury and elegance and this in
much newer settled countries than the South. Can it
be that the existence of slavery creates this difference?
I remained one day, Monday, in Charlottsville for the
purpose of visiting its two grand objects of attraction,
Monticello and the University. These I need not de-
scribe to you who have already described them much
better than I could. Mr. Todd at parting gave me a
letter of introduction to Dr. Griffith one of the Pro-
fessors, but upon going to the U. I was informed that he
was absent and as my letter was an open one I took the
liberty of sending it to one who remained, Dr. Cabel
who very politely showed me every part. It is a beau-
tiful institution and in its arrangements &c. surpasses
any other I have seen. Its library is quite large, a per-
son dying in Richmond lately left it an addition of 5 or
6 thousand volumes.
My feelings upon reaching the summit of Monticello
and entering the house, took me completely by surprise.
I rode up the hill at a gallop without thought, but when
I alighted and looked around me the associations of the
place began to rush upon my mind and all were melan-
choly and sad. Around me I beheld nothing but ruin
and change, rotting terraces, broken cabins, the lawn,
ploughed up and cattle wandering among Italian mould-
i84i] DECAY OF MONTICELLO 383
ering vases, and the place seemed the true representa-
tive of the fallen fortunes of the great man and his
family. He died in want, almost his last words were
that if he lived much longer a negro hut must be his
dwelling. His family scattered and living upon the
charity of the world, and to complete the picture the
simple plain granite stone that marks his resting place
defaced and broken and not even a common slab or piece
of wood to distinguish the grave of his loved daughter,
nothing but the red clay, and all his estate even the dust
of his body the possession of a stranger.1 It was with
difficulty I could restrain my tears, and I could not but
exclaim, what is human greatness. At Montpelier and
Mount Vernon no such feelings obtruded themselves.
All wore the appearance of plenty and no change or mis-
fortune had overwhelmed them. . . .
PRESIDENTS HOUSE FORTY YEARS AGO
[1841]
"Walls," it is proverbially said, "have ears," had they
likewise tongues what important, interesting and amus-
ing facts could the walls of the President's House re-
veal. What a variety of characters, of events, of scenes,
recurs to the mind of one who has watched the muta-
tions which have taken place in this dwelling of our chief
magistrates ! Each successive administration seems like
a complete and separate drama performed by new sets of
performers. How changed in every respect, both ex-
ternally and internally is this National Theatre. The
unfinished and comfortless condition of the presidential
mansion is well describel by Mrs. Adams, in her recently
1 From the note book.
384 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
published correspondance. It stood on the wide uncul-
tivated common, without any enclosure, shelter or orna-
ment, and so pervious was it to the weather, that rain
and wind found access even to its best sleeping apart-
ments. But Mrs. Adams had to endure these discom-
forts for only a short season, and whatever her husband
might have felt on descending from his high station,
she, it may be easily imagined, was glad to return to the
comfort and tranquility of her own happy home. Then
came Mr. Jefferson. Borne on the full tide of popu-
larity, sustained by a strong and triumphant party, with
what exhileration of spirit must he have entered on his
new theatre of action. His cabinet was formed of men
of the highest talents, who were not only political, but
personal friends, whose opinions, interests and princi-
ples were so identified with his own, that the different
views necessarily taken by different minds of the same
subjects, never produced a discordance destructive of
unanimity of action. Often has Mr. Jefferson been
heard to declare this distinguishing characteristic of his
administration, was the one which he most highly appre-
ciated. "In fact," said he to a friend, " we were one
family."
When he took up his residence in the President's
House, he found it scantily furnished with articles
brought from Philadelphia and which had been used by
Genl. Washington. These though worn and faded he
retained from respect to their former possessor. His
drawing room was fitted up with the same crimson
damask furniture that had been used for the same pur-
pose in Philadelphia. The additional furniture neces-
sary for the more spacious mansion provided by the gov-
ernment, was plain and simple to excess. The large
East room was unfinished and therefore unused. The
i84i] JEFFERSON'S BIRD 385
apartment in which he took most interest was his cabi-
net; this he had arranged according to his own taste
and convenience. It was a spacious room. In the
centre was a long table, with drawers on each side, in
which were deposited not only articles appropriate to the
place, but a set of carpenter's tools in one and small
garden implements in another from the use of which he
derived much amusement. Around the walls were maps,
globes, charts, books, &c. In the window recesses were
stands for the flowers and plants which it was his delight
to attend and among his roses and geraniums was sus-
pended the cage of his favorite mocking-bird, which he
cherished with peculiar fondness, not only for its melodi-
ous powers, but for its uncommon intelligence and af-
fectionate disposition, of which qualities he gave sur-
prising instances. It was the constant companion of his
solitary and studious hours. Whenever he was alone
he opened the cage and let the bird fly about the room.
After flitting for a while from one object to another, it
would alight on his table and regale him with its sweet-
est notes, or perch on his houlder and take its food from
his lips. Often when he retired to his chamber it would
hop up the stairs after him and while he took his siesta,
would sit on his couch and pour forth its melodious
strains. How he loved this bird! How he loved his
flowers ! He could not live without something to love,
and in the absence of his darling grandchildren, his bird
and his flowers became objects of tender care. In a
man of such dispositions, such tastes, who would recog-
nize the rude, unpolished Democrat, which foreigners
and political enemies described him to be. Although
Sir Augustus Foster1 in his notes lately published has
1 In the Quarterly Review, 1841. Henry Adams in his History of the
United States (vol. i, p. 186) quotes it, but it is without doubt a carica-
ture of Jefferson.
386 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
thus depicted Mr. Jefferson, he candidly says, he be-
lieved his careless toilette and unceremonious manners
to be mere affectation, assumed to win popularity. The
picture this gentleman has drawn of Mr. Jefferson is a
mere characature, in which those who personally knew
him cannot discover a trait of resemblance. If his dress
was plain, unstudied and sometimes old-fashioned in its
form, it was always of the finest materials; in his per-
sonal habits he was fastidiously neat ; and if in his man-
ners he was simple, affable and unceremonious, it was
not because he was ignorant of, but because he despised
the conventional and artificial usages of courts and fash-
ionable life. His simplicity never degenerated into vul-
garity, nor his affability into familiarity. On the con-
trary there was a natural and quiet dignity in his de-
meanour that often produced a degree of restraint in
those who conversed with him, unfavorable to that free
interchange of thoughts and feelings which constitute
the greatest charm of social life. His residence in for-
eign courts never imparted that polish to his manners,
which courts require, and though possessed of ease, they
were deficient in grace. His external appearance had
no pretentions to elegance, but it was neither coarse nor
awkward, and it must be owned his greatest personal
attraction was a countenance beaming with benevolence
and intelligence.
He was called even by his friends, a national man, full
of odd fancies in little things and it must be confessed
that his local and domestic arrangements were full of
contrivances, or conveniences as he called them, pecu-
liarly his own and never met with in other houses. Too
often the practical was sacrificed to the fanciful, as was
evident to the most superficial observer, in the location
and structure of his house at Monticello. "What could
i84i] JEFFERSON'S DUMB-WAITER 387
have induced your father," asked a friend, "to build his
house on this high peak, a place so difficult of access,
where every drop of water must be brought from the
bottom of the mountain and where the soil is so parched
and sterile that it is to be feared his lawn, his shrubbery,
his garden will be all burned up." "I have heard my
father say," replied his daughter, "that when quite a
boy the top of this mountain was his favorite retreat,
here he would bring his books to study, here would pass
his holiday and leisure hours : that he never wearied of
gazing on the sublime and beautiful scenery that spread
around, bounded only by the horizon, or the far off
mountains; and that the indescribable delight he here
enjoyed so attached him to this spot, that he determined
when arrived at manhood he would here build his family
mansion."
The same fanciful disposition characterized all his
architectural plans and domestic arrangements ; and even
in the President's House were introduced some of these
favorite contrivances, many of them really useful and
convenient. Among these, there was in his dining room
an invention for introducing and removing the dinner
without the opening and shutting of doors. A set of
circular shelves were so contrived in the wall, that on
touching a spring they turned into the room loaded with
the dishes placed on them by the servants without the
wall, and by the same process the removed dishes were
conveyed out of the room. When he had any persons
dining with him, with whom he wished to enjoy a free
and unrestricted flow of conversation, the number of
persons at table never exceed four, and by each indi-
vidual was placed a dumb-waiter,1 containing everything
1 Mrs. Smith describes the dumb-waiter in "A Winter in Washington"
Vol. II, p. 34.
388 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
necessary for the progress of the dinner from beginning
to end, so as to make the attendance of servants entirely
unnecessary, believing as he did, that much of the domes-
tic and even public discord was produced by the muti-
lated and misconstructed repetition of free conversation
at dinner tables, by these mute but not inattentive lis-
teners. William McClure and Caleb Lowndes, both
distinguished and well-known citizens of Philadelphia
were invited together to one of these dinners. Mr. Mc-
Clure who had travelled over great part of Europe and
after a long residence in Paris had just returned to the
U. States, could of course impart a great deal of impor-
tant and interesting information with an accuracy and
fullness unattainable through the medium of letters.
Interesting as were the topics of his discourse, Mr. Jef-
ferson gave him his whole attention, but closely as he
listened, Mr. McClure spoke so low, that although seated
by his side, the president scarcely heard half that was
said. "You need not speak so low," said Mr. Jefferson
smiling, "you see we are alone, and oar zvalls have no
ears." "I have so long been living in Paris, where the
walls have ears," replied Mr. McClure, "that I have con-
tracted this habit of speaking in an undertone." He
then described the system of espionage established
throughout France whose vigilance pervaded the most
private circles and retired families, among whose serv-
ants one was sure to be in the employment of the
police.
At his usual dinner parties the company seldom or
ever exceeded fourteen, including himself and his sec-
retary. The invitations were not given promiscuously,
or as has been done of late years, alphabetically, but his
guests were generally selected in reference to their
tastes, habits and suitability in all respects, which atten-
i84i] JEFFERSON'S DINNER-PARTIES 389
tion had a wonderful effect in making his parties more
agreeable, than dinner parties usually are; this limited
number prevented the company's forming little knots
and carrying on in undertones separate conversations, a
custom so common and almost unavoidable in a large
party. At Mr. Jefferson's table the conversation was
general; every guest was entertained and interested in
whatever topic was discussed. To each an opportunity-
was offered for the exercise of his colqquial powers and
the stream of conversation thus enriched by such various
contributions flowed on full, free and animated : of course
he took the lead and gave the tone, with a tact so true and
discriminating that he seldom missed his aim, which was
to draw forth the talents and information of each and all
of his guests and to place every one in an advantageous
light and by being pleased with themselves, be enabled to
please others. Did he perceive any one individual silent
and unattended to, he would make him the object of his
peculiar attention and in a manner apparently the most
undesigning would draw him into notice and make him
a participator in the general conversation. One instance
will be given, which will better illustrate this trait in Mr.
Jefferson's manners of presiding at his table, than any
verbal description. On an occasion when the company
was composed of several distinguished persons and the
conversation earnest and animated, one individual re-
mained silent and unnoticed; he had just arrived from
Europe, where he had so long been a resident, that on
his return he felt himself a stranger in his own country
and was totally unknown to the present company. Af-
ter, seemingly, without design led the conversation to
the desired point, Mr. Jefferson turning to this individual
said, "To you Mr. C, we are indebted to this benefit, no
one more deserves the gratitude of his country." Every
3QO WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
eye was turned on the hitherto unobserved guest, who
honestly looked as much astonished as any one in the
company. The President continued, "Yes, Sir, the up-
land rice which you sent from Algiers, and which thus
far succeeds, will, when generally adopted by the plant-
ers, prove an inestimable blessing to our Southern
states." At once, Mr. C. who had been a mere cypher
in this intelligent circle, became a person of importance
and took a large share in the conversation that ensued.
When Mr. Jefferson took up his residence in Wash-
ington, on becoming the President of the U. S. he did
not forget that he was a fellow citizen of its inhabitants.
While Congress was in session, his invitations were lim-
ited to the members of this body, to official characters and
to strangers of distinction. But during its recess, the
respectable citizens of Alexandria, George Town and
Washington were generally and frequently invited to
his table. On one occasion the Mayor of George Town
and his wife were among the guests and the place of
honor, on Mr. Jefferson's right hand was assigned to her.
She was a plain, uneducated woman, but wishing to do
her prettiest, she thought she must talk to the President
and having heard his name in some way, though she
knew not how, coupled with Carter's mountain, she made
a still more awkward inquiry of him, than Madm Talley-
rand made of Volney when he dined at her husband's
table, for turning to Mr. Jefferson, she asked him if he
did not live close by Carter's mountain." * "Very close,"
he replied, "it is the adjoining mountain to Monticello."
"I suppose its a very convenient pleasant place," per-
1 During the revolution the British under Tarlton invaded Charlottes-
ville where the legislature was temporarily sitting, and Jefferson, who was
Governor of Virginia at the time, fled to Carter's Mountain to avoid capture.
His enemies said he was a coward, but he would have been a fool if he had
not run away.
i84ij JEFFERSON'S SERVANTS 391
sisted the lady not observing the significant frown of her
husband, or the inexpressible smiles of the rest of the
company.
"Why, yes," answered Mr. Jefferson, smiling, "I cer-
tainly found it so, in the war' time." Being puzzled by
this reply and catching a glimpse of her husband's coun-
tenance, she forbore any further inquiries on the sub-
ject, and not being able to think of any else to say in
which the President might be interested, she remained
silent during the rest of the entertainment.
One circumstance, though minute in itself, had cer-
tainly a great influence on the conversational powers of
Mr. Jefferson's guests. Instead of being arrayed in
strait parallel lines, where they could not see the coun-
tenances of those who sat on the same side, they en-
circled a round, or oval table where all could see each
others faces, and feel the animating influence of looks
as well as of words. Let any dinner giver try the ex-
periment and he will certainly be convinced of the truth
of this fact. A small, well assorted company, seated
around a circular table will ensure more social enjoy-
ment, than any of the appliances of wealth and splen-
dour, without these concomitants.
The whole of Mr. Jefferson's domestic establishment
at the Presidents House exhibited good taste and good
judgement. He employed none but the best and most
respectable persons in his service. His maitre-d'hotel
had served in some of the first families abroad, and
understood his business to perfection. The excellence
and superior skill of his French cook was acknowledged
by all who frequented his table, for never before had
such dinners been given in the President's House, nor
such a variety of the finest and most costly wines. In
his entertainments, republican simplicity was united to
392 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
Epicurean delicacy ; while the absence of splendour orna-
ment and profusion was more than compensated by the
neatness, order and elegant sufficiency that pervaded the
whole establishment.
He secured the best services of the best domestics,
not only by the highest wages, but more especially by
his uniform justice, moderation and kindness and by the
interest he took in their comfort and welfare. Without
an individual exception they all became personally at-
tached to him and it was remarked by an inmate of his
family, that their watchful cheerful attendance, seemed
more like that of humble friends, than mercenary meni-
als. During the whole time of his residence here, no
changes, no dismissions took place in his well-ordered
household and when that time expired each individual
on leaving his service, was enabled by his generous inter-
ference, to form some advantageous establishment for
themselves, and in losing him felt as if they had lost
a father. In sickness he was peculiarly attentive to their
wants and sufferings, sacrificing his own convenience to
their ease and comfort. On one occasion when the fam-
ily of one of his domestics had the whooping cough, he
wrote to a lady who resided at some distance from the
city, requesting her to send him the receipt for a remedy,
which he had heard her say had proved effectual in the
case of her own children when labouring under this
disease. This lady relates another instance of his kind
consideration; she noticed a piece of furniture, of a
rather singular form as she was passing through a small
parlour leaning on his arm and struck by its beauty as
well as novelty, stopped to enquire its use. He touched
a spring, the little doors flew open, and disclosed within,
a goblet of water, a decanter of wine, a plate of light
cakes, and a night-taper. "I often sit up late," said he,
i84i] JEFFERSON'S IMPROVEMENTS 393
"and my wants are thus provided for without keeping
a servant up."
The place of coachman, was little more than a sinecure,
as his handsome chariot and four beautiful horses, were
never used except when his daughters visited him. He
paid no visits and when he took his daily ride, it was
always on horseback and alone. It was then he enjoyed
solitude, surrounded only by the works of nature of
which he was a fond lover and great admirer. He used
to explore the most lonely paths, the wildest scenes
among the hills and woods of the surrounding country,
and along the high and wooded banks of the Potomac.
He was passionately fond of botany, not a plant from the
lowliest weed to the loftiest tree escaped his notice, dis-
mounting from his horse he would climb rocks, or wade
through swamps to obtain any plant he discovered or
desired and seldom returned from these excursions with-
out a variety of specimens of the plants he had met
with. . . .
He was very anxious to improve the ground around
the President's House ; but as Congress would make no
appropriation for this and similar objects, he was obliged
to abandon the idea, and content himself with enclosing
it with a common stone wall and sewing it down in
grass. Afterwards when the grisly Bears, brought by
Capt Lewis from the far west, (where he had been
to explore the course of the Missouri,) were confined
within this enclosure a witty federalist called it the
President's bear-garden. How the federalists delighted
to turn all Mr. Jefferson did or said into ridicule!
In planning the improvement of these grounds, it was
Mr. Jefferson's design to have planted them exclusively
with Trees, shrubs and flowers indigenous to our native
soil. He had a long list made out in which they were
394 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
arranged according to their forms and colours and the
seasons in which they flourished. To him it would have
been a high gratification to have improved and orna-
mented our infant City. But the only thing he could
effect, was planting Pennsylvania Avenue with Lombard
Poplars, which he designed only for a temporary shade,
until Willow oaks, (a favorite tree of his) could attain
a sufficient size. But this plan had to be relinquished as
well as many others from the want of funds.
By his desire, our Consuls at every foreign port, col-
lected and transmitted to him seeds of the finest vege-
tables and fruits that were grown in the countries where
they resided. These he would distribute among the
market-gardeners in the City (for at that time there
was abundant space, not only for gardens, but little
farms, within the City bounds), not sending them but
giving himself and accompanying his gifts with the in-
formation necessary for their proper culture and man-
agement, and afterwards occasionally calling to watch
the progress of their growth. This excited the emula-
tion of our horticulturists, and was the means of greatly
improving our markets. For their further encourage-
ment, the President ordered his steward to give the
highest prices for the earliest and best products of these
gardens. There were .two nursery-gardens he took
peculiar delight in, partly on account of their romantic
and picturesque location and the beautiful rides that led
to them, but chiefly because he discovered in their pro-
prietors, an uncommon degree of scientific information,
united with an enthusiastic love of their occupation.
Mr. Mayne, a shrewd, intelligent, warm hearted Scotch-
man, rough as he was in his manners and appearance,
could not be known, without being personally liked. It
was he who introduced into this section of our country,
i84i] JEFFERSON AS A PHILOSOPHER 395
the use of the American Thorn for hedges. This was the
favorite, though not exclusive object of his zealous in-
dustry. Rare fruits and flowers were his pride and
delight : this similarity of tastes made Mr. Jefferson find
peculiar pleasure, in furnishing him with foreign plants
and seeds, and in visiting his plantations on the high
banks of the Potomac. Although the President made
no visits in the city, he would often call on acquaintances,
whose houses he passed in his rides, and show a lively
interest in their rural improvements ; with such he would
always share the plants and seeds* he received from
abroad. Mr. Jefferson was known in Europe as much,
if not more, as a philosopher, than as a politician. Mr.
Jefferson's acquaintance in this wide and distinguished
circle in Paris, made him well known throughout Eu-
rope, and when he became President his reputation as a
Philosopher and man of letters brought many literary
and scientific foreigners to our country. Among others
Baron Humboldt, one day in answer to some enquiries
addressed to this celebrated traveller, he replied, "I have
come not to see your great Rivers and Mountains, but
to become acquainted with your great-men." Of these,
he held Mr. Jefferson in the highest estimation. Soon
after the Baron's arrival on our shores, he hastened to
Washington, and during his visit to our city, passed many
hours of every day with Mr. Jefferson. Baron Hum-
boldt, formed not his estimate of men and manners, by
their habiliments and conventionalisms, and refined as
were his tastes, and polished as were his manners, he was
neither shocked or disgusted, as was the case with the
British Minister (Mr. Foster) by the old fashioned
form, ill-chosen colours, or simple material of the Pres-
ident's dress. Neither did he remark the deficiency of
elegance in his person, or of polish in his manners, but
396 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [i84r
indifferent to these external and extrinsic circumstances,
he easily discerned, and most highly appreciated the in-
trinsic qualities of the Philosophic Statesman through
even the homely costume, which had concealed them
from the ken of the fastidious diplomat.
Were all travellers like Baron Humboldt, they would
obtain much more correct and extensive information of
the countries and people they visited, than is too com-
monly the case. He was most truly a citizen of the
world, and wherever he went he felt himself perfectly
at home. Under all governments, in all climes, he rec-
ognized man as his brother. Kind, frank, cordial in
his disposition, expansive and enlightened in his views,
his sympathies were never chilled, his opinions never
warped by prejudice. The varieties of condition, of
character, of customs he met with among the nations he
visited, were never subjected to the test of his own feel-
ings and perceptions, but tried by the universal standard
of abstract principles of utility, justice, goodness.
His visits at the President's-House, were unshackled
by mere ceremony and not limited to any particular
hour. One evening he called about twilight and being
shown into the drawing room without being announced,
he found Mr. Jefferson seated on the floor, surrounded
by half a dozen of his little grandchildren so eagerly and
noisily engaged in a game of romps that for some mo-
ments his entrance was not perceived. When his pres-
ence was discovered Mr. Jefferson rose up and shaking
hands with him, said, "you have found me playing the
fool Baron, but I am sure to you I need make no appol-
ogy."1
Another time he called of a morning and was taken
into the Cabinet; as he sat by the table, among the
1This appears in "A Winter in Washington," Vol. II, p. 34.
i84i] ANECDOTE OF HUMBOLDT 397
newspapers that were scattered about, he perceived one,
that was always filled with the most virulent abuse of
Mr. Jefferson, calumnies the most offensive, personal
as well as political. "Why are these libels allowed ?"
asked the Baron taking up the paper, "why is not this
libelous journal suppressed, or its Editor at least, fined
and imprisoned ?"
Mr. Jefferson smiled, saying, "Put that paper in your
pocket Baron, and should you hear the reality of our
liberty, the freedom of our press, questioned, show this
paper, and tell where you found it."1
Baron Humboldt was fond of repeating these and other
similar anecdotes of the man he so much admired.
A French traveller of distinction, who was often with
Mr. Jefferson, mentioned that having accompanied hifn
one day to review the militia of the district, as they rode
along he expressed his surprise that the President of the
U. S. who was commander in chief of our military forces
should on this occasion go in his citizen's dress, instead
of wearing a military uniform, and enquired his reason
for so doing, "To show," replied Mr. Jefferson, "that
the civil is superior to the military power."2
When this traveller returned to France, among other
enquiries made of him by the Emperor, Napoleon asked
him, "what sort of government is that of the U. S.?"
"One, Sire," replied he, "that is neither seen or felt."
Mr. Jefferson had no levees, but received visitors
every morning at certain hours, excepting on New
Year's-day and the Fourth of July. On these grand oc-
casions not only the President's House, but the city was
thronged with visitors from George Town, Alexandria
and the surrounding country. They were national festi-
1 See "A Winter in Washington," Vol. II, p. 37.
2 This appears in "A Winter in Washington," Vol. I, p. 202.
398 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
vals, on which the doors of the Presidential mansion
were thrown open for persons of all classes, where
abundance of refreshments were provided for their
entertainment. On Mr. Jefferson's accession to the
Presidency the Mayor and corporation had waited on
him, requesting to be informed, which was his birthday,
as they wished to celebrate it with proper respect.
"The only birthday I ever commemorate," replied he,
"is that of our Independence, the Fourth of July." *
During his administration it was in truth a gala-day in
our city. The well uniformed and well appointed militia
of the district, the Marine-Corps and often other
military companies, paraded through the avenues and
formed on the open space in front of the President's
House, their gay appearance and martial musick, en-
livening the scene, exhilerating the spirits of the throngs
of people who poured in from the country and adjacent
towns. At that time there were no buildings no in-
cisures in the vicinity of the President's house, but a
wide extended pleasant and grassy common, where the
inhabitants found pleasant walks and the herds and
flocks abundant pasture. It exhibited really a charm-
ing and lively scene on this national festival. Tempo-
rary tents and boothes were scattered over the surface,
for the accomodation of the gay crowds, who here
amused themselves and from whence there was a good
view of the troops as they marched in front of the Pres-
ident's-House ; and of the President, the heads of De-
partments and the foreign ministers who stood around
him on the high steps of the house, receiving and re-
turning their salutations as they passed in review. Mr.
Jefferson's tall figure and grey locks waving in the air,
(for he always on these occasions stood with uncovered
1 See "A Winter in Washington," Vol. I, p. 1 1.
is4i] FOURTH OF JULY RECEPTIONS 399
head), was easily distinguished among the other official
personages who surrounded him. After this review,
the soldiers were dismissed to mingle with their fellow
citizens on the common, while the officers in a body went
to the President's-house, where the great Hall, (not then
divided, as it now is1) and all the reception rooms were
filled with company; displaying to advantage the col-
lected beauty and fashion, the wealth and respectability
of the residents of the District of Columbia. Tables in
each corner of the largest-room were covered with con-
fectionary, wines, punch, lemonade, etc. where without
the intervention of servants, the company could partake
of their refreshments. There was little form or cere-
mony observed at these re-unions. Every one as they
entered shook hands with the President, who stood with
a cheerful kindly countenance and cordial manner, in the
centre of the Drawing-Room2 to receive the company;
each one after the interchange of a few sentences, gave
place to others and mingled with the various groups that
promenaded the other apartments. The national airs
played by the Marine Band, which was stationed in
the Hall, awakened patriotic feelings, as well as gaiety.
No one could forget that it was the Fourth of July!
About three oclock the company would disperse, the
ladies to return home, the gentlemen to re-assemble at
the great public dinner, where the most respectable cit-
izens and all persons connected with the government,
(the President, excepted,) together with the Foreign
ministers, united in celebrating the day with musick,
wine and eloquence ; for the toasts given on the occasion
were always followed with a speech or a song. Such
forty years ago, was the manner in which the Fourth
1 It was restored by Mr. McKim in 1902.
2 Now known as the blue room.
4oo WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
of July was commemorated in Washington. What a
change since then!
The first of January, the only other public reception
day, the same out-of-door hilarity could not, of course,
take place. The military companies after parade were
dismissed, with exception of the officers, who with other
citizens thronged to the President's House. Here the
arrangements were the same as on the Fourth of July.
Congress being in session, the company of course was
more numerous and interesting, strangers of distinction
from all parts of the Union at this season resorted to the
seat of government ; even our savage brethren from the
woods and wilds of the Far west. On one occasion de-
scribed by Sir A. Foster in his "Notices of the U. S" he
seems to think the President failed in paying due respect
to the gentlemen of the diplomatic corps. "The Presi-
dent took care to show his preference on New Year's
day, by giving us, (the diplomatic corps) only a bow,
while with them he entered into a long conversation."
(Foster's Notes on U. S.).
It really may have been so, and not only the Pres-
ident but the whole assembled company may have par-
ticipated in this neglect, so lively was the interest and
the curiosity excited by the appearance of the Osage-
Chiefs and their attendant squaws. And likewise of the
Tunisan Minister, Meley Meley, and his splendid and
numerous suite.1 It must be confessed that in their
turbaned heads, their bearded faces, their Turkish cos-
tume, rich as silk, velvet, cashmere, gold and pearls
could make it, attracted more general and marked
attention than the more familiar appearance of the
European Ministers. These two embassies, one from
JSee "A Winter in Washington," Vol. I, p. 23 for an account of the
Indians, and the same p. 20 for the Tunisian minister.
i84i] COSTUMES OF OSAGES 401
Africa the other from the wilderness of the Far West,
were so unique, so extraordinary, so strangely contrasted,
that they were irresistibly attractive to the company at
large, though it seems scarcely possible that the Presi-
dent should have been so exclusive in his attention to
savage chieftans, as to have neglected proper civilities
to the representatives of royalty, however anxious he
might have been to court democratic popularity, the rea-
son assigned by the writer for his plain dress and plain
manners.
These Osages, were noble specimens of the human-
race, and would have afforded fine studies for the painter
or sculptor. Tall, erect, finely proportioned and ma-
jectic in their appearance, dignified, graceful and lofty
in their demeanour, they seemed to be nature's own
nobility. By the President's desire they appeared in
their own national costume. In their deer-skin mocco-
sions and cloth leggings ornamented with embroidery
and fringes of coloured beads, their faces and bodies in
full paint, or as we would say in full dress and covered
with blankets, worn as Spaniards wear their cloaks,
wrapped gracefully around, leaving the right arm free.
With the exception of a tuft of hair on the crown,
the head was entirely and smoothly shaven. Ear-rings,
armlets, and a silver medal of Washington, their great
father, suspended round the neck, completed their toi-
lette. The habiliments of their wives had been left
to the taste of the lady of the Secretary of war, and
great was her difficulty in deciding, what they should be.
Some of the ladies whom she called to the consultation,
proposed silks and satins of the gaudiest colours, others
were for showy and rich chintzes. One, rather a ro-
mantic lady, who loved the picturesque, voted for the
blankets, and other simple articles belonging to their
4o2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
wildwood costume. The middle course was adopted, and
short gowns and petticoats were provided for them of
showy, large figured chintz, without any trinkets or orna-
ments, these being exclusively appropriated to the lords
of creation. A lady placed a bunch of artificial flowers
in the hair of one of these women, who instantly, in-
stinctively as it were, drew it out, carried it to her hus-
band and stuck it behind his ear ; he received it as his due
and as a matter of course.
One would have supposed in a scene so novel and
imposing as was that day exhibited to these sons of the
Forest, that some indication of curiosity or surprise might
have been discovered in words, looks or gestures, but
not the slightest emotion of any kind was visible. Im-
perturbable as the rocks of their savage homes, they
stood in a kind of dignified and majestic stillness, calmly
looking on the gay and bustling scene around them. But
no one that looked on their finely formed features and in-
telligent countenances could have mistaken their imper-
turbability for stupidity, — it was evidently the pride of the
stoic, dispising and therefore subduing the indulgence of
natural feeling. Mr. Jefferson who had long and deeply
studied the character of our aboriginees told a friend
with whom he was conversing on this subject, that he
had on various occasions made many experiments, and
endeavours by the exhibition of the most striking and
curious objects to elicit some expression of astonishment
or surprise, but never, except in a single instance, suc-
ceeded in exacting any obvious emotion, and this was on
an occasion when he had the chiefs of a remote tribe to
dine with him. During the progress of dinner, strange
and incomprehensible as every object around them must
have been, and distasteful as, probably the mode of
cooking was, they exhibited no emotion whatever, until
i84i] ICE IN MID-SUMMER 403
the wine, in coolers filled with ice were placed on table.
On seeing the ice, one of the chiefs looked on the others
with an expression of doubt and surprise, to which their
looks responded. To satisfy the doubt evidently felt by
all, the elder chief took hold of a piece of ice, started
when he felt it, and handed it to his companions, who
seemed equally startled. It must be noticed, that it was
a hot day in July. The indians after being convinced
it was ice, began talking to each other with eagerness
and vehemence. Mr. Jefferson turned to the interpre-
ter for an explanation. "We now believe," said the
chief, "that what our brothers told us when they came
back from the great cities was all true, though at the
time we thought they were telling us lies, when they told
us of all the strange things they saw, for they never saw
anything so wonderful as this that we now see and feel.
Ice in the middle of summer ! We now can believe any-
thing!" Meley-Meley expressed a most lively interest
about these Osages. He examined their forms coun-
tenances and habits and was particularly struck by the
mode in which their heads were shaved, leaving only
a tuft of hair on the crown. He took off his turban and
showed them that his head was shaven after the same
fashion, and enquired if their people had always worn it
so. "Who then were your fathers? where did your
fathers come from? did they come from my country?
for in this and other things you do, you are like my
people, and our father was Ishmael." Such were some
of the observations Meley-Meley made through the
medium of their respective interpreters.
The Tunisan minister was the lion of the season and
during the winter, he and his splendid suite were in-
vited to all the fashionable parties, where he could not
conceal his astonishment at the freedom with which he
4o4 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
was accosted by our ladies and the general liberty al-
lowed them in society. He brought most sumptuous
presents for the officers of government and likewise their
wives. But in compliance with our laws, these presents
could not be accepted, to return them would be an of-
fence to the government by whom they were sent, the
only course that could be devised was to have them pub-
licly sold. And sold they were much to the regret of the
ladies to whom they had been presented. Rich cash-
mere shawls, and robes, a superb silver dressing-case,
rare essences and other splendid articles for female use,
were all disposed of. The articles designed for the
officers of governments, such as curious and richly inlaid
sabres, muskets etc. were deposited in the State-Depart-
ment, where they are still to be seen, together with sim-
ilar presents from other governments.1
When Mr. Jefferson's daughters were with him they
visited and received visits on exactly the same terms as
other ladies in the same society. There had been a
great deal of difficulty about points of etiquette with
foreign ministers. The President had decided that
our home ministers (viz, heads of Departments) should
take precedence of foreign ministers, and that the sen-
ators should receive the first visit from our own, as well
as foreign ministers. Exceptions were taken to both
these regulations and a really serious matter made of
it by the English minister, Mr. Merry, who threatened
an appeal to his government.2 When Mrs. R. Mr. Jef-
ferson's daughter, arived, Mrs. Merry wrote her a note
requesting to be informed, whether she wished to be
visited as the wife of a member of congress, or as the
1 Very few are now there, the greater part having been deposited with the
National Museum.
2 It is a well-known story. Mrs. Merry inspired the dispute and her hus-
band nursed it till it grew into an international incident.
i84i] JEFFERSON IN THE HOME CIRCLE 405
daughter of the President. Mrs. R. replied, she claimed
no distinction whatever, but wished only for the same
consideration extended to other strangers. Even when
his daughters were with him, Mr. Jefferson never had
Drawing-rooms, or even private evening parties and
only such as were on terms of personal intimacy ever
made evening visits to the President's House. His
friends and intimate acquaintance enjoyed in these even-
ing visits all the ease and freedom of the domestic circle.
Mr. Jefferson, democrat as he was, and accessible as he
was to all classes of his fellow citizens, contrived to se-
cure to himself the pleasure of a select and refined
society, without resorting to any of the offensive and
exclusive forms and ceremonies, which in European
society constitute the barriers which separate the differ-
ent orders of society. His personal demeanor, simple
and affable as it was, had a restraining dignity which re-
pressed undue familiarity and prevented the intrusion of
promiscuous or undesired visitants. In this home-circle,
if it may be so called, Mr. Jefferson appeared to the
greatest advantage as a man. Public station and public
cares were equally laid side, while the father of the
family, the friend, the companion, the man of letters,
the philosopher, charmed all who were thus admitted to
his private society. His grand-children would steal to
his side, while he was conversing with his friends, and
climb his knee, or lean against his shoulder, and he with^
out interrupting the flow of conversation would quietly
caress them. Frank and communicative, (as some said
even to excess,) he would talk of any thing and every
thing that interested these around him. Some of his
friends most delighted in hearing him talk of himself,
of his residence abroad, the character and scenes that
there fell under his observation, these, he delineated
4o6 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
with such vividness and fidelity that the impressions
originally made on himself were transferred to his
hearers and that kind of sympathy was excited, which
mingles mind with mind and heart with heart.
Those who have enjoyed his society in the home-circle
will acknowledge that it was there they most admired
and loved Mr. Jefferson, and will thus justify an asser-
tion of one of his most violent and imbittered political
opponents. "No one," said Judge P[a]tt[erso]n,
(Judge of the Supreme Court), "can know Mr. Jeffer-
son and be his personal enemy. , Few, if any, are more
oposed to him as a politician than I am, and until re-
cently I utterly disliked him as a man as well as a
politician. And how was that dislike removed? By
travelling together, three day. I was on one of my
southern circuits, and in a public stage found myself
seated by his side. I did not know who he was, neither
did he know me for the first day we travelled together,
but conversed like travellers on general and common
place subjects. By degrees the conversation became
more specific and interesting, political as well as other
topics were discussed. I was highly pleased with his
remarks, for though we differed on many points he dis-
played an impartiality, a freedom from prejudice, that
at that period were unusual. There was a mildness and
amenity in his voice and manner that at once softened
any of the asperities of />ar/y-spirit that I felt, for of
course we did not converse long without the mutual
discovery that he was a democrat and I a federalist. At
the conclusion of our day's journey, when we left the
carriage, the first greeting of the host, made known to
me that my fellow traveller was Mr. Jefferson. He
soon informed himself of my name. We travelled two
other days together and at the end of our journey, parted
i84i] AVERSION TO MOURNING 407
friends, though still as politicians, diametrically opposed ;
I repeat that no man can be personally acquainted with
Mr. Jefferson and remain his personal enemy."
The value of the testimony thus given in Mr. Jeffer-
son's favour, will be more sensibly felt by a knowledge
of Judge P[a]tt[erso]n's common opinions of his politi-
cal opponents. On an occasion when he had the members
of the Jersey-Bar dining at his table, along with other
company, some of them ladies, as usual when the wine
was circulating after dinner, toasts were given ; a young
lady totally ignorant of politics, having heard the elo-
quence of Mr. Giles, highly extolled, in the simplicity of
her heart, when called upon for a toast gave "Mr.
Giles." 1 Judge P. looked astounded, and almost angrily
exclaimed, while he struck the table violently with his
hand, "You had better give the devil next!" Yet this
man did full justice to Mr. Jefferson, whose political
character he looked upon in the same light as that of
Mr. Giles.
Although Mr. Jefferson had been called a visionary
man and certainly did love to theorize and philosophize
on the perfect-ability of man, yet he was likewise an
essentially practical man, and like Franklin studied the
most minute circumstances that influenced the welfare,
comfort and improvement of social life. Among other
customs which he thought did more harm than good,
was the wearing mourning for deceased relatives, and
making very expensive funerals. Could these observ-
ances be confined to the rich, they would be, he said,
comparatively harmless, but as such a limitation was
impossible, the only way to check the evil, was by the
wealthy class renouncing these expensive shows and
1 William Branch Giles of Virginia, an exceedingly intemperate and
extreme Republican.
4o8 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [xft4i
forms of grief, which to the poorer classes were not
only inconvenient, but often ruinous.
On this point, he enforced precept by example. When
he lost his almost idolized daughter Mrs. E.[ppes] keenly
and deeply as he felt this bereavement, neither he nor
any of his family put on mourning, neither did he make
any change in his social habits, but continued his dinner
parties and received company as usual, considering it as
a portion of his public duty to receive and entertain mem-
bers of Congress and other official characters. In this
he went too far and miscalculated the common feelings
of humanity, which on such an occasion would have ap-
proved rather than condemned his secluding himself for
a while from society; he had not sufficient faith in the
sympathies of human nature and imputed to it an un-
deserved degree of selfishness, when he believed it his
duty to sink the private in the public man. At the time
persons said, "What a stoic Mr. Jefferson is." But it
was not stoicism, as those who saw him watching over
the declining life of this beloved child, might have told
them. During some time before her decease, he had
her with him at Monticello, where he devoted himself
exclusively to her. She suffered less and breathed
more easily in the open air, and was daily drawn
for hours together through the grounds in a low gar-
den-chair, he never allowed any one to draw this chair
but himself. Dearly did he prize, deeply did he grieve
for his lovely and beloved child. Mr. Jefferson was
no stoic.
As the term of his official life drew towards a close,
he looked brighter and happier. Could it be otherwise,
even allowing him to be an ambitious man, for had he
not gained the goal and won the highest prize, the am-
bition of an american citizen could obtain? He was
i84i] FRIENDSHIP FOR MADISON 409
urged by his friends to stand another election, but posi-
tively declined, "He longed," as he expressed himself in
a letter to his daughter, "he longed for the privacy and
tranquility of home." To this home he looked as a
secure and peaceful haven, where he might repose after
the excitements and peril of a stormy voyage. He san-
guinely calculated on Mr. Madison as his successor, and
consequently on a continuance of the same policy that had
governed his own administration. For this excellent
man, Mr. Jefferson felt not only the esteem and con-
fidence of the most perfect friendship, but an almost
paternal affection and was as ambitious for him, as he
had ever been for himself. There are few if any in-
stances of friendship so perfect, so unselfish as that
which entered these two great men. In a letter to a
friend, Mr. Madison gives the following account of the
commencement and growth of this friendship.
"I was a stranger to Mr. Jefferson till the year 1776
when he took his seat in the first legislature under the
constitution of Virginia, then newly framed ; being at the
time, myself, a member of that body, and for the first
time a member of any public body. The acquaintance
then made with him was very slight, the distance be-
tween our ages being considerable and other distances
being more so. During part of the time whilst he was
governor of the State, I had a seat in the council associ-
ated with him. Our acquaintance then became intimate
and a friendship was formed, which was for life and
which was never interrupted in the slightest degree, for
a moment.',
No wonder then that Mr. Jefferson looked forward
with satisfaction to the close of his political life, believing
as he confidently did that Mr. Madison would fill the
place he vacated, and would carry out those principles
4io WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
and measures which he sincerely thought would best pro-
mote his country's good.
On the morning of Mr. Madison's inauguration, he
asked Mr. Jefferson to ride in his carriage with him to
the Capitol, but this he declined, and in answer to one
who enquired of him why he had not accompanied his
friend, he smiled and replied, "I wished not to divide
with him the honors of the day, it pleased me better to see
them all bestowed on him." A large procession of cit-
izens, some in carriages, on horse back, and still larger
on foot, followed Mr. Madison along Pennsylvania ave-
nue to the Capitol, among those On horse-back was Mr.
Jefferson ; unattended by even a servant, undistinguished
in any way from his fellow citizens. Arrived at the Cap-
itol he dismounted and "Oh! shocking," as many, even
democrats, as well as the British minister Mr. Foster,
might have exclaimed, he hitched his own horse to a
post, and followed the multitude into the Hall of Repre-
sentatives.1 Here a seat had been prepared for him
near that of the new President, this he declined, and
when urged by the Committee of arrangement, he re-
plied, "This day I return to the people and my proper
seat is among them." Surely this was carrying democ-
racy too far, but it was not done, as his opponents said,
from a mere desire of popularity; he must have known
human nature too well, not to know that the People de-
light to honor, and to see honored their chosen favorite ;
besides what more popularity could he now desire, his cup
was already running over and could have held no more.
No, he wished by his example as well as his often ex-
pressed opinions, to establish the principle of political
equality.
1 Here is probably the origin of the apocryphal story that Jefferson
hitched his horse to the fence when he was inaugurated himself.
i84i] JEFFERSON'S LAST RECEPTION 411
After the ceremony of Inauguration, Mr. Madison fol-
lowed by the same crowd returned home to his private
house, where he and Mrs. Madison received the visits of
the foreign ministers and their fellow citizens. It was
the design, as generally understood, after paying their
respects to the new President, that citizens should go
to the President's House and pay a farewell visit to
Mr. Jefferson ; but to the surprise of everyone, he him-
self, was among the visitors at Mr. Madison's. A lady
who was on terms of intimacy with the ex-President
and could therefore take that liberty, after telling him
that the present company and citizens generally, desired
to improve this last opportunity of evincing their re-
spects by waiting on him, added her hopes that he would
yet be at home in time to receive them. "This day
should be exclusively my friend's," replied he, "and I
am too happy in being here, to remain at home." "But
indeed Sir you must receive us, you would not let all
these ladies all your friends find an empty house, for at
any rate we are determined to go, and to express even
on this glad occasion, the regret we feel on losing you."
His countenance discovered some emotion, he made no
reply, but bowed expressively. The lady had no posi-
tive information to give those who had requested her to
enquire whether Mr. Jefferson would receive company,
but watching his motions, found that after a little while
he had silently slipped through the crowd and left the
room. This she communicated to the company, who
with one accord determined to follow him to the Presi-
dent's house. It was evident that he had not expected
this attention from his friends and fellow citizens, as his
whole house-hold had gone forth to witness the cere-
monies of the day. He was alone; but not, therefore,
the less happy, for not one of the eager crowd that fol-
4i2 WASHINGTON SOCIETY [1841
lowed Mr. Madison, was as anxious as himself to show
every possible mark of respect to the new President.
How mournful was this last interview! Every one
present semed to feel it so, and as each in turn shook
hands with him, their countenances expressed more
forcibly than their words the regret they felt on losing
one who had been the uniform friend of the city, and of
the citizens, with whom they had lived on terms of hos-
pitality and kindness.
In the evening there was an Inauguration Ball. Mr.
Jefferson was among the first that entered the Ball-
room; he came before the President's arrival. "Am I
too early?" said he to a friend. "You must tell me how
to behave for it is more than forty years since I have
been to a ball."
In the course of the evening, some one remarked to
him, "You look so happy and satisfied Mr. Jefferson, and
Mr. Madison looks so serious not to say sad, that a spec-
tator might imagine that you were the one coming in,
and he the one going out of office."
"There's good reason for my happy and his serious
looks," replied Mr. Jefferson, "I have got the burthen
off my shoulders, while he has now got it on his."
Thus closed Mr. Jefferson's eight years residence in
Washington. The constant interest he had taken in the
improvement of the city, the frank hospitality he had ex-
tended to the citizens, made his departure the subject
of general regret.
i842] CLAY'S CONGRATULATIONS 413
FROM HENRY CLAY
My Dear Madam
I received your kind invitation to your party, given
on the interesting occasion of your sons marriage,1 and
fully intending to attend it, I did not before reply to
your friendly note. There is no house in the city to
which I would go, with more pleasure, under such cir-
cumstances; but the badness of the evening, and the
delicate state of my health will not allow me to venture
out, and I must therefore limit myself to a cordial con-
gratulation on the event which has happened, and the
expression of a fervent wish that the young couple may
realize all the happiness which they anticipate, and all
that their parents desire for them.
With great esteem and regard
I am faithfully yr's
H. Clay
Mrs. M. H. Smith, Wash'n 7 Mar. 42
Jonathan Bayard H. Smith married Henrietta E. Henley, daughter of
Commodore John Dandridge Henley, U. S. N., a nephew of Mrs. George
Washington, March 3, 1842.
THE END
INDEX
Abbott, Jacob, 370
Adams, John Quincy, relations
with Calhoun, 163; Crawford's
preference for, 175; asks Craw-
ford to remain in his cabinet,
178; making his cabinet, 180;
election of, 181, 182, 186, 187;
Crawford, letter to, 193; presi-
dent of Columbian Institute,
208 ; feeble health of, 257 ; rents
house of Commodore Porter,
258; in House of Representa-
tives, 325
Adams, Mrs. John Quincy, 150,
170, 248
Antrobus, Mr., 135
Armstrong, Robert, 89, 113, 115
Astley, Mr., 148
Bacon, Ezekiel, 93
Bagot, Sir Charles and Mrs., 134,
135
Bailey, Mr. and Mrs. Theodorus,
19
Bailey, Mrs. Theodorus, 18
Bailey, Theodorus, 144, 211
Baldwin, Henry, 147, 283
Bankhead, Mr., 70, 72
Bankhead, Mrs. (Anne Jefferson),
67, 74
Barbour, Cornelia, 331
Barbour, James, 137, 138, 208, 209,
325
Barbour, Miss, 137, 138
Barbour, Mrs. James, 208
Barbour, Philip Pendleton, 227,
228, 268, 279
Barlow, Joel, 48, 49, 55
Barlow, Mrs. Joel, 136, 139, 165,
205
Barnet, Mrs., 258
Barney, Joshua, 102
Barret, Mr., 346
Barret, Mrs., 238, 345
Barry, Wm. T., 311
Barton, Col., 164
Bayard, James A., 10, 24, 26, 344,
362
Bayard, John Murray, 88
Bayard, Mrs. James A., 56, 57
Beckley, John, 45
Beckley, Mr. and Mrs. John, 43
Bell, Mrs., 1, 5
Bently, Mrs., 100, 101, 104, 107
Benton, Mrs. Thomas H., 294
Berrian, John H., 282, 307, 311
Berry, Duke of, 150
Beverly, the Misses, 161
Biddle, Nicholas, 223, 307
Bladensburg, battle of, 100
Blake, Mr., 135
Bleecker, Anthony, 166, 168, 169
Bomford, George, 211, 314, 346,
347, 380
Bomford, Col. and Mrs. George,
139, 190, 247, 268
Bomford, Mrs. George, 136, 145,
156, 157, 209, 210, 245, 308, 354,
367
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 267
Bordeaux, Mrs., 156, 206, 354
Bourquinay, Mr., 135
Boyd, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel, 166
Boyd, Samuel, 163
415
416
INDEX
Bradley, Dr., 99
Bradley, Mrs., 118, 152, 159, 290
Bradley, Willie, 99
Branch, John, 311, 312
Breckenridge, Caroline, 245, 268
Breckenridge, Rev. John, 16, 159,
160, 272, 279
Brent, Robert, 56
British, the, near Washington, 89,
98
Brookville, Mrs. Smith, takes
refuge in, 98
Brooks, Mrs., 346
Brown, Jacob, 185, 208
Brown, Mr. and Mrs. James, 139,
163
Brown, Mr. and Mrs. John, 19
Brown, Mrs. John, 12, 18, 91, 130,
3M
Brush, Mrs., 112, 114, 115, 328
Bryan, Mrs., 346
Bryan, William, 247, 346, 347
Buck, Mr., 148
Burnels, Mrs., 270
Burning of Washington, news of,
100
Burr, Aaron, 10, 21
Burrows, Capt, 30
Butler, Mrs. Benjamin R, 356
Caldwell, Mr., 151, 152, 159
Caldwell, Mrs., 130, 131
Calhoun, John C, 142, 163, 311;
conversation with, 147; removal
to Georgetown of, 164; talks of
the election, 269, 270; sensation
produced by pamphlet of, 333,
334 ; patriotism of, 341 ; talks
with Mrs. Clay and Mrs. Smith,
346; admiration of, for Harriet
Martineau, 365, 368; report on
patronage, 369
Calhoun, Mr. and Mrs. John C,
268, 274
Calhoun, Mrs. John C, 144, 155,
170; ball at house of, 148; loses
her infant daughter, 149 ; dinner
at house of, 152; departure of,
290
Calhoun, Old Mrs., 153, 159, 160
Calve, Mr. de, 56
Cambrel ing, Churchill C, 174
Campbell, George W., 93, 280, 305,
3". 312
Campbell, Rev. John Nicholas,
239, 250, 273
Capitol Hill, beauties of, in 1800,
10
Carf, Dabney, 102, 242, 243
Carroll, Daniel, 13
Carroll, Miss, 99
Carroll, the Misses, 57
Carter's Mountain, anecdote con-
cerning, 390
Carusi, Mr., 210
Cass, Lewis, 245, 247
Catholic Chapel, first one in Wash-
ington, 13, 16
Chase, Mr., 250
Cherokee Chiefs, 30
Cholera, prevalence of, in Wash-
ington, 155, 335
Church, first one in Washington,
13
Claiborne, Nathaniel H., 245
Claiborne, W. C. C, 26
Clark, Dr., 161
Clark, Marion, 377
Clay, Ann, 87
Clay, Henry, 84; not so popular
as Johnson, 129; intimacy with
Monroe, 141 ; speech of, 145 ;
appearance of, at " Drawing
Room," 183 ; influence of, 185 ;
conversation with, 207 ; in the
"Telegraph," 212; hospitality
of, 213; illness of, 256, 257, 276;
assumed cheerfulness of, 259;
INDEX
4i7
reception at home of, 271 ; con-
versation with, 277 ; in defeat,
279; character of, 285, 286; at
dinner table of Mrs. Smith, 299 ;
compares characters of Jefferson
and Madison, 300; sensibility of,
301; death of infant of, 302;
domestic affliction of, 303 ;
placed on important commit-
tees, 325 ; chosen candidate for
presidency, 332 ; presidential
hopes for, 344; conversation of,
with Harriet Martineau, 361 ;
friendship for Harriet Martin-
eau, 364, 368; death of his
daughter, 375; affection of, for
Mrs. Smith, 375 ; congratulates
Mrs. Smith on her son's mar-
riage, 413
Clay, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, 85,
139, 246, 286
Clay, Mrs. Henry, 84, 91, 157, 207,
211, 212, 238, 245, 249, 256, 257,
260, 262, 289, 290, 344, 347, 375 ;
character of, 86, 88; death of
her child, 130, 135; sale of fur-
niture of, 285 ; unhappiness of,
324 ; health of, 353
Clifton, Mrs., 153, 247
Cobb, Thomas W., 173, 176, 181,
182, 184, 186
Cockburn, Admiral George, 109,
in, 112, 113
Coles, Edward, 56, 61
Colton, Mr., 328, 339
Conrad's boarding house, 9, 10,
12, 31
Coolidge, Ellen Randolph, 362
Cooper, James Fenimore, 166, 167,
169
Correa da Serra, Jose, 135, 138,
140
Cox, Rev. Samuel Hanson, 249
Cranch, Edward, 245
Cranet, John, 292
Craven, Mr., 30
Craven, Mrs., 85
Crawford, Caroline, 170, 172, 181,
193
Crawford, Mrs. Wm. H., 170, 172,
173, 177
Crawford, Wm. H., 160-162;
summer residence of, 164; ill-
ness of, 165, 166; loyalty of his
friends, 173; defeat of, 173, 174,
176, 177; game of chess with,
175 ; declines to remain in Cab^-
inet, 178; family life of, 179;
devotion to his children, 188;
Lafayette's visit to, 189; writes
to Adams, 193, 194, 195; anec-
dote of his barber, 198, 199; re-
ports of illness of, 199, 200;
character of, 202, 203
Cutting, Mr., 112
Cutting, Mr. and Mrs., 87
Cutting, Mrs., 91, 97, no
Cutts, Mrs. Richard D., 61, 62, 82,
no, 141, 157, 211, 238, 260, 314,
373
Cutts, Richard D., 82, no, 143
Danforth, Rev. Mr., 273, 285
Dannery, Mr., 265, 267
Day, Mr., 168
Dayton, Jonathan, 26
Dearborn, Henry, 31, 35
Decatur, Stephen, 150, 151
Decatur, Stephen and Mrs., 135
Decatur, Mrs. Stephen, 150, 151
Dickens, Asbury, 176
Dickens, Mrs. Asbury, 261
Donelson, Mrs. Andrew Jackson,
307, 308
Dougherty, Joseph, 313
Doughty, James, 164, 245
Doyne, Eliza, 114
" Drawing Room," attractions of,
4i8
INDEX
95; Mrs. Madison's, 83, 130;
Mrs. Adams's, 182, 183
Durand, Cyrus, 374
Duval, Capt., 346
Duval, Mrs., 35, 38, 135
Easton, Miss, 304
Eaton, John H., 252, 255, 282,
3ii, 319, 344
Eaton, Mrs. ("Peggy" O'Neill),
252, 282, 288, 289, 305, 311, 318,
320, 327
Eddsborough, Mrs., 323
Elliot, Dawes, 245, 246
Ellison, Mr., 245
English, Lydia, 275
Episcopal Church, first one in
Washington, 16
Eppes, Mrs. John Wayles (Maria
Jefferson), 34
Erskine, M., 62
Esmanyart, Mr., 263
Everett, Edward, 14, 212
Everett, Mr. and Mrs. Edward,
327
Ewing, Mr., 257
Fair for the orphan asylum, 367
Farley, John, 323, 324
Feronais, Count de la, 264
Finley, Robert, 130, 131
Fisk, Jonathan, 93
Fletcher, Thomas, 140
Forsyth, John, 95, 170
Forsyth, Mr. and Mrs. John, 154
Foster, Sir Augustus, 385, 400
Franklin, Benjamin, 59
Frelinghuysen, Mrs., 312
Fulton, the Misses, 261
Gales, Ann Eliza, 89, 91, 135, 161
Gales, Joseph, 89, 112, 209, 211,
283, 290
Gallatin, Albert, 31, 86, 307
Gallatin, Mrs. Albert, 27, 32, 45,
49, 56
Gallaudet, Miss, 143
Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, 144,
242
Gemme, Carre De V., 2, 19
Gilmore, Mr., 137
Gilmore, Mrs., 294
Gilmer, Mr. and Mrs., 268
Gorham, Mrs. Benjamin, 342, 343
Graham, Mary Ann, 340
Graham, Mrs. George, 381
Grammar (E. Doyne), 115
Granger, Gideon, 35, 37
Green, Duff, 211
Gurley, Mrs., 328
Gurley, Ralph Randolph, 328
Hamilton, Alexander, 212
Hamilton, Mrs., 289
Hampton, affair of, 90
Harper, Mrs., 151
Harris, Rev. William, 167
Harrison, William Henry, 137,
138, 140
Hart, Jeannette, 340
Hauto, Mr., 54, 55
Hay, Mrs., 150
Hayne, Robert Y., 310
Hayne, Mrs. Robert Y., 288
Henderson, Col., 210
Henry, Mr., 250
Hervey, Mr., 213
Hillhouse, James Abraham, 168
Hoar, Mr., 174
Holly, Mrs., 260
Holmes, David, 18
Holmes, John, 145, 173
House, Col., 344
House of Representatives, de-
stroyed by British, 109; loung-
ing in, 94; refreshments in, 146,
147
Hughes, Mr., 135
INDEX
419
Humboldt, Baron, 395, 397
Hungerford, Gen. John Pratt, 106
Hunter, Dr. Andrew, 160
Hunter, Mrs., 158
Huntt, Dr. Henry, 157, 272
Huygens, Madame, 305, 318
Huygens, Mr. (Dutch Minister),
326
Inauguration ball, 60, 412
Inauguration of Jefferson, 25;
Madison, 58, 410
Independence Day, celebration of,
398
Indian dance, 247
Ingersoll, Charles I., 96
Ingham, Samuel D., 282, 287, 311
Ingham, Mr. and Mrs., 255
Ingham, Mrs. Samuel D., 289,
290
Iturbide, Madame, 322
Jackson, Andrew, 177, 180; con-
gratulates Adams, 183; letter
from, 253; death of wife, 259,
260 ; arrival of, 272, 273, 281 ;
refuses to have inaugural pa-
rade, 284; rumors about Cabinet
of, 281, 282, 283; inauguration
of, 290; marriage of adopted
son of, 325 ; accessible to the
people, 306; calls on Mrs. Ran-
dolph, 308, 309; in his dotage,
318, 320
Jackson, John G., 98
Jackson, Mrs. Andrew, 253
Jefferson, Thomas, first interview
with, 5 ; fondness of, for trees,
11, 394; residence at Conrad's,
12; election of, 21 ; inauguration
of, 25 ; inaugural address of, 26 ;
reception by, 30, 34, 38; fond-
ness for grandchildren, 50, 76,
78; present of seeds from, 50;
tete-a-tete with, 55; retirement
of, 58; entertains Mrs. Smith
at Monticello, 67; bedchamber
of, 72; drive with, 72\ family
letters of, 74; parting with, 79;
letter on religion, 126; favors
Crawford, 163; Rector of Uni-
versity of Virginia, 229; visit
to grave of, 230; children and
grandchildren of, 231; Mr.
Trist's story of, 242, 243 ; de-
votion of daughter to, 309;
stories of, by his servant, 314;
religion of, 315; "death-bed
adieu" of, 316; fondness of,
for pets, 385; furnishes White
House, 384; dress of, 386; in-
ventions of, 387; his dumb
waiter, 387; dinner parties of,
388; cooking at his table, 392;
rides of, 393 ; inventions of, 392 ;
friendship with Baron Hum-
boldt, 395; knowledge of Indi-
ans, 402; ceremonial of, 405;
home circle of, 406; custom as
to mourning, 407; friendship for
Madison, 409
Jefferson's Manual, 8
Jeffries, Miss, 354
Jinkinson, Mr. and Mrs., 51
Jessup, Mrs., 246
Johns, Mr., 339
Johnson, Chapman, 229
Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. R. M.,
166, 168
Johnson, Mrs. Richard Mentor,
206, 238
Johnson, Richard Mentor, 128,
140, 146
Johnston, Mrs. Josiah S., 240,
245, 246
Jones, Charles, 97
Jones, Mrs. Walter, 238, 329
420
INDEX
Kautzow, the Misses de, 140
Key, Frank, 293
King, Rufus, 40
King, John Pendleton, 330, 341,
364
Kirkpatrick, Bayard, 362
Kirkpatrick, George Littleton, 87,
88
Kirkpatrick, Maria, 47, 48
Kirkpatrick, Mary Ann, 88, 129,
132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 140
Kremer, George, 212
Krudener, Baron, 262
Lafayette, General, 177, 187, 189
Lafayette, George, 177, 189
Lanark, settlement at, 220, 221,
222
Lansdale, Miss, 85
Larned, Mr., 144
Law, John, 85, 158
Law, Mrs. Thomas, 1, 2, 3, 4, 18,
31
Law, Thomas, 1, 4, 9, 20, 49
Lawrence, Miss, 168
Lear, Mrs. Tobias, 323, 331, 381
Lee, Mr., 102, 103
Leon, Mr., 275
Lewis, Joe, 174
Lewis, Meriwether, 393
Lindsay, Dr. and Mrs., 250
Livingston, Edward, 325
Livingston, Mrs. Edward, 288,
325, 326
Livingston, Robert R., 40
Lomax, Professor, 226, 227
Louisiana, cession of, 38, 40
Lovel, Dr., 246
Lovel, Dr. and Mrs., 250, 268
Lovel, Mrs., 210, 238, 246
Lowndes, Caleb, 54, 55, 56, 388
Lowndes, Mrs., 130, 145
Lowrie, Walter, 173, 184, 182, 185,
187
Lyon, Mr., 286, 289, 300, 303
McClure, William, 388
McComb, General Alexander, 286,
300
McComb, Mrs. Alexander, 238,
341
McKenney, Dr., 168, 169
McKenny, Col., 160
McLane, Louis, 170, 179, 190, 191,
192, 193, 252, 261, 282, 283, 325,
353
McLane, Mrs. Louis, 149, 164,
251, 252, 260, 261, 275, 319, 320,
321, 325, 343
McMunn and Conrad's, 31
Macon, Nathaniel, 164
Madison, James, 31 ; remarks on
champagne, 36; visits Sidney,
51; inauguration of, 58; de-
meanor at inauguration ball, 61 ;
remarks at inauguration ball,
63, 64; movements after battle
of Bladensburg, 106, 107 ; goes
to Mrs. Cutts's house, no; or-
ders resistance to British, 114;
greets Mr. Finley, 131 ; praises
University of Virginia, 229 ; wel-
comes Mr. and Mrs. Smith to
Montpelier, 233 ; speaks of his
reminiscences, 235 ; sportive dis-
position of, 236; feeble health
of, 358; friendship of, for Jef-
ferson, 410; inauguration of,
410
Madison, Mrs., 49 ; interview with
Dr. Breckenridge, 17; intimacy
with, 29; dinner with, 35; game
of cards with, 38; visits Sidney,
57; inaugural reception of, 58;
appearance at inauguration ball,
61, 62; kindness of, 82, 83; de-
pression of, after battle, no;
movements of, after battle, no,
INDEX
421
III j asks Miss Mary Kirk-
patrick to play, 132; appearance
of, 134; kindness to Miss Kirk-
patrick, 138; a talk with, 234;
hospitality of, 234; runs a race
with Anna Smith, 237 ; writes
account of her life, 351; life at
Montpelier, 380
Madison, " Old Mrs.," 236
Madison, William, 82
Marke, Mr., 85
Martineau, Harriet, visit from.
354; reception to, 356; dinner
to> 359 ; friendship for Clay, 364 ;
friends of, 365 ; conversation of,
365; modesty of, 366; attentions
to, 368; political address to, 369
Mason, Armistead Thomson, 33,
106
Mason, Mrs. Armistead Thomson,
104, 105, 107, 157
May, Frederick, 4, 5, 18
May, Mrs. Frederick, 158
Mayne, Mr., 394
Meade, William, 225
Meigs, Return J., 161
Meigs, Mrs. Return J., 135
Meley Meley (Tunisian Minis-
ter), 400, 401, 402, 403
Menou, Count de, 174
Mercer, John Fenton, 145
Meredith, 31
Merry, Mrs. Anthony, 45, 404
Middleton, Mrs. Henry, 165, 204
Miller, Mary, 245, 246, 247
Mitchill, Samuel L., 49, 166, 168
Mitchill, Mrs. Samuel L., 168
Monroe, James, confidence of sol-
diers in, 89; joins the Presi-
dent, 108
Monroe, Mr. and Mrs. James,
manners of, 141
Montgomery C. H., burning of,
101
Montgomery, Mrs. 86
Monticello, visit to, 65; descrip-
tion of, 66; dinner at, 67; sun-
rise at, 69; improvements at,
68, 69; breakfast at, 68, 69;
view from, 70; daily routine at,
70; library at, 71; second visit
to, 230; desolation at, 231
Montpelier, visit to, 65 ; arrival
at, 81; breakfast at, 83; hospi-
tality at, 81; house at, 82; sup-
per at, 82 ; second visit to, 233 ;
dinner at, 235 ; departure from,
237
Moore, Mr., 167
Morgan, Col. James, 37
Morris, Gouverneur, 26
Morris, Miss, 268, 289
Mulligan, Mr., 101
Mumford, Gurdon S., 84
National Intelligencer, the estab-
lishment of, 9 ; burning of office,
112
Navy Yard, burning of, 102
Nelson, Hugh, 225, 226
Neuville, Hyde de, 134, 135
Neuville, Madame Hyde de, 140
Newal, Mrs., 238
Newman, Mrs., 368
New Year's Day, reception at
White House, 400
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, 19, 20
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper, 24
Nicholson, Maria, 28
Noah, Mordecai Manuel, 274
Numidian Lion, 367
Ogilvie, Mr., 95, 97, 98
Ohnes, Mr., 174
Onis, the Misses de, 140
Orr, Henry, 359
Osage chiefs, reception to, 400
422
INDEX
Otis, Mr. and Mrs. Harrison
Gray, i, 5
Otis, Mrs. Harrison Gray, 18,
343
Owen, of Lanark, 179, 196, 197,
219
Paterson, William, 406
Payne, Anna (Mrs. Richard D.
Cutts), 29
Palfrey, Mr., 340
Pederson, Peter, 56, 57
Persico, 270
Pettrich, sculptor, 378
Pichon, Henrietta, 214, 265
Pichon, Jerome, 217
Pichon, Louis Andre, 33
Pichon, Madame, 34, 44, 45, 47,
165, 204
Pichon, Theodore, 217, 263
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, 53
Pinkney, William, 96, 149*
Pise, Charles Constantine, 340
Plane, Mrs. de la, 330
Poindexter, Mr., 340
Porter, Commodore David, 258
Porter, Peter B., 245, 249, 257,
258, 274
Porter, Genl. and Mrs. Peter B.,
268
Porter, Mrs. Peter B., 238, 245,
249, 260, 261, 262, 272, 274, 275,
276, 279, 285, 289, 290, 298, 299
Portrait of Washington, rescue of,
no
Post, Mr., 158, 160
Pouillet, Mr., 215
Precedence, questions of, 326, 404
President's House. See White
House
Preston, William Campbell, 353,
368
Quincy, Josiah, 83, 84, 285
Randal, Mrs., 343
Randolph, Burrel, 242
Randolph, Jefferson, 67, 70, 224,
232
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, 42,
43, 186, 187, 212
Randolph, Mary, 72
Randolph, Mrs. Thomas Mann
(Martha Jefferson), 34, 35, 49,
67, 74, 77, 79, 157, 231, 242, 307,
308, 313, 314, 363
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 67, 70
Randolph, Virginia, 72
Ridgely, Major, 100
Riggs, E., 100
Riley, Capt. James, 148, 367, 372
Rives, Wm. Cabell, 227
Rives, Mr. and Mrs. William
Cabell, 268
Rodgers, John, 376
Ross, Genl. Alexander, 109
Rush, Richard, 94, 106, 257, 259,
278, 279, 290
Rush, Mrs. Richard, 208, 238, 243,
279, 308
Rush, Miss, 140
Sanford, Mrs. Nathan, 289
Schaefer, Frederick Christian, 167
Scott, John, 185, 247
Scott, Winfield, 183
Seaton, Julia, 247
Seaton, Mrs. William, 91, 135, 238,
245, 246, 270, 290, 330, 356
Seaton, Mr. and Mrs. William,
247, 268, 274
Seaton, William, 89, 91, 290
Seawell, Dr., 314
Sedgwick, Catharine Maria, 168,
334, 343
Senate chamber, admission of
ladies to, 149, 310, 352
Shales, Mr., 246
Sidney, first view of, 44
INDEX
423
Sim, Dr. and Mrs. Thomas, 268
Sim, Dr. Thomas, 253, 335, 337,
338, 340
" Sister Gertrude," 322
Slave insurrection, fear of, 90
Smith, Andrew, 276
Smith, Ann, 93, 95, 97, 99, i°3,
116, 139, 329> 348
Smith, Anna, 145, 147, 223, 348
Smith, Catharine, 347
Smith, Esther, 245
Smith, Jonathan Bayard H., 84,
148, 336; visits Montpelier, 381;
marriage of, 413
Smith, Julia, 93, 101, 145, 147,
251, 272, 345, 348
Smith, Mrs. Andrew, 238, 275
Smith, Mrs. Robert, 46, 47, 62,
238
Smith, Robert, 45
Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Har-
rison, visit General Jackson, 289,
304
Smith, Mrs. Samuel Harrison
(Margaret Bayard), arrival in
Washington, 1 ; visits Bruns-
wick, 37; visits New York, 40;
goes to Sidney, 49; visits Mon-
ticello, 65 ; visits Montpelier, 81 ;
flees from the British, 98; re-
turns to Sidney, 109; visits
Mrs. Boyd in New York, 166;
visits Charlottesville, Va., 223;
visits Monticello the second
time, 230; leaves Monticello,
232; visits Montpelier for sec-
ond time, 233 ; moves into a new
house, 238; gives a party, 268;
gives a party in honor of Mr.
and Mrs. Calhoun, 274; gives a
party for Mrs. Randolph, 307;
takes Mrs. Randolph to the
White House, 307; amusements
at home, 328; impromptu verses
of, 331 ; letter of Miss Sedgwick
to, 333
Smith, Samuel Harrison, relations
with Jefferson, 9; Commissioner
of the Revenue, 92; losses of,
in war, 101, 102, 103, 119; re-
turns to city, 107; visits Presi-
dent after battle, no; reads
memoir of Jefferson before Co-
lumbian Institute, 208; dines
with Typographical Society,
209; talks to Miss Martineau,
363
Smith, Susan, 49, 52, 53, 101, 261,
328, 329
Smith, Susan Harrison, 97
Smythe, Gen. Alexander, 145
Southard, Mrs. Samuel, 211, 212,
238, 243, 245, 246, 249, 298, 372
Southard, Samuel, 163, 243, 252,
257, 258, 273, 278, 290
Southard, Virginia, 245, 344, 346,
347, 372
Sprague, Mrs., 343
Sprigg, Capt., 38
Sprigg, Mrs., 85
Stevens, Alexander Hodgson, 168,
206, 350
Stevens, Mr., 97, 98
Stevenson, Andrew, 210
Stewart, Charles Samuel, 371
Stone, Mrs., 141
Sumter, Thomas, 30
Sunday observance in Washing-
ton, 16, 17
Sunday services at the Capitol, 13
Supreme Court, speeches in, 96
Sutherland, Miss, 270
Swartwout, Samuel, 177
Tasslet, Mr., 155
Tasslet, Mrs., 153
Tayloe, Mr., 145, 147
Tayloe, Mrs., 356
424
INDEX
Tayloe, the Misses, 339
Taylor, General Zachary, 345
Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 283
Thierrie, Mr., 135
Thompson, Rishey, 211
Thornton, Mrs. William, 1, 51, 55,
no, in, 156, 206, 210, 211, 238,
245, 308, 341, 343, 354, 381
Thornton, William, 1, 51
Tiber, the, beauties of, 10, n
Tingly, Miss, 18
Tingly, Mrs. Thomas, 1, 2, 4, 18,
33
Tingly, Thomas, 1, 5, 18, 33, Sh 62,
113, 283, 290
Todd, John Payne, 131, 351, 381
Tompkins, Daniel D., 149
Tracy, Mr., 88
Trist, Mrs. Nicholas, 231
Trist, Nicholas, 231, 242, 247
Turreau de Garambonville, 56, 62
University of Virginia, description
of, 225, 226; library of, 226,
227; Jefferson's influence over
students of, 229; described, 382
Vail, Miss, 238
Vail, Stephen, 185, 186
Van Buren, Martin, 170, 173, 176,
190, 192, 282, 287, 305, 306, 309,
310, 320, 344, 349
Van Cortlandt, Philip, 18
Van Ness, John Peter, 211
Van Ness, Mrs. John Peter (Mar-
cia Burns), 135, 141, 157, 209,
210, 211, 373
Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Stephen,
184, 185, 327
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, 175, 184,
185, 191, 192, 193, 250
Vaughan, Charles Richard, 255,
270, 356
Ward, Col. and Mrs., 272
Warden, David Bailie, 214
Wayne, James Moore, 325, 343
Wayne, Mrs. James Moore, 343
Webster, Daniel, 162, 185, 187,
310, 368
Webster, Mrs. Daniel, 344, 348
Weightman, Richard, in
Wharton, Col., 113
Wharton, Miss, 344
Wharton, Mrs., 165
White House, burning of, in ; de-
stroyed by British, 109; de-
scription of, 383; furnishing of,
384; improvement of grounds
of, 393
Wilkes, Mrs. Charles, 377
Williams, Miss, 270
Willis, Dr., 45
Winder, William Henry, 100, 101,
ii3
Wingate, Margaret, 85
Wirt, Catharine, 239, 323
Wirt, Elizabeth, 239
Wirt, Mr. and Mrs. William, 208
Wirt, Mrs. William, 244, 249, 270,
317, 318, 323, 343
Wirt, William, 142, 207, 228, 239,
240, 246, 257, 272, 290, 316, 317,
350
Wood, Mr., 156, 250, 289, 290, 292,
33i
Woodbury, Levi, 283
Worthington, Dr., 106
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